`

[1]

01278092747

Unit One : Reach For The Stars

Launch يطلق / إطلاق Anniversary ذكري سنوية leak تسرب / يتسرب Deterioration تدهور Gravity الجاذبية Lethargy الكسل Side effects آثار جانبية Vomiting القيء Spokes )أسلاك )قضبان Flourish يزدهر Weightless منعدم الوزن Nausea الغثيان The immune system Minerals معادن

جهاز المناعة

Unit Two : The Prisoner of Zenda

Debate مناظرة / يناقش Castle قلعة escapism الهروب من الواقع coronation تتويـج The throne العرش Daydreams أحلام اليقظة Ceremony مراسم /احتفال Kingdom مملكة terrorism الإرهاب Beliefs معتقدات

Unit Three : Energy

Liquid /في شكل سائلسائل Geothermal حراري أرضي

Molten منصهر Pressure الضغط Pipe /ينقل بالأنابيبأنبوب Fossil fuel وقود حفري Renewable متجدد Generation توليد / جيل Geo- = earth الأرض Thermal = heat حرارة Hydroelectric power Wind turbine

محرك يعمل بقوة الرياح الطاقة الكهرومائية

Unit Four : Writers and stories

pioneer رائد attachments مرفقات devastate يدمر publisher ناشر illiteracy الأمية author مؤلف initiative مبادرة immigration الهجرة disaster كارثة catastrophe كارثة

Unit Five : Agatha Christie amnesia فقدان الذاكرة excavation التنقيب عن الآثار

insomnia أرق depression اكتئاب headquarters مركز القيادة identity الهوية secret agent عميل سري spy جاسوس espionage الجاسوسية deliberately عمدا

Unit Six : The importance of trees

cardboard ورق مقوي bark لحاء الشجر rubber مطاط / مطاطي sap عصارة plot حبكة turpentine التربنتينة roots الجذور gradual تدريجي cellular خلوي absorb يمتص

Unit Seven : Building & Engineering

privatization الخصخصة diameter قطر commuter المسافر للعمل phenomenon ظاهرة carve ينحت cliff الجرف / منحدر illuminate يضيء / ينير monument أثر prosperity الازدهار slogan شعار

Unit Eight : Stevenson: Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde admit يعترف admission اعتراف/ قبول

knock يطرق / طرقة biography سيرة شخص permanently بصفة دائمة profession مهنة recuperate يستجم/يتعافي blackmail يبتز / ابتزاز complaint شكوى commitment التزام the good side جانب الخير the evil side جانب الشر

Unit Nine : The Power of Nature

geyser نبع ماء حار eclipse كسوف/خسوف lightning البرق ultraviolet rays occur يحدث / يوجد drought الجفاف solar eclipse كسوف lunar eclipse خسوف

planet كوكب galaxy مجرة meteorite نيزك / شهاب comet مذنب evidence دليل astronomy علم الفلك barrier حاجز radiation الإشعاع meteorology علم الأرصاد hurricane إعصار

Unit Ten : Science and Scientists

Alzheimer's الزهيمر anthropologist epidemic وباء antibiotic مضاد حيوي invisible غير مرئي continental drift

battery بطارية nutritional value

biochemist عالم كيمياء حيوية oceanographer عالم محيطات

blood circulation penicillin البنسلين

[2]

location قع / ضع / ها

destination )الج١ المكصد٠ )ف٢ ايطفس

- The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake.

- Our flight will reach our destination at 7 p.m.

queue=line الآخس(طابز )كف ف اياع احدا ت

row )صف ) اياع أ الأغا٤ جبا إلى جب

-There is a long queue in front of the ticket office. - I’d like to sit in the second row.

be based on ه عتد أ قا٥ ع

be based in )ه كس في )ها عين

- His novel was based on real life. - The company is based in New York.

politics )ايطاض١ )الخاص١ بايدي١ ظا الحه

policy بدأ أ قاعد٠ طير عا ايفسد أ ايع

- He was interested in politics and was a good speaker. - Honesty is the best policy.

Kidnap = abduct يختطف غدص

hijack يختطف ضف١ أ طا٥س٠

snatch يخطف غ٤ غدص

- Two businessmen have been kidnapped by terrorists. - The plane was hijacked by two armed men. - She snatched the gun from his hand.

quiet اد٤ quite تماا / اي حد ا quit ترى / ػادز تقف

couple شج شج١ أ اثا ع احد

pair شج )غ٤ احد ه جصأ

double )ضعف )ايعدد أ ايه١

- I saw a couple of men get out of the building. -The couple were married in 1997. - She bought a pair of brown shoes. - We need double the amount we already have..

Find/found/found يجد

Found/founded/founded ؤضظ

- Researchers are hoping to find a cure for the disease. - The town was founded by English settlers. - Their marriage was founded on love and respect.

wander تح wonder /تعحبتطا٤

molten )صس )عد دزج١ حساز٠ عاي١ ج المعاد

melted غير تحد / صس

melted chocolate melted butter smelt طتدسج المعد الخا

- The snow usually melts by mid-March.

- Molten rocks rushed out of the well.

breakthrough فتح علمي physicist عالم فيزياء cancer السرطان zoologist عالم حيوان diabetes مرض السكر diabetic سكرمريض ال

Unit Eleven : The count of Monte Cristo

accuracy دقة immediate success accurate دقيق imminent danger خطر وشيك imprisonment حبس bride عروس convict يتهم bridegroom عريس marine life حياة بحرية contemporary معاصر musketeer فارس deforestation ازالة الغابات

widow ارملة desertification التصحر enthusiastic متحمس divorce يطلق envious حاقد dowry مهر playwright كاتب مسرحي treason الخيانة fiancé خطيب fiancée خطيبة

Unit Twelve : Festivals and Folk music

benefits فوائد landmark علامه بارزة-معلم

clay pots اواني فخارية loom )نول )لصناعة النسيج

celebrate يحتفل commemorate يحي ذكري

papyrus ورق البردي folk جمهور -شعبي weaving النسيج folk music موسيقي شعبية

Unit Thirteen : Women in history

inspector مفتش persuade يقنع president الرئيس alternative بديل prime minister رئيس الوزراء antiseptic مطهر coordinator منسق compassion التعاطف impression انطباع nursery school حضانة impressive مؤثر nursing تمريض Vaccination تطعيم Vaccine مصل

Unit Fourteen : Travels with My Aunt

announcement اعلان convention اتفاقية-مؤتمر

Bank balance رصيد بنك Bankrupt مفلس Bully يستأسد Bankruptcy افلاس Convention عادة –عرف spontaneously تلقائيا conventional متمسك بالتقاليد spontaneous تلقائي destination الجهة المقصودة spontaneity التلقائية

Unit Fifteen : The future of books

download يحمل من الانترنت soak ينقع أو يغمر gadget جهاز صغير roller بكرة أو اسطوانة paperback بغلاف ورق كتاب screen شاشة bleach (v) يبيض encyclopedia موسوعة mixture خليط / مزيج press (v) يضغط / يكوي an electronic book e-book reader upload يرفع علي الانترنت persevere يثابر enormity ضخامة / فداحة incentive حافز leaflets منشورات brochure كتيب به صور stationery الأدوات الكتابية bestsellers مبيعا الأفضل

`

[3]

Job )تػير إي ع تظ ك ظف١ )تجع

ب ايػدص يهطب الما

Career المطتكب ايظف / ايفتر٠ ايتي كطا

ايػدص في ظف١ ع١

- She has applied for a job with an insurance company. - He has a long career in journalism.

experience الخبر٠ )ا هتطب ايػدص عسف١

لا تحع( –خلا ع عين

experiences اقف أ تجازب أ خبرات في الحا٠

experiment تجسب١ ع١

routine ايستين اي )ا ك ب ايػدص

أعا في فظ ايقت ا(

red tape الإجسا٤ات ايسسم١زتين

- Dressing is a task which we do as a matter of routine. - We must get rid of the red tape in government offices.

mend )ك بإصلاح )غ٤ تايف أ لا ع

amend ك بإجسا٤ تعد أ تػير في ص أ قا

-The plumber came to mend the burst pipe. -The constitution was amended some time ago.

company غسن١/صخب١ accompany صطخب

-He works for a company that makes software. -It was a long trip and I was grateful for his company. -Depression is always accompanied by insomnia. find يجد

exist ه جد / عؼ

-I couldn't find Andrew's telephone number. -I don't think ghosts exist. -Few people can exist without water for almost a week.

commute from.. to .. طافس ا اي ها

commute between.. and ايع commute دفف ايعكب١

would rather + inf. تفد ايتفط

would prefer + to + inf.

would rather+inf.….than + inf. فط

prefer + v+ing. + to + v+ing

- I'd rather stay at home. = I'd prefer to stay at home. - I'd prefer not to discuss this issue. - He prefers watching football to playing it.

human / إطابػس humane عطف - The accident was the result of human error. - The refugees receive humane treatment. Fault خطأ Foul خطأ في ايساض١

I'm very sorry. It's my fault.

He had committed 3 fouls in the match.

drought الجفاف

draught. = (draft) تاز ا٤ بازد

-This year, a severe drought has ruined the crops. -Close the door, please. There's an awful draught here.

Lighting الإضا٠٤

Lightning ايبرم

-Better street lighting might help to reduce crime. -That tree was struck by lightning.

economic اقتصاد economical فس

Cure علاج Cure دا -عالج curable قاب يعلاج theory ظس١ in theory ظسا theoretical ظس theorist ؤ بظس١ theoretically ظسا Vision ج١ ظس Objection اعتراض

object to عترض Object دف -غ٤

assistance طاعد٠ Assist طاعد

Assistant طاعد Revenge اتكا

avenge تك Process ع١

Procession نب Proceed طتس

Bring up = raise - brought سب اطا

breed (v.) bred تهاثس – سب اغ١

- Buying a house is a long and complicated process. - We walked in the funeral procession for three hours. - His lawyer decided not to proceed with his case.

event incident accident حادث١ ض٤ -حدث غسب حدث ا

-The meeting with the president is a historical event. -Some incidents occur on this remote island. -He had an accident on the way home.

personal (adj.) Personnel (n.) الافساد –غ٦ ايعاين خاص -غدص

- He got a few personal problems. - I need to speak to someone in personnel.

staff stuff stiff صب -قاض يحػ ظفين١٦

- He joined the staff of the college as a professor. - He stuffed the paper into the briefcase.

ceremony احتفا funeral جاش٠ Our wedding ceremony is next Sunday.

fit suit match

تاغ ع )أغا٤( اضب )ايػه( اضب )المكاع(

● That jacket fits you perfectly. ● That blue shirt suits you. You look nice in it. ● Does this shirt match these trousers?

enthusiastic

about) enthusiast enthusiasm

حماع غدص تخظ تخظ يـ

[4]

1-All the Egyptian people, Muslims and Christians have proved over the years that they enjoy a deep rooted national unity that has never been and will never be affected by the enemies interference. يكد اثبت ن ايػعب المصس٣ ط طخ ع٢ س

ايطين ا غعبا تتع بحد٠ ط١ زاضد١ لم ي تتاثس

بتدخ الاعدا٤.

2-Globalization has its serious impact on the developing countries. These countries should start seriously to benefit from the fruits of technology and the necessity of having their grouping to face any expected monopoly. There should be fruitful cooperation and understanding among such countries. يعلم١ تأثير خطير ع٢ ايد ايا١. يجب ع٢ ر

ضتفاد٠ ثماز ايتهيجا ضسز٠ ايد أ تبدا ظد١ يلا

أ ه لها تجعا لماج١ أ٣ احتهاز تقع يجب أ ه

اى تعا جس تفا بين ر ايد.

3-The mobile phone is one of the most fabulous inventions of the present time. It is of great importance for many people like doctors, businessmen and others. On the other hand, a lot of people misuse it, so it sometimes becomes a waste of time and money. ايتف المح احد أزع الاختراعات ف٢ ايقت

الحاضس تصداد أت بػه نبير يهجير اياع ج

خس. اياح١ الأخس٣ نجير الأطبا٤ زجا الأعا آ

ا ٦ اياع ط ه قد اضتددا يريو ف أحا

.طع١ يقت الما

4-Parents shape their children’s characters from the early beginning of their childhood. They teach them values and customs. They also share their interests and games. They develop deep emotional ties with them. ػه ايايد غدص١ أبا٥ ر بدا١ طفيت ف

ع ايك ايعادات أطا ػازن الاتاات، الايعاب

. طزا ايسابط ايعاطف١ ع

5- Doctors always confirm the importance of sleep for people of all ages. They think that 7-9 hours of sleep daily is best for an adult. Babies need a lot more sleep than adults. When we sleep well, we feel comfortable and become active and alert all day. ا ع٢ أ١ اي ياع مختف ؤند الأطبا٤ دا٥

ا 9-7عاز. عتكد أ الأ ضاعات اي

الأطفا ايسضع يحتاج قدزا أنبر ع الأفط يبايػين،

ايبايػين. عدا ا جدا ػعس بايساح١ صبح ػطين

.تبين طا اي

تجد ف٢ صس ١٦ بالاان ايطاح١ الجراب١ ايت٢ لا -1

أ٣ ها آخس ع٢ ضطح الأزض.

ا بجكافات عدد٠ -2 إ قسا٠٤ الأدب ايعالم٢ تجع ايكازئ

.تفد ف٢ الحا٠

1- Egypt is full of tourist attractions which aren’t existed in any other place on earth. 2- Reading the international literature enables the reader to be aware of several cultures that help him in life.

فط بعض اياع الحا٠ ف٢ المد، با فط -1

الآخس الحا٠ ف٢ ايسف.

ا ايفسد يه٢ يحكل أداف اى صفات يجب أ تخ٢ ب -2

.ج ايصبر ق٠ الإزاد٠

1- Some people prefer to live in cites while others prefer to live in the countryside. 2- There are some qualities which person should have to achieve his goals, such as patience and strong will.

ازات -1 يكد ضحت أسم٢ ف٢ دز٠ تدزب١ خاص١ يتع

ايهبتس.

خف الجد٠ بمد٣ قدز٠ ساضا ع٢ إزضا تعسف ايص -2

.تكازس ممص٠

1- I have enrolled on a training course for a learning computer skills. 2- Good newspapers are known by how far their correspondents can send good reports.

طين اقتصادا.تع صس ع٢ شاد٠ صادزاتا يتخ -1

فاش أخ٢ بمداي١ بسص١ ف٢ دز٠ الأيعاب الأيب١ -2

ايطابك١

1- Egypt is trying to increase its exports in order to improve its economy. 2- My bother won the bronze medal in the last Olympic Games.

تك المسأ٠ المصس١ بدز فعا ف٢ ن اح٢ الحا٠ تط -1

بكدز نبير ف٢ تكد بلادا.

جعت الحاضبات الآي١ حاتا أض أفط مما نات -2

.ع ف٢ الماض٢

1- Nowadays the Egyptian woman plays an effective role in all aspects of life and participates greatly in the progress of her country. 2- Computers have made our life easier and better than before.

أ ا عد الهد٤ الا الاضتكساز يػازع المصس٣ -1

حت٢ تتخكل ايت١.

. تعا الجع اج تكد زفا بدايجب ا -2

1-We hope that calmness, security and stability will return to the Egyptian street so achieve development.

`

[5]

: ت تك ايبراجساف ع٢ ايخ ايتالى

، لحط تظ المضع تطز الأفهاز دزجتا

، لمد٣ لا١٥ ا هتب يضع دزجتا

ضلا١ لهحا١٥ لحط اختاز ايهات ضلاتا ا دزجتا

( ايته ايكاعدالج ع٢ طت٣

Water is very important. We cannot think of life without water. We need water to drink, to wash our bodies and clothes, to cook our food and to grow crops, vegetables and fruits. Water is also essential for animals, birds, reptiles, insects etc. We need huge resources يىارد of water to generate electricity on large and commercial scale عه طبق تجبري. In our body there is more than 70 per cent of water. It corresponds يتطببك يع -يتىافكwith the proportion سبت of water found on the earth; no living being يشتيع can exist تتىاجذ for long without water, the most precious liquid. We use oceans, seas, bays خهجب, rivers and lakes as waterways يراث يبئيتto carry goods, passengers etc. Lack of rains and scarcity ذرة of water cause droughts جفبف and untold لا and ثي suffering. Thus, water is very precious تعذ every drop of it should be conserved تظب

In the next few decades, a lot of countries are expected to face water shortage. This problem often results from over-population and the abuse of irrigation water. Egypt is among those countries that will suffer from lack of water. Some of the Nile Basin countries are building dams over the Nile to generate electricity that will probably reduce the third of Egypt's share of water. Yet, we've got several solutions to overcome this serious crisis. First, we must rationalize our water consumption. Second, modern ways of irrigation have to be used to preserve water. Third, we can depend on the underground water to satisfy our needs. Moreover, birth rate has to be cut down. In this way, water wasted aimlessly can be saved for the coming generation

It is clear that we are living at the age of the internet. The internet is one of the most effective means of telecommunications. It is of great benefits in our daily life. This is because of several reasons. Firstly, it helps us to communicate with our friends and relatives abroad. Secondly, it provides different information on different subjects. Thirdly, it makes us in touch with the latest current events all over the world. Fourthly, it enables us to do our shopping without travelling. Fifthly, we can play games on the internet with foreign friends. In addition to that, the internet helps us to make new friends everywhere. It has become easy for everyone to log onto the internet. The youth are crazy about it everywhere. In spite of that, the internet is of many disadvantages. It can waste our time and our money. It can spoilيفسد our young men because it shows them some bad customs and traditions of the western countries. There are people who make love stories with women on the internet. Thus, it can destroy our families. So, we should be aware of the dangers of the internet.

Rationalization means using resources wisely. In Egypt we must rationalize our consumption of everything. We must rationalize the use of energy to solve the problem of energy shortage. Rationalizing the use of water is also necessary. In the future, we will need every drop of water. Our share of the Nile water decreases while our population increases. We must rationalize our consumption of food. Every Egyptian family throws more than they eat. Rationalizing our spending is a must. The more we buy, the more prices go up. We should buy only what we need. Our savings are needed in banks to finance great projects. We should also rationalize our demands from the state. Not everything can be achieved now. We must be patient and build our country for the coming generations.

As Egyptians celebrate several festivals and holidays, Sham El-Nessim remains distinctive. The feast, which

01278092747

[6]

means in English “breathing the breeze”, is one of the few celebrations that bring both Muslim and Christians together. Sham El-Nessim fills the country’s public areas and streets with a festive spirit. Coloured eggs and salted mullets feature the occasion that dates back to the days of Ancient Egypt. Children prepare their colour sets to start their own art on the shells of white eggs. The day is usually perfect for children to put on new clothes, join their families in celebrations and display their coloured eggs in a big basket at home. Neighbours exchange visits on Monday morning. A week before Sham El-Nessim, super markets usually start displaying huge amounts of white eggs, packs of salted mullets, smoked herrings, lemons, green peppers and onions.

We all agree that we live in the age of science and modern science. There are a lot of modern discoveries and inventions. In my opinion, the most important inventions are the computer and the internet as they are used in all fields of life. Through the internet, we get information about any subject in all languages. By using the internet, we can know what is happening in any country at the same time of its occurrence حذوث. On the Internet people especially, youth can express their ideas and hopes. The importance of the internet has become clear during the 25th revolution as it was the method of communication among the protestors through Facebook websites.

Egypt, my beloved home country, is the Cradle of Civilization يهذ انحضبرة . So, I have always been thinking of it as the land of peace and love. I have always been dreaming of Egypt as the most modern and advanced country. A country in which people respect and tolerant to each other. A country in which law is applied and respected. A country in which discrimination has no place among citizens, regardless their religious or political beliefs. A country in which everyone has his work and lives in a safe home. I have been dreaming of Egypt like this as it has all the factors to be a pioneering country in all fields, with its great location and culture. Finally, I think my dream is up to achieve after the struggle of its youth to have their freedom and opportunity to live a decent life . بة كريت حي

Hard work is the most valuable possession of man. An idler depends on chance. He sits with folded hands. He waits for some golden chance that will come his way. He keeps on sitting while others keep on working hard. They are able to achieve what they want. Hard work alone can make us successful and happy. All great

men of the world did hard work. They never bothered about the nature of work. All work is noble. In fact, work is worship. If the citizens of a country are hardworking, the country will certainly progress. Japan was a backward country a few years ago. But today it is one of the most prosperous countries in the world. All this is possible by means of hard work.

Many societies reuse materials that are thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals يعبد ثيت to plastic spoons, can be reused. This recycling process extracts تستخهض the original material انبدة الأطهيت and uses it in new products. In general, using recycled materials انىاد انعبد تظيعهب to make new products costs less and requires يتطهب less energy than using new materials. The most commonly recycled waste product is printed materials. Glass is a material which is economical to recycle. The recycled glass is melted and formed into new products. Certain types of nuclear waste ىويتانفبيبث ان can be recycled. Rare materials, such as gold and silver, are recycled because getting new supplies is expensive. It reduces pollution because recycling a product creates less pollution than producing a new one. Most experts انخبراء state

ظرحىي that the economic consequences انتبئج .of recycling are positive in the long term الالتظبديت

It has become clear that the youth are the most effective power in the Egyptian society. They managed to put an end to the corrupt system and its leaders. Now the youth should first work hard to achieve success and increase production. When they graduate from their universities they have duties towards their society وطهى حى واجب نذيهى . They can share in the social work by working in the co-operative field. They can share in abolishing illiteracy تيالأي يحى in their villages. They can take part in reclaiming the desert to increase food production. They can join the army to defend their country in case there is a war. They can also help a lot in solving any problem concerning their society. They should work hard for the welfare رفبهيت of their beloved nation.

Tourism is one of the most important earners of foreign currency and national income. Tourists spend a lot of money during their stay in Egypt. They like to visit Egypt to enjoy the sun shine, and the wonderful historic places. They like to visit the Citadel, the Pyramids, Luxor and Aswan. They like to see our modern renaissance انحذيثت هضتب as well. We should do our best to encourage tourists to visit us again and again. We should establish cheap hotels and tourist villages along our shores. We should also encourage medical

`

[7]

tourism and conference tourism which is clearly successful in Sharm El-Sheikh. We should also take care of the way we deal with tourists. They should be respected and protected from being blackmailed by thugs or beggars. The more tourists come to Egypt, the more we benefit in different ways.

As long as we live, we have to think. Our life in the future will change completely. Computers and internet will occupy our life. So, instead of wasting time going here and there, we will use the internet to get our needs. Students of the future will get the information they need through their computers which will be available and within the reach of their hands. Housewives can shop through the internet and the housework will be done by certain kind of robots. Most houses will be air conditioned and people won't suffer from the heat of the sun. Our factories will be computerized. There will be better means of communications and transport. Scientists will control the weather, so there will be no floods or drought .جفبف But I think man will not change.

Over-population is a very serious problem. Egypt has been suffering from this problem for a long time now. The increase in population has led to many other problems such as shortage of food, مض انطعبو overcrowded means of transport, ازدحبو وسبئم and فرص انعم of job opportunities مض lack انىاطلاثthe problem of housingالإسكب. There aren’t enough houses, jobs or food for all people. If we continue to increase in this way, we may face starvationيجبعت. Great efforts are made to solve this problem. The government does its best to convinceتمـع the people of the importance of birth control تحذيذ انسم and family planningتظيى الأسرة. Vast areasيبطك شبسعت of the desert land have been reclaimed. New cities and communities have been built. Mass media are doing their best to persuade تمع people to participate effectively يشبركىا بظىرة فعبنت in solving this problem.

The invention of computers can be considered the most important event in the modern age. It has been the most important factor in the development in many fields. The computer has a lot of advantages. It can store a lot of information; it can do a lot of calculations in no time. It can pay wages, reserve seats on حسبببثplanes, design buildings, compose music and do many jobs. Doctors also use the computer widely in their job. But it has also some disadvantages, it can waste our time if it is used foolishly or if it is used just for fun. It has also a bad effect on our health specially our sight. It also teaches the children violence through playing computer games. So it is a double-edged weapon.

Egypt has a lot of gifts انهببث ي بكثير يظر تعى . It is rich in sunshine, water and man power. The sunshine can be a source of renewable and clean energy. It is useful for the growth of animals and plants as well. It can help in producing solar power. Thus, Egypt can be a developed country using a clean source of energy. Water is also plentiful وفير in Egypt. It can be used in planting vast areas of desert land so that we can increase our food production. There is also wind power that can provide us with clean and cheap electricity. Egypt also has man power which can be a positive productive power if it is made use of. However, if we don't employ man power in a proper way, يلائت بطريمتwe may spoil هذر our natural resources. Man is the master of all these resources. Plans should be made to benefit from man power to be able to face ي يستفيذany problem in our country.

Nowadays technology is everywhere. We all enjoy technology but in different ways. We can travel from one place to another very easily, comfortably and fast. Modern means of transport are now supplied with all means of comfort انراحت وسبئم كم . Space travel is now more possible than it used to be in the past. One day people may be able to enjoy space journeys. Technology has also played a role in medical care

انطبيت بيتانرع . Now the computer can be used to check people's health accurately. It is also used for teaching. Students can benefit from the internet in their researches as well. Mobile phones made it easy to communicate with anybody anywhere at any time. Satellite TV enabled us to see what is going on all over the world. No doubt technology has changed our life to the better.

It isn't acceptable to be in the third millennium الأنفيت ,and we still pollute our environment. Individuals انثبنثت companies and factories should find ways to control their waste. Clean streets and roads are the bad need of every citizen, so we shouldn't throw things away in the streets. There must be laws to punish those who break them. Filters should be fixed in factories to help reduce air pollution. It's our environment and everybody should do their best to live a happy life. Keeping the place clean would surely avoid us thousands of infectious diseases that may ruin our life and turn our happiness into mirage. A clean environment improves the public taste. It encourages creativity and hard work. I hope we all will do our best to keep our environment clean.

[8]

Unemployment must be rooted out تستأطم because it leads to further poverty. The government is always encouraging investors to invest their money in establishing new projects and shoulder their responsibilities يسئىنيت يتحم to provide business opportunities for youth. Giant projects such as Six October industrial city, reclaiming Sinai and others with small projects will give a hand to increase different kinds of jobs for those who need them. Banks are also important; they can lend young people small loans with slight interest to help them set up small industries all over Egypt. When we solve this pressing problem,

انهحت انشكهت we will eradicate extremity انتطرف ستأطم and terrorism among those poor young people.

Who are women? They are mothers, daughters, sisters, wives, aunts or grandmothers. God created people as either men or women. Each of them has a different nature and a different role. We all have rights and duties, وواجببث حمىق so we mustn't forget the role of women in the Egyptian society. They form more than 52% of Egypt's population. They can work as teachers, doctors, social workers and many other jobs. Women mustn't forget that bringing up children الأطفبل تربيت is their first role to create sound individuals, able to shoulder تحم their responsibilities. so we can't ignore their role in the progress of Egypt. Without all people's help women and men, we wouldn't achieve the expectations of the new millennium, انجذيذة الأنفيت

Without team work, life would be impossible. All living creatures are in need of cooperation to live. Any complex or easy job can't be successfully achieved without cooperation. Cooperation can help all countries to overcome any threat or harm which has a bad effect on their common interests. There are many situations where groups of people such as surgeons or scientists or a sports team need to cooperate to succeed. The family members also should cooperate together to lead a happy life .Animals and birds need to cooperate. To succeed, you will have to show tolerance and work with these people.

I read a wonderful book, written by Charles Dickens. Its title is Oliver Twist. Dickens wrote it in the nineteenth century. I read it last week in the school library. It is about a child who had to live in a workhouse because his mother died when he was born. In this story, Dickens shows the dark side of life in London in the nineteenth century. He describes the life of child workers and the life in the workhouse where poor people were sent to live and work. The details of

characters and the workhouse are wonderful. The characters are Oliver Twist, some members of a gang and Mr. Brownlow who will adopt Oliver. I liked this book very much as it has a moral. The moral is "Good people are rewarded while bad people are punished." Really, this is my favourite book, so I will definitely read it again.

تنبيه هام

Email أ letterايطب١ يطؤا ايجا ف٢ الاتخا اذا ناب

اصفات الإتخا :فا جا٤ بخصص ف٢

Students are asked to write a personal letter or an email. The topic of the letter / email should be self-explanatory. The name of the addressee and the sender should be mentioned, but no address is given

ايطايب نتاب١ أ١ عا ي ه طبا ع٢ را أ

.بمعني أ ايطايب بدأ باغس٠ في الخطاب أ الايم -بالمس٠