0125262011 fadi hashem, dc pro engineer
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
2011
District Cooling in Kuwait
KUWAIT DISTRICT COOLING SUMMIT 2011
January 25th-26th 2011 – Radisson Blue Hotel– Kuwait
Presented by Fadi Hachem
District Cooling In Kuwait- Introduction
Presentation Summary:
Environmental foot print of GCC countries
Electric Power stations and power demand data in Kuwait
Impact of District Cooling on overall government infrastructure costs
Impact of District Cooling on carbon emissions
Overall benefits of implementation of District Cooling in Kuwait
Benefits of Thermal Energy Storage
Key District Cooling Schemes in the GCC
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Introduction
GCC countries have today one of the highest environmental foot print per capita in the world in terms of peak electric load/Capita, carbon emissions/Capita and annual power consumption/capita.
With the Global move to reduce carbon emissions and preserve the environment, and with the power failures and crises in Kuwait occurring since the summer of 2006, it is essential to adopt energy efficient environmental friendly solutions to meet the future expected growth in Kuwait.
60 to 70% of building peak electricity load and over 50% of the building annual energy in the GCC is consumed by air conditioning equipment.
District Cooling along with better building designs are playing a vital role in curbing power consumption related to air conditioning and can offer numerous technical, commercial and environmental benefits to the government and end users.
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Environmental Footprint
Country Population
Millions
CO2 Emissions
Million ton of CO2
CO2 Emissions
Ton CO2/Capita
Electric Consumption
KWh/Capita
Kuwait 2.73 64.49 25.47 16,747
UAE 4.48 146.95 32.77 16,895
Qatar 1.28 53.91 42.09 15,680
KSA 24.65 389.16 15.79 7,576
Egypt 81.53 174.03 2.13 1,425
Jordan 5.91 18.42 3.12 2,054
China 1,333 6,550 4.92 2,471
USA 304.53 5,595.9 18.38 13,647
Africa 984 890 0.9 571
World 6,688 29,381 4.39 2,782
2008 Environmental Footprint Comparison (IEA)
District Cooling & Sustainability – Key GCC Data2008 GCC Key Data
KSA UAE Kuwait Qatar Oman Bahrain Total GCC Remarks
Estimated Population - Millions
24.65 4.48 2.73 1.28 2.79 0.77 36.70
Peak Electric load - MW 34,470 13,840 9,710 3,990 3,392 2,314 67,716
Peak Electric load - KW / Capita
1.40 3.09 3.56 3.12 1.22 3.01 1.85
Estimated Peak cooling Load - Ton
14,937,000 5,997,300 4,207,700 1,729,000 1,469,900 1,002,700 29,343,600
District Cooling Est. Peak Load - Ton
250,000 550,000 80,000 45,000 30,000 20,000 975,000
District Cooling Penetration Rate - %
1.7% 9.2% 1.9% 2.6% 2.0% 2.0% 3.3%
District Cooling In Kuwait- Power Stations & Generation Data
KUWAIT POWER STATIONS DATA- 2008
Power StationsInstalled Capacity
Peak Demand
% of Installed Load
Elect. Energy Generated
Thermal Energy Consumption Fuel Cost
Generation Efficiency
Generation Cost
MW MW % M. KWh Billion BTU Million USD % USD/KWh
Shuwaikh Station 252 230 91% 1,345 19,361 34.8 23.7% 0.026
Shuaiba South Station 720 600 83% 3,602 41,735 59.9 29.5% 0.017
Doha East Station 1,158 930 80% 4,853 58,126 701.6 28.5% 0.145
Doha West Station 2,485 2,270 91% 11,770 121,424 1,519.2 33.1% 0.129
Az-Zour South Station 4,376 3,860 88% 17,549 192,822 2,580.8 31.1% 0.147
Sabiya Station 2,650 1,820 69% 12,630 115,856 1,384.4 37.2% 0.110
Total 11,641 9,710 83% 51,749 549,324 6,281 32.2% 0.121Ministry Total Sales Revenue in 2008 : 282.4 Million USD / Year
Estimated Depreciation, Operation & Mainenace 1,449 Million USD / Year
Estimated Government Subsidies 7,447 Million USD / Year
Estimated Government Subsidies per Capita 2,728 USD / Capita / Year
Note: Data extracted from Kuwait Statistical Year Book 2009
District Cooling In Kuwait- Power Stations & Generation Data (Cont’d)
HISTORICAL POWER DEMAND DATA
Year Installed Capacity Peak DemandElect. Energy Generated
Mean Annual Rate of Peak Load Growth
During 10 Yrs PeriodEstimated Peak Cooling
Load
MW MW M. KWh % TR
1978 2,128 1,596 - - 691,600
1988 7,398 3,920 19,599 14.5% 1,698,700
1998 7,389 5,800 29,984 4.8% 2,513,300
2008 11,642 9,710 51,749 6.7% 4,207,700
Note: 1. Data extracted from Kuwait Statistical Year Book 20092. Peak cooling estimated based on 65% of peak demand and average 1.5 KW/TR cooling consumption
District Cooling In Kuwait- Power Stations & Generation Data (Cont’d)
FUTURE POWER DEMAND ESTIMATES
Year Estimated Peak Demand Estimated Elect. Energy
Generated Estimated Peak
Cooling Load
MW M. KWh TR
2010 12,520 60,456 5,425,300
2011 14,255 66,346 6,177,200
2012 15,395 75,506 6,671,200
2013 17,200 86,867 7,453,300
Note: 1. Data extracted from Kuwait Statistical Year Book 20092. Peak cooling estimated based on 65% of peak demand and 1.5 KW/TR average cooling consumption
District Cooling In Kuwait- Benefits of District CoolingMacro Infrastructure
VARIOUS A/C SYSTEMS COMPARATIVE STUDY TOTAL INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENT BY GCC GOVERNMENTS
DESCRIPTION TOTAL INFRASTRUCTURE CAPITAL INVESTMENTELECTRIC POWER Drinking or TSE WATER SEWAGE TOTAL Difference
POWER DEMAND CAPITAL INVEST. RATED INPUT CAPITAL INVEST. RATED INPUT CAPITAL INVEST.
KW / Ton1US $ / Ton m3/DAY/TON US $ / Ton m3/DAY/TON US $5 / Ton US $ / Ton %
TYPICAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM (R22, R407 & R134a)
Air Cooled Package Chiller Plant 1.60 4,399 - - 4,399 Base Package or Ducted Split 1.65 4,536 - - 4,536 3%
Decorative Split 1.80 4,948 - - 4,948 13%Window A/C 1.90 5,223 - - 5,223 19%
DISTRICT COOLING CENTRAL PLANTROOMS (R134a)
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT
0.90 2,474 0.173 628 0.035 87 3,190 -27%
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL W/C CHILLERS PLANT WITH THERMAL STORAGE 0.72 1,979 0.173 628 0.035 87 2,695 -39%
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT UTILISING TSE WATER 0.90 2,474 0.230 0 0.092 232 2,707 -38%
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT UTILISING TSE WATER WITH THERMAL STORAGE
0.72 1,979 0.230 0 0.092 232 2,212 -50%
NOTES
1- POWER REQUIRED BY CHILLED WATER PLANTROOM (CHILLERS, PUMPs, FANS & AUXILIARIES).2- TSE water plant cost is not considered here because that is a requirement to treat the sewage irrespective of DC.
District Cooling In Kuwait- Benefits of District CoolingCO2 Emissions
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VARIOUS A/C SYSTEMS COMPARATIVE STUDY
CO2 EMISSION Per Ton-Hr
TOTAL CO2 Emission DESCRIPTION ELECTRIC POWER WATER TSE water SEWAGE TOTAL % Reduction
POWER DEMAND
CO2
EMISSION2RATED
consumption CO2 EMISSION2RATED
consumption
CO2
EMISSION2RATED blow
down CO2 EMISSION2 CO2 EMISSION
KW / Ton1Kg/TON-Hr m3/TON-Hr Kg/TON-Hr m3/TON-Hr Kg/TON-Hr m3/TON-Hr Kg/TON-Hr Kg/TON-Hr
TYPICAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM (R22, R407 & R134a)1.75 1.62 - - 1.617 BasePACKAGE AIR COOLED CHILLED WATER PLANT
(Reciprocating, Screw Or Centrifugal)
District Cooling Schemes
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT 0.90 0.83 0.0090 0.0359 0.0015 0.00214 0.870 46%
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT WITH THERMAL STORAGE
0.72 0.67 0.0090 0.0359 0.0015 0.00214 0.703 57%
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL USING TSE WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT 0.90 0.83 0.0125 0.0178 0.0050 0.00713 0.839 48%
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL USING TSE WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT WITH THERMAL STORAGE
0.72 0.67 0.0125 0.0178 0.0050 0.00713 0.673 58%
NOTES
1- POWER REQUIRED BY CHILLED WATER PLANT ROOM (CHILLERS, Pumps, FANS & AUXILIARIES).
District Cooling In Kuwait- Total Government BenefitsVARIOUS A/C SYSTEMS COMPARATIVE STUDY
Estimated Design Peak Cooling Load Required = 1,276,100 TR (Between Years 2011 & 2013)
Estimated Actual Annual Peak Cooling Load Required = 893,270 TR (Based on average 70% of Design Load)
Estimated Full Load Hours = 3,500 FLH
DESCRIPTION TOTAL ANNUAL DISTRICT COOLING BENEFITS FOR THE GOVERNMENT IN KUWAITELECTRIC POWER CO2 Emissions
POWER DEMAND
DESIGN POWER DEMAND
Estimated Actual Power Consumption
Power, Water & Sewage
Power, Water & Sewage
Thermal Energy Consumption Fuel Cost
Total CO2
EmissionsTotal CO2
Emissions
KW / Ton MW M. KWh USD/TR Million USD Billion BTU Million USD Kg/Ton-Hr Million Tons
TYPICAL AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM (R22, R407 & R134a) 1.75 2,233 5,471 4,811 6,139 58,079 664 1.617 5.06
DISTRICT COOLING CENTRAL PLANTROOMS (R134a)
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT
0.90 1,148 2,814 3,190 4,071 29,869 342 0.870 2.72
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL W/C CHILLERS PLANT WITH THERMAL STORAGE
0.72 919 2,729 2,695 3,439 28,973 331 0.703 2.20
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT UTILISING TSE WATER
0.90 1,148 2,814 2,707 3,454 29,869 342 0.839 2.62
ELECTRIC POWERED, CENTRIFUGAL WATER COOLED (W/C) CHILLERS PLANT UTILISING TSE WATER WITH THERMAL STORAGE
0.72 919 2,729 2,212 2,823 28,973 331 0.673 2.10
Infrastruction Capital Investment Fuel Consumption
District Cooling In Kuwait- Total Government Benefits (Cont’d)
1,200,000 Ton additional peak cooling load growth is estimated in the next three years in Kuwait with estimated actual load of ~ 890,000 Ton. With district cooling and thermal storage, the following can be achieved:
Electric Demand of the 1,200,000 Ton is 919 MW for DC with TES tank as compared to 2,233 MW with traditional Air Cooled systems. Power consumption of 2,730 GWH for DC as compared to 5,471 GWH for traditional A/C systems.
Government Infrastructure cost reduction with district cooling is around US $ 3.3 Billion for Power Water & Sewage Plants, auxiliaries, Transmission and distribution costs.
Government costs for fuel consumption in electricity generation can be reduced by US$ 333 Million thus increasing sales revenue.
CO2 Emission reduction by 2.95 Million Ton.
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Other Benefits of District Cooling
Additional benefits of district cooling:
Due to its economy of scale, district cooling have the potential of incorporating key energy efficiency measures and renewable energy easier than traditional air conditioning.
Decreasing total developers’ construction cost by 8-10 %
Maximize floor free space for commercial utilization by eliminating A/C
plant and bulky outdoor equipment.
Central plant room uses ozone friendly refrigerant such as HFC-134a. Leakage from central plant is accurately monitored and controlled and is significantly lower than many scattered plants or units.
District Cooling plants are usually sized at a size of 80% of multiple stand alone plants or DX systems due to diversification of loads leading to lower capital and operating costs.
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Other Benefits of District Cooling
Higher human comfort conditions can be achieved with District Cooling:
Lower indoor humidity level resulting from lower and better chilled water temperature control,
Lower objectionable noise and vibration in occupied areas by locating chillers or condensing units in a remote site,
Less maintenance disturbance
Higher system reliability can be achieved with district cooling :
Industrial grade equipment is used with much lower failure frequency than commercial equipment; with a reliability index in excess of 99.94% as documented by IDEA
Central plant room has round the clock maintenance and operation staff. This allows proper preventive maintenance and quicker response time in the event of failure.
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 240.0
2,000.0
4,000.0
6,000.0
8,000.0
10,000.0
12,000.0
14,000.0
16,000.0
18,000.0
20,000.0
17,500 KW
9,000 kW
7,200 KW
Typical A/C System
District Cooling System
District Cooling System with Thermal Storage
Hour of the day (Typical Peak summer Day)
Pla
ntr
oo
m e
lec
tric
co
ns
um
pti
on
(k
W)
58.9 % peak shaving whenThermal Storage is Used.
49% peak shaving with District Cooling.
2,100Kw required for NG & Diesel powered A/C System.
District Cooling in KuwaitBenefits of Thermal Energy Storage (TES)
District Cooling In Kuwait- Benefits of Thermal Storage
Benefits of thermal storage:
Store cooling energy during low load conditions hours to be used during peak hours
Level the electric demand throughout the day thus eliminating the variation in cooling electric demand between day and night
Reduce chiller capacity and peak power demand by 20%
Reduce annual power consumption by 3-5 %
Reduce capital costs by 8-15 % depending on total plant capacity
Reduce water consumption by 5-7 % by shifting the load to night time with lower ambient temperatures
Offer back up during power shut down for part of the load.
Provide reserve water for fire fighting in case of emergencies
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Key District Cooling Projects in the GCC- Abu Dhabi
Al Sowwah Island District Cooling Plant Fully Built Capacity: 80,000 TR with 20 MW
Standby Power Generation
Location: Abu Dhabi, UAE
Status: Under Construction
Al Reem Island District Cooling Plant Fully Built Capacity: 90,000 TR
Location: Abu Dhabi, UAE
Status: In operation
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Key District Cooling Projects in the GCC- Dubai
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Motor District Cooling Plants DCP 1 Capacity: 46,000 TR
DCP 2 Capacity: 46,000 TR
Location: Dubai, UAE
Status: In operation
District Cooling In Kuwait- Key District Cooling Projects in the GCC- Dubai
Dubai Investment District Cooling Plant DCP 3Fully Built Capacity: 75,000 TR
Location: Dubai, UAE
Status: In operation
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Key District Cooling Projects in the GCC- Qatar
West Bay District Cooling Plants:DCP 1 Capacity: 30,000 TR
DCP 2 Capacity: 37,500 TR
Location: Doha, Qatar
Status: In Operation
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Key District Cooling Projects in the GCC- Qatar
The Pearl District Cooling PlantFully Built Capacity: 130,000 TR
Location: Doha, Qatar
Status: In Operation
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Key District Cooling Projects in the GCC- Oman
The Wave District Cooling PlantFully Built Capacity: 20,000 TR
Location: Muscat, Oman
Status: In Operation
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Key District Cooling Projects in the GCC- KSA
Rashid Mall District Cooling PlantFully Built Capacity: 13,850 TR
14 MW Power generation and RO
Desalination plant of Well Water
Location: Khobar, KSA
Status: In Operation
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District Cooling In Kuwait- Key District Cooling Projects in the GCC- KSA
Haram Expansion District Cooling PlantFully Built Capacity: 140,000 TR
Location: Mekkah, KSA
Project Status: Under Construction
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