europe iii (chapter 1: 87-105). regions of europe western british isles northern mediterranean...
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MEDITERRANEAN EUROPE
SIX COUNTRIES
A DISCONTINUOUS REGION
ON THE PERIPHERY
CULTURAL CONTINUITY DATES FROM GRECO-ROMAN TIMES
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATEHOT - DRY SUMMERS
WARM/COOL - MOIST WINTERS
ITALY
MOST POPULATED OF MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIESBEST CONNECTED TO THE EUROPEAN COREMOST ECONOMICALLY ADVANCEDDISPLAYS A SHARP NORTH/SOUTH CONTRAST (ANCONA LINE )MILAN
ITALY’S LARGEST CITY AND MANUFACTURING CENTERALSO THE COUNTRY’S FINANCIAL AND SERVICE-INDUSTRY CENTER
ITALY
ROMEFOUNDED ABOUT 3,000 YEARS AGO
ATTAINED AN ESTIMATED POPULATION OF 1 MILLION < THE END OF THE 1ST CENTURY AD
ONLY 30,000 PEOPLE BY THE 13TH CENTURY
BECAME ITALY’S CAPITAL IN 1870
CURRENTLY HAS ABOUT 2.7 MILLION PEOPLE
VATICAN CITYAN ENCLAVE WITHIN ROME
THE HEADQUARTERS OF ROMAN CATHOLICISM
FUNCTIONS AS AN INDEPENDENT ENTITY
EASTERN EUROPE(REGIONAL IDENTIFIERS)
EUROPE’S LARGEST REGIONADJOINS 3 OF 4 OTHER EUROPEAN REGIONSCONTAINS THE MOST COUNTRIESINCLUDES EUROPE’S LARGEST STATEINCORPORATES EUROPE’S POOREST COUNTRYIN 1990, NONE OF ITS STATES COULD MEET THE CRITERIA FOR MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUREACHES INTO THE RUSSIAN ZONE OF INFLUENCE
BALKANIZATION
FROM THE VERB BALKANIZE, WHICH MEANS TO BREAK UP (AS IN A REGION) INTO SMALLER AND OFTEN HOSTILE UNITSORIGINATES FROM A MOUNTAIN RANGE IN BULGARIAAPPLIED TO THE SOUTHERN HALF OF EASTERN EUROPE, i.e., THE BALKAN COUNTRIES OF THE BALKAN PENINSULA
UNDERLYING FORCES
CENTRIFUGAL FORCESREFER TO FORCES THAT TEND TO DIVIDE A COUNTRY
Religious, linguistic, ethnic, or ideological differences
CENTRIPETAL FORCESFORCES THAT UNITE AND BIND A COUNTRY TOGETHER
A strong national culture, shared ideological objectives, and a common faith
IRREDENTISM
A POLICY OF CULTURAL EXTENSION AND POLITICAL EXPANSION AIMED AT A NATIONAL GROUP LIVING IN A NEIGHBORING COUNTRY
BA
A
RIVER & BORDER
COUNTRIES
MINORITYPOPULATION
BORDERADJUSTMENT
ETHNIC CLEANSING
REFERS TO THE FORCIBLE OUSTER OF ENTIRE POPULATIONS FROM THEIR HOMELANDS BY STRONGER POWERS BENT ON TAKING THEIR TERRITORIES A
BA
COUNTRIES
BORDER
MINORITYPOPULATION
DEVOLUTION
THE PROCESS WHEREBY REGIONS WITHIN A STATE DEMAND AND GAIN POLITICAL STRENGTH AND GROWING AUTONOMY AT THE EXPENSE OF THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT
SHATTER BELT
A TERM APPLIED TO EASTERN EUROPE BY GEOGRAPHERS TO DESCRIBE A ZONE OF CHRONIC POLITICAL SPLINTERING AND FRACTURINGWHY HERE?
DAYTON ACCORDS
A US INITIATIVE TO CONFER AND REDRAW THE MAP OF REMNANTS OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
ATTEMPTED TO PARTITION BOSNIA AMONG SERBS, CROATS, AND MUSLIMS
LAND DISTRIBUTION PROBLEM: SERBS (31% OF BOSNIA) GOT 48% OF LAND; IN MUSLIM/CROAT FEDERATION, MUSLIMS (49%) GOT 27 % OF LAND; WHILE CROATS (17%) GOT 25 %
SUBREGIONS OF
EASTERN EUROPE
COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA
THE LANDLOCKED CENTER
COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA
COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA
COUNTRIES FACING THE BALTIC SEA
POLANDA CLASSIC NATION-STATETRADITIONALLY AGRARIAN - WHEATPOST WWII INDUSTRY - SILESIAWARSAW - PRIMATE CITY
LITHUANIALOST INDEPENDENCE IN 1940, REGAINED IN 1991KALININGRAD - A RUSSIAN EXCLAVE
LATVIASIMILAR HISTORY AS LITHUANIACONSTITUTE BARE MAJORITY IN OWN COUNTRY
BELARUS: RUSSIA’S CLOSEST ALLY
THE LANDLOCKED CENTER
CZECH REPUBLICTHE REGION’S MOST WESTERNIZEDPRAGUE- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY
SLOVAKIATHE LEAST DEVELOPED, MOST RURAL PART OF “CZECHOSLOVAKIA”
HUNGARYA NATION-STATE OF 9.9 MILLIONBUDAPEST- A CLASSIC PRIMATE CITY
COUNTRIES FACING THE ADRIATIC SEA
SLOVENIA: FIRST TO SECEDE; ETHNICALLY MOST HOMOGENEOUS
CROATIA
BOSNIA: CENTRALLY POSITIONED
SERBIA: LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS
MACEDONIA: 65% MACEDONIAN, 21% ALBANIAN
ALBANIA: REMNANT OF TURKISH OTTOMAN EMPIRE; 70% MUSLIMS; LOWEST ECONOMIC RANKING IN EUROPE
COUNTRIES FACING THE BLACK SEA
BULGARIA: LIBERATED BY RUSSIA IN 1878
ROMANIA: A FORMER ROMAN PROVINCE; RAW MATERIALS (COAL, IRON ORE, OIL, NATURAL GAS)
MOLDOVA: AGRICULTURAL
UKRAINE: LARGEST AND MOST POPULOUS; AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE