Topic : Sociolinguistics.• Name : Makwana Ankita m.

• Paper No :12• Roll No :1

• Year :2014-15• Semester : 3

• Guidance : by Department of English.

Sociolinguistics?

• Use of language in society.• Sociolinguistic examines the relationship

between language use and the social world, particularly how language operates within and created social structures.

• Sociolinguistic studies have looked at speech communication based on social categories such as age, gender, profession…….

Sub categories

Sociolinguistic

Micro-sociolinguistic Macro-sociolinguistic

What is micro-sociolinguistic?

• Micro-sociolinguistic refer to research with a linguistic slat on dialect and stylistic/ variation.

• According to Coulmas Sociolinguistic as ‘ social dimensions of language’.

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What is macro-sociolinguistic?

• Macro-linguistics looks at the behaviors of entire speech communication exploring issues such as why immigrant communities retain their native languages in some contexts but not in other.

• According to Coulmas …..• ‘ linguistic dimensions of society’• It is a part of L2(Second language)

Research

• Research in sociolinguistic describes three subcategories.

Language variation

Language in contact

Linguistic relativity

Language variation• How does a language change.• Language variation research has focused increasingly on

issues of social context. • Freeman and McElhinny survey the interaction of culture

and gender with respect to politeness..• In society where politeness is normatively valued or seen

as a skill, or where acquisition of politeness is not an automatic part of language learning but requires additional training , men tend to be understand as a more polite, and women are understood as impolite or too polite.

Linguistic Relativity• Cross-cultural miscommunication.• For e.g..Different between European culture and Indian culture.

• Thomas distinguishes between what she calls pragmalinguistic and sociopragmatic failure. In the former, speakers fail to convey their meaning because the message’s pragmatic force is missunderstood.

• For e.g.. The formulaic expression ‘How are You’? In English generally means little more than ‘Hello’

• Sociopragmatic failure occurs when one does not know what to say whom.

Language in Contact• In a diglossic situation two language or variation of a

language exist side by side, essentially in complementary distribution.

• One is used for Formal situation and other Informal contexts.

• Formal situation =It is a high-prestige variety(H).

• For e.g. Education, religion.• Informal contexts= Frequently the vernacular and native

language/variety is considered low(L)

Practice1)Language variation• Language teacher are called upon to make

conscious decisions concerning which varieties of English and which language strategies they bring into the classroom.

2)Linguistic Relativity.• The different aspects of language comparison linguistic

structure and phonetics.• Language learner must go beyond grammatical

competence it they are successful users of a language.• Gohen , he recommends five steps.• Assessment of student’s sociolinguistic awareness;

presentation and discussion of dialogues focusing on sociocultural factors affecting speech acts; evaluation of situation; role play; feedback and discussion.

3).Language contact• Which is present form of language?• How it is spoken?• Pratt uses the term Contact Zones for classroom

and other ‘social spaces where culture meet, clash, and grapple with each other.

• Where English is used primarily with non-native speakers-or native speakers of local varieties of English-teachers need to decide which variety or varieties of English will be taught.

Current and future trends and directions

• Some of the most exciting new work explores the relationship between identity and language learning.

• Much of thinking has been influenced by • post-structuralist critiques of traditionally conceived

social categories.• For e.g.., in place of fixed, apriori notion of class an

gender, post-structuralists argue that social categories are fluid, they are created or recreated at the moment of speech through speech..

Conclusion• Use language in society.• How language use in the society.• Society is deeply connected with language.