03- pcs902 line distance relay
DESCRIPTION
PCS902 Line Distance RelayTRANSCRIPT
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PCS-902
Line Distance Relay
Instruction Manual
NR Electric Co., Ltd.
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Preface
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay i
Date: 2013-12-18
Preface
Introduction
This guide and the relevant operating or service manual documentation for the equipment provide
full information on safe handling, commissioning and testing of this equipment.
Documentation for equipment ordered from NR is dispatched separately from manufactured goods
and may not be received at the same time. Therefore, this guide is provided to ensure that printed
information normally present on equipment is fully understood by the recipient.
Before carrying out any work on the equipment, the user should be familiar with the contents of
this manual, and read relevant chapter carefully.
This chapter describes the safety precautions recommended when using the equipment. Before
installing and using the equipment, this chapter must be thoroughly read and understood.
Health and Safety
The information in this chapter of the equipment documentation is intended to ensure that
equipment is properly installed and handled in order to maintain it in a safe condition.
When electrical equipment is in operation, dangerous voltages will be present in certain parts of
the equipment. Failure to observe warning notices, incorrect use, or improper use may endanger
personnel and equipment and cause personal injury or physical damage.
Before working in the terminal strip area, the equipment must be isolated.
Proper and safe operation of the equipment depends on appropriate shipping and handling,
proper storage, installation and commissioning, and on careful operation, maintenance and
servicing. For this reason, only qualified personnel may work on or operate the equipment.
Qualified personnel are individuals who:
Are familiar with the installation, commissioning, and operation of the equipment and of the
system to which it is being connected;
Are able to safely perform switching operations in accordance with accepted safety
engineering practices and are authorized to energize and de-energize equipment and to
isolate, ground, and label it;
Are trained in the care and use of safety apparatus in accordance with safety engineering
practices;
Are trained in emergency procedures (first aid).
Instructions and Warnings
The following indicators and standard definitions are used:
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Preface
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay ii
Date: 2013-12-18
DANGER!
It means that death, severe personal injury, or considerable equipment damage will occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
WARNING!
It means that death, severe personal, or considerable equipment damage could occur if safety
precautions are disregarded.
CAUTION!
It means that light personal injury or equipment damage may occur if safety precautions are
disregarded. This particularly applies to damage to the device and to resulting damage of the
protected equipment.
WARNING!
The firmware may be upgraded to add new features or enhance/modify existing features, please
make sure that the version of this manual is compatible with the product in your hand.
WARNING!
During operation of electrical equipment, certain parts of these devices are under high voltage.
Severe personal injury or significant equipment damage could result from improper behavior.
Only qualified personnel should work on this equipment or in the vicinity of this equipment. These
personnel must be familiar with all warnings and service procedures described in this manual, as
well as safety regulations.
In particular, the general facility and safety regulations for work with high-voltage equipment must
be observed. Noncompliance may result in death, injury, or significant equipment damage.
DANGER!
Never allow the current transformer (CT) secondary circuit connected to this equipment to be
opened while the primary system is live. Opening the CT circuit will produce a dangerously high
voltage.
WARNING!
Exposed terminals
Do not touch the exposed terminals of this equipment while the power is on, as the high voltage
generated is dangerous
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Preface
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay iii
Date: 2013-12-18
Residual voltage
Hazardous voltage can be present in the DC circuit just after switching off the DC power supply. It
takes a few seconds for the voltage to discharge.
CAUTION!
Earth
The earthing terminal of the equipment must be securely earthed
Operating environment
The equipment must only be used within the range of ambient environment detailed in the
specification and in an environment free of abnormal vibration.
Ratings
Before applying AC voltage and current or the DC power supply to the equipment, check that they
conform to the equipment ratings.
Printed circuit board
Do not attach and remove printed circuit boards when DC power to the equipment is on, as this
may cause the equipment to malfunction.
External circuit
When connecting the output contacts of the equipment to an external circuit, carefully check the
supply voltage used in order to prevent the connected circuit from overheating.
Connection cable
Carefully handle the connection cable without applying excessive force.
Copyright 2013 NR. All rights reserved.
We reserve all rights to this document and to the information contained herein. Improper use in particular reproduction and dissemination
to third parties is strictly forbidden except where expressly authorized.
The information in this manual is carefully checked periodically, and necessary corrections will be included in future editions. If
nevertheless any errors are detected, suggestions for correction or improvement are greatly appreciated.
We reserve the rights to make technical improvements without notice.
NR ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
69 Suyuan Avenue. Jiangning, Nanjing 211102, China
Tel: +86-25-87178185, Fax: +86-25-87178208
Website: www.nrelect.com, www.nari-relays.com
Version: R1.07
http://www.nrelect.com/http://www.nari-relays.com/ -
Preface
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay iv
Date: 2013-12-18
Documentation Structure
The manual provides a functional and technical description of this relay and a comprehensive set
of instructions for the relays use and application.
All contents provided by this manual are summarized as below:
1 Introduction
Briefly introduce the application, functions and features about this relay.
2 Technical Data
Introduce the technical data about this relay, such as electrical specifications, mechanical
specifications, ambient temperature and humidity range, communication port parameters, type
tests, setting ranges and accuracy limits and the certifications that our products have passed.
3 Operation Theory
Introduce a comprehensive and detailed functional description of all protective elements.
4 Supervision
Introduce the automatic self-supervision function of this relay.
5 Management
Introduce the management function (measurement, recording and remote control) of this relay.
6 Hardware
Introduce the main function carried out by each plug-in module of this relay and providing the
definition of pins of each plug-in module.
7 Settings
List settings including system settings, communication settings, label settings, logic links and etc.,
and some notes about the setting application.
8 Human Machine Interface
Introduce the hardware of the human machine interface (HMI) module and a detailed guide for the
user how to use this relay through HMI. It also lists all the information which can be view through
HMI, such as settings, measurements, all kinds of reports etc.
9 Configurable Function
Introduce configurable function of the device and all configurable signals are listed.
10 Communication
Introduce the communication port and protocol which this relay can support, IEC60970-5-103,
IEC61850 and DNP3.0 protocols are introduced in details.
11 Installation
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Preface
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay v
Date: 2013-12-18
Introduce the recommendations on unpacking, handling, inspection and storage of this relay. A
guide to the mechanical and electrical installation of this relay is also provided, incorporating
earthing recommendations. A typical wiring connection to this relay is indicated.
12 Commissioning
Introduce how to commission this relay, comprising checks on the calibration and functionality of
this relay.
13 Maintenance
A general maintenance policy for this relay is outlined.
14 Decommissioning and Disposal
A general decommissioning and disposal policy for this relay is outlined.
15 Manual Version History
List the instruction manual version and the modification history records.
Typographic and Graphical Conventions
Deviations may be permitted in drawings and tables when the type of designator can be obviously
derived from the illustration.
The following symbols are used in drawings:
&
AND gate
1
OR gate
Comparator
BI Binary signal via opto-coupler
SET I>Input signal from comparator with setting
EN Input signal of logic setting for function enabling
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Preface
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay vi
Date: 2013-12-18
SIG Input of binary signal except those signals via opto-coupler
XXXOutput signal
t
t
Timer
Timer (optional definite-time or inverse-time characteristic)
10ms 0ms
Timer [delay pickup (10ms), delay dropoff (0ms), non-settable]
[XXX] 0ms
Timer (delay pickup, settable)
0ms [XXX]
Timer (delay dropoff, settable)
[XXX] [XXX]
Timer (delay pickup, delay dropoff, settable)
IDMT
Timer (inverse-time characteristic)
---xxx is the symbol
Symbol Corresponding Relationship
Basic Example
A, B, C L1, L2, L3 Ia, Ib, Ic, I0 IL1, IL2, IL3, IN
AN, BN, CN L1N, L2N, L3N Ua, Ub, Uc VL1, VL2, VL3
ABC L123 Uab, Ubc, Uca VL12, VL23, VL31
U (voltage) V U0, U1, U2 VN, V1, V2
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-a
Date: 2013-09-05
1 Introduction
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 1-a
1.1 Application ....................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 Function ........................................................................................................... 1-3
1.3 Features ........................................................................................................... 1-6
List of Figures
Figure 1.1-1 Typical application of PCS-902 ............................................................................ 1-1
Figure 1.1-2 Functional diagram of PCS-902 ........................................................................... 1-2
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-b Date: 2013-09-05
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-1
Date: 2013-09-05
1.1 Application
PCS-902 is a digital line distance protection with the main and back-up protection functions, which
is designed for overhead line or cables and hybrid transmission lines of various voltage levels.
Optical fibre channel or PLC channel
Communication channel via direct dedicated fibre, MUX or PLC
52
PCS-902PCS-902
52
Figure 1.1-1 Typical application of PCS-902
Main protection of PCS-902 comprises of pilot distance protection (PUTT, POTT, blocking and
unblocking) and pilot directional earth-fault protection (selectable for independent communication
channel or sharing channel with POTT), which can clear any internal fault instantaneously for the
whole line with the aid of protection signal. DPFC distance protection can perform extremely high
speed operation for close-up faults. There is direct transfer trip (DTT) feature incorporated in the
relay.
PCS-902 also includes distance protection (3 forward zones and 1 reverse zone distance
protection with selectable mho or quadrilateral characteristic), 4 stages directional earth fault
protection, 4 stages directional phase overcurrent protection, 2 stages voltage protection
(under/over voltage protection), 4 stages frequency protection (under/over frequency protection),
broken conductor protection, pole discrepancy protection, breaker failure protection, thermal
overload protection, and dead zone protection etc. Morever, a backup overcurrent and earth fault
protection will be automatically enabled when VT circuit fails. In addition, stub overcurrent
protection is provided for one and a half breakers arrangement when transmission line is put into
maintenance.
PCS-902 has selectable mode of single-phase tripping or three-phase tripping and configurable
auto-reclosing mode for 1-pole, 3-poles and 1/3-pole operation.
PCS-902 with appropriate selection of integrated protection functions can be applied for various
voltage levels and primary equipment such as cables, overhead lines, interconnectors and
transformer feeder, etc. It also supports configurable binary inputs, binary outputs, LEDs and IEC
61850 protocol.
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-2 Date: 2013-09-05
BUS
LINE
25
FR
FL
52
85 21
Data Transmitt/Receive
27
59
50BF67P21D 67G
50STB (Only for one and a half breakers arrangement)
50G
51G
50P
51P
79SOTF
49 46BC
81
50GVT 50PVT 62PD
50DZ
Figure 1.1-2 Functional diagram of PCS-902
No. Function ANSI
1 Pilot protection 85
2 DPFC distance protection 21D
3 Distance protection 21
4 Earth fault protection 67G
5 Definite-time earth-fault protection 50G
6 Inverse-time earth-fault protection 51G
8 Phase overcurrent protection 67P
9 Definite-time phase overcurrent protection 50P
10 Inverse-time phase overcurrent protection 51P
11 Overvoltage protection 59
12 Undervoltage protection 27
13 Frequency protection 81
14 Broken conductor protection 46BC
15 Breaker failure protection 50BF
16 Thermal overload protection 49
17 Stub overcurrent protection 50STB
18 Dead zone protection 50DZ
19 Pole discrepancy protection 62PD
20 Switch onto fault SOTF
21 Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure 50PVT
22 Earth fault protection when VT circuit failure 50GVT
23 Synchronism check 25
24 Automatic reclosure 79
25 Fault recorder FR
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-3
Date: 2013-09-05
26 Fault location FL
1.2 Function
1. Protection Function
Distance protection
Three zones forward phase-to-ground distance elements (mho or quadrilateral
characteristic)
One pilot zone phase-to-ground distance element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
with weakinfeed distance element
One zone reverse phase-to-ground distance element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
Three zones forward phase-to-phase distance elements (mho or quadrilateral
characteristic)
One pilot zone phase-to-phase distance element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
with weakinfeed distance element
One zone reverse phase-to-phase distance element (mho or quadrilateral characteristic)
Load encroachment for mho and quadrilateral characteristic distance element
Power swing blocking releasing, selectable for each of above mentioned zones
Deviation of Power Frequency Component (DPFC) distance protection
Current protection
Four stages phase overcurrent protection, selectable time characteristic (definite-time or
inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, reverse direction or non-directional)
Four stages directional earth fault protection, selectable time characteristic (definite-time
or inverse-time) and directionality (forward direction, reverse direction or non-directional)
Breaker failure protection
Optional instantaneously re-tripping
One stage with two delay timers
Thermal overload protection
Stub overcurrent protection
Dead zone protection
Pole discrepancy protection
Broken conductor protection
Switch onto fault (SOTF)
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-4 Date: 2013-09-05
Via distance measurement elements
Via dedicated earth fault element
Backup protection when VT circuit failure
Phase overcurrent protection when VT circuit failure
Earth fault protection when VT circuit failure
Voltage protection
Two stages overvoltage protection
Two stages undervoltage protection
Frequency protection
Four stages overfrequency protection
Four stages underfrequency protection
f/dt block criterion for underfrequency protection
Control function
Synchro-checking
Automatic reclosure (single shot or multi-shot (max. 4) for 1-pole AR and 3-pole AR)
Pilot scheme logic
Phase-segregated communication logic of distance protection
Weak infeed logic of pilot distance protection
Weak infeed logic of pilot directional earth fault protection
Communication scheme of optical pilot channel (Optional)
Direct optical link
Connection to a communication network, support G.703 and C37.94 protocol
Dual-channels redundancy
2. Measurement and control function
Remote control (open and closing)
Synchronism check for remote and manual closing (only for one circuit breaker)
Energy metering (active and reactive energy are calculated in import respectively export
direction)
3. Logic
User programmable logic
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-5
Date: 2013-09-05
4. Additional function
Fault location
Fault phase selection
Parallel line compensation for fault location
VT circuit supervision
CT circuit supervision
Self diagnostic
DC power supply supervision
Event Recorder including 1024 disturbance records, 1024 binary events, 1024 supervision
events, 256 control logs and 1024 device logs.
Disturbance recorder including 32 disturbance records with waveforms (The file format of
disturbance recorder is compatible with international COMTRADE file.)
Four kinds of clock synchronization methods
Conventional
PPS (RS-485): Pulse per second (PPS) via RS-485 differential level
IRIG-B (RS-485): IRIG-B via RS-485 differential level
PPM (DIN): Pulse per minute (PPM) via the optical coupler
PPS (DIN): Pulse per second (PPS) via the optical coupler
SAS
SNTP (PTP): Unicast (point-to-point) SNTP mode via Ethernet network
SNTP (BC): Broadcast SNTP mode via Ethernet network
Message (IEC103): Clock messages through IEC103 protocol
Advanced
IEEE1588: Clock message via IEEE1588
IRIG-B (Fiber): IRIG-B via optical-fibre interface
PPS (Fiber) PPS: Pulse per second (PPS) via optical-fibre interface
NoTimeSync
5. Monitoring
Number of circuit breaker operation (single-phase tripping, three-phase tripping and
reclosing)
Channel status
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-6 Date: 2013-09-05
Frequency
6. Communication
Optional 2 RS-485 communication rear ports conform to IEC 60870-5-103 protocol
1 RS-485 communication rear ports for clock synchronization
Optional 2 or 4 Ethernet ports (depend on the chosen type of MON plug-in module) conform
to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0 protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over TCP/IP
Optional 2 Ethernet ports via optic fiber (ST interface) conform to IEC 61850 protocol, DNP3.0
protocol or IEC 60870-5-103 protocol over TCP/IP
GOOSE and SV communication function (optional NET-DSP plug-in module)
7. User Interface
Friendly HMI interface with LCD and 9-button keypad on the front panel.
1 front multiplex RJ45 port for testing and setting
1 RS-232 or RS-485 rear ports for printer
Language switchoverEnglish+ selected language
Auxiliary softwarePCS-Explorer
1.3 Features
The intelligent device integrated with protection, control and monitor provides powerful
protection function, flexible protection configuration, user programmable logic and
configurable binary input and binary output, which can meet with various application
requirements.
High-performance hardware platform and modularized design, MCU (management control
unit)DSP (digital signal processor). MCU manages general fault detector element and DSP
manages protection and metering. Their data acquisition system is completely independent in
electronic circuit. DC power supply of output relay is controlled by the operation of fault
detector element operates, this prevents maloperation due to error from ADC or damage of
any apparatus.
Fast fault clearance for faults within the protected line, the operating time is less than 10 ms
for close-up faults, less than 15ms for faults in the middle portion of protected line and less
than 25ms for remote end faults.
The unique DPFC distance element integrated in the protective device provides extremely
high speed operation and insensitive to power swing.
Self-adaptive floating threshold which only reflects deviation of power frequency component
improves the protection sensitivity and stability under the condition of load fluctuation and
system disturbance.
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-7
Date: 2013-09-05
Advanced and reliable power swing blocking releasing feature which ensure distance
protection operate correctly for internal fault during power swing and prevent distance
protection from maloperation during power swing
Flexible automatic reclosure supports various initiation modes and check modes
Multiple setting groups with password protection and setting value saved permanently before
modification
Powerful PC tool software can fulfill protection function configuration, modify setting and
waveform analysis.
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1 Introduction
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 1-8 Date: 2013-09-05
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2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-a
Date: 2013-09-05
2 Technical Data
Table of Contents
2 Technical Data .................................................................................. 2-a
2.1 Electrical Specifications ................................................................................. 2-1
2.1.1 AC Current Input ................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.2 AC Voltage Input ................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.3 Power Supply ..................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1.4 Binary Input ........................................................................................................................ 2-1
2.1.5 Binary Output ..................................................................................................................... 2-2
2.2 Mechanical Specifications ............................................................................. 2-3
2.3 Ambient Temperature and Humidity Range .................................................. 2-3
2.4 Communication Port ....................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.1 EIA-485 Port ...................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.2 Ethernet Port ...................................................................................................................... 2-3
2.4.3 Optical Fibre Port ............................................................................................................... 2-4
2.4.4 Print Port ............................................................................................................................ 2-5
2.4.5 Clock Synchronization Port ................................................................................................ 2-5
2.5 Type Tests ........................................................................................................ 2-5
2.5.1 Environmental Tests ........................................................................................................... 2-5
2.5.2 Mechanical Tests................................................................................................................ 2-5
2.5.3 Electrical Tests ................................................................................................................... 2-5
2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility ............................................................................................ 2-5
2.6 Certifications ................................................................................................... 2-6
2.7 Terminals ......................................................................................................... 2-7
2.8 Measurement Scope and Accuracy ............................................................... 2-7
2.9 Management Function .................................................................................... 2-7
2.9.1 Control Performance .......................................................................................................... 2-7
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2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-b
Date: 2013-09-05
2.9.2 Clock Performance ............................................................................................................ 2-7
2.9.3 Fault and Disturbance Recording ....................................................................................... 2-8
2.9.4 Binary Input Signal ............................................................................................................. 2-8
2.10 Protective Functions ..................................................................................... 2-8
2.10.1 Fault Detector .................................................................................................................. 2-8
2.10.2 Distance Protection .......................................................................................................... 2-8
2.10.3 Phase Overcurrent Protection .......................................................................................... 2-8
2.10.4 Earth Fault Protection ...................................................................................................... 2-8
2.10.5 Overvoltage Protection..................................................................................................... 2-9
2.10.6 Undervoltage Protection ................................................................................................... 2-9
2.10.7 Overfrequency Protection ................................................................................................ 2-9
2.10.8 Underfrequency Protection .............................................................................................. 2-9
2.10.9 Breaker Failure Protection ............................................................................................... 2-9
2.10.10 Thermal Overload Protection ....................................................................................... 2-10
2.10.11 Stub Overcurrent Protection ......................................................................................... 2-10
2.10.12 Dead Zone Protection .................................................................................................. 2-10
2.10.13 Pole Discrepancy Protection ........................................................................................ 2-10
2.10.14 Broken Conductor Protection ....................................................................................... 2-10
2.10.15 Auto-reclosing .............................................................................................................. 2-11
2.10.16 Transient Overreach .................................................................................................... 2-11
2.10.17 Fault Locator ................................................................................................................ 2-11
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2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-1
Date: 2013-09-05
2.1 Electrical Specifications
2.1.1 AC Current Input
Phase rotation ABC
Nominal frequency (fn) 50Hz, 60Hz
Rated current (In) 1A 5A
Linear to 0.05In~40In (It should measure current without beyond full scale
against 20 times of related current and value of DC offset by 100%.)
Thermal withstand
-continuously
-for 10s
-for 1s
-for half a cycle
4In
30In
100In
250In
Burden < 0.15VA/phase @In < 0.25VA/phase @In
Number Up to 7 current input according to various applications
2.1.2 AC Voltage Input
Phase rotation ABC
Nominal frequency (fn) 50Hz, 60Hz
Rated voltage (Un) 100V~130V
Linear to 1V~170V
Thermal withstand
-continuously
-10s
-1s
200V
260V
300V
Burden at rated < 0.20VA/phase @Un
Number Up to 6 voltage input according to various applications
2.1.3 Power Supply
Standard IEC 60255-11:2008
Rated voltage 110Vdc/125Vdc/220Vdc/250Vdc
Permissible voltage range 88~300Vdc
Permissible AC ripple voltage 15% of the nominal auxiliary voltage
Burden
Quiescent condition
Operating condition
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2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-2
Date: 2013-09-05
Maximum permissible voltage 100Vdc
Withstand voltage 2000Vac, 2800Vdc (continuously )
Response time for logic input 1ms
Number Up to 36 binary input according to various hardware configurations
Rated voltage 110Vdc 125Vdc 220Vdc 250Vdc
Rated current drain 1.1mA 1.25mA 2.2mA 2.5mA
Pickup voltage 77-132Vdc 87.5-150Vdc 154-264Vdc 175-300Vdc
Dropoff voltage
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2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-3
Date: 2013-09-05
Dropoff time
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2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-4
Date: 2013-09-05
Transmission rate 100Mbits/s
Transmission standard 100Base-TX 100Base-FX
Transmission distance
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2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-5
Date: 2013-09-05
Minimum receiving power Min. -25.0dBm
Margin Min +3.0dB
2.4.4 Print Port
Type RS-232
Baud Rate 4.8kbit/s, 9.6kbit/s, 19.2kbit/s, 38.4kbit/s, 57.6kbit/s, 115.2kbit/s
Printer type EPSON 300K printer
Safety level Isolation to ELV level
2.4.5 Clock Synchronization Port
Type RS-485
Transmission distance 100M@500VDC
2.5.4 Electromagnetic Compatibility
1MHz burst disturbance test
IEC 60255-22-1:2007
Common mode: class 2.5kV
Differential mode: class 1.0kV
Electrostatic discharge test
IEC60255-22-2:2008 class
For contact discharge: 8kV
For air discharge: 15kV
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2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-6
Date: 2013-09-05
Radio frequency interference tests
IEC 60255-22-3:2007 class
Frequency sweep
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80~1000MHz
Spot frequency
Radiated amplitude-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=80MHz/160MHz/450MHz/900MHz
Radiated pulse-modulated
10V/m (rms), f=900MHz
Fast transient disturbance tests
IEC 60255-22-4:2008
Power supply, I/O, Earth: class , 4kV, 2.5kHz, 5/50ns
Communication terminals: class , 2kV, 5kHz, 5/50ns
Surge immunity test
IEC 60255-22-5:2008
Power supply, AC input, I/O port: class , 1.2/50us
Common mode: 4kV
Differential mode: 2kV
Conducted RF Electromagnetic
Disturbance
IEC 60255-22-6:2001
Power supply, AC, I/O, Comm. Terminal: Class , 10Vrms, 150
kHz~80MHz
Power Frequency Magnetic Field
Immunity
IEC 61000-4-8:2001
class , 100A/m for 1min, 1000A/m for 3s
Pulse Magnetic Field Immunity IEC 61000-4-9:2001
class , 6.4/16s, 1000A/m for 3s
Damped oscillatory magnetic field
immunity
IEC 61000-4-10:2001
class , 100kHz & 1MHz100A/m
Auxiliary power supply performance
- Voltage dips
-Voltage short interruptions
IEC60255-11: 2008
Up to 200ms for dips to 40% of rated voltage without reset
100ms for interruption without rebooting
2.6 Certifications
ISO9001:2008
ISO14001:2004
OHSAS18001:2007
ISO10012:2003
CMMI L4
EMC: 2004/108/EC, EN50263:1999
Products safety(PS): 2006/95/EC, EN61010-1:2001
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2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-7
Date: 2013-09-05
2.7 Terminals
Connection Type Wire Size
AC current
Crimp terminals, 1.5mm2~4.0mm
2 lead
If using 4.0mm2 lead, only dedicated terminal cable lug provided by NR
can be adopted.
AC voltage Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm
2 lead
Power supply Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm
2 lead
Contact I/O Crimp terminals, 1.0mm2~2.5mm
2 lead
Grounding (Earthing) Connection BVR type, 2.5mm~6.0mm2
lead
2.8 Measurement Scope and Accuracy
Item Range Accuracy
Phase range 0 ~ 360 3
Frequency fn3 Hz 0.02Hz
Currents from protection measurement current transformers
Current 0.05~5.00In 2.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In)
2.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In)
Voltage 0.05~1.50Un 1.0% of rating (0.05~1.00Un)
1.0% of applied quantities (1.00~1.50Un)
Active power (W) 0.05~1.50Un
0.05~5.00In
3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
Reactive power (VAr) 0.05~1.50Un
0.05~5.00In
3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
Apparent power (VA) 0.05~1.50Un
0.05~5.00In
3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
Energy (Wh) 0.05~1.50Un
0.05~5.00In
3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
Energy (VAh) 0.05~1.50Un
0.05~5.00In
3.0% of rating (0.05~1.00In, 0.05~1.00Un)
3.0% of applied quantities (1.00~5.00In, 1.00~1.50Un)
2.9 Management Function
2.9.1 Control Performance
Control mode Local or remote
Accuracy of local control 1s
Accuracy of remote control 3s
2.9.2 Clock Performance
Real time clock accuracy 3s/day
Accuracy of GPS synchronization 1ms
External time synchronization IRIG-B (200-98), PPS, IEEE1588 or SNTP protocol
-
2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-8
Date: 2013-09-05
2.9.3 Fault and Disturbance Recording
Maximum duration 10000 sampled points (24 sampled points per cycle)
Recording position 10 cycles before pickup of trigger element
2.9.4 Binary Input Signal
Resolution of binary input signal 1ms
Binary input mode Potential-free contact
Resolution of SOE 2ms
2.10 Protective Functions
2.10.1 Fault Detector
2.10.1.1 DPFC Current Element
Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy 2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
2.10.1.2 Residual Current Element
Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy 2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
2.10.1.3 Overvoltage Element
Setting range Un~2Unn (V)
Accuracy 2.5% of setting or 0.01Un, whichever is greater
2.10.2 Distance Protection
Setting range (0.000~4Unn)/In (ohm)
Accuracy 2.5% of setting or 0.1/In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 105%
Time delay 0.000~10.000 (s)
Accuracy 1%Setting+30ms
2.10.3 Phase Overcurrent Protection
Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)
Accuracy 2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~20.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) 1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) 2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater
(for current between 1.2 and 20 multiples of pickup)
2.10.4 Earth Fault Protection
Setting range 0.050In~30.000In (A)
-
2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-9
Date: 2013-09-05
Accuracy 2.5% of setting or 0.02In whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~20.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) 1% of Setting+30ms (at 2 times current setting)
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) 2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater
(for current between 1.2 and 20 multiples of pickup)
2.10.5 Overvoltage Protection
Setting range Un~2Unn (V)
Accuracy 2.5% of setting or 0.01Un, whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~30.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) 1% of Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times voltage setting)
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) 2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater
(for voltage between 1.2 and 2 multiples of pickup)
2.10.6 Undervoltage Protection
Setting range 0~Unn (V)
Accuracy 2.5% of setting or 0.01Un, whichever is greater
Resetting ratio 105%
Time delay 0.000~30.000 (s)
Accuracy (definite-time characteristic) 1%Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times voltage setting)
Accuracy (inverse-time characteristic) 2.5% operating time or 30ms, whichever is greater
(for voltage between 0.5 and 0.8 multiples of pickup)
2.10.7 Overfrequency Protection
Setting range 50.00~65.00 (Hz)
Accuracy 0.02Hz
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~100.000 (s)
Accuracy 1%Setting+30ms (at 1.2 times frequency setting)
2.10.8 Underfrequency Protection
Setting range 45.00~ 60.00 (Hz)
Accuracy 0.02Hz
Resetting ratio 105%
Time delay 0.000s ~ 100.000 (s)
Accuracy 1%Setting+30ms (at 0.8 times frequency setting)
df/dt blocking setting range 0.200~20.000 (Hz/s)
Accuracy 0.02Hz/s
2.10.9 Breaker Failure Protection
Pick-up time
-
2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-10
Date: 2013-09-05
Drop-off time
-
2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-11
Date: 2013-09-05
Resetting ratio 95%
Time delay 0.000~600.000 (s)
Accuracy 1% of Setting+30ms
2.10.15 Auto-reclosing
Phase difference setting range 0~89 (Deg)
Accuracy 2.0Deg
Voltage difference setting range 0.02Un~0.8Un (V)
Accuracy Max(0.01Un, 2.5%)
Frequency difference setting range 0.02~1 (Hz)
Accuracy 0.01Hz
Operating time of synchronism check 1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of energizing check 1%Setting+20ms
Operating time of auto-reclosing 1%Setting+20ms
2.10.16 Transient Overreach
Tolerance for all high-speed protection 2%
2.10.17 Fault Locator
Accuracy for multi-phase faults with single end feed < 2.5%
Tolerance will be higher in case of single-phase fault with high ground resistance.
-
2 Technical Data
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 2-12
Date: 2013-09-05
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-a
Date: 2013-12-25
3 Operation Theory
Table of Contents
3 Operation Theory ............................................................................. 3-a
3.1 System Parameters ......................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.1 General Application ............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.1.2 Function Description .......................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1.3 Settings .............................................................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Line Parameters .............................................................................................. 3-1
3.2.1 General Application ............................................................................................................ 3-1
3.2.2 Function Description .......................................................................................................... 3-2
3.2.3 Settings .............................................................................................................................. 3-2
3.3 Circuit Breaker Position Supervision ............................................................ 3-2
3.3.1 General Application ............................................................................................................ 3-2
3.3.2 Function Description .......................................................................................................... 3-2
3.3.3 Function Block Diagram ..................................................................................................... 3-3
3.3.4 I/O Signals ......................................................................................................................... 3-4
3.3.5 Logic .................................................................................................................................. 3-4
3.3.6 Settings .............................................................................................................................. 3-5
3.4 Fault Detector (FD) .......................................................................................... 3-5
3.4.1 Application.......................................................................................................................... 3-5
3.4.2 Fault Detector in Fault Detector DSP ................................................................................. 3-5
3.4.3 Protection Fault Detector in Protection Calculation DSP ................................................... 3-8
3.4.4 Function Block Diagram ..................................................................................................... 3-9
3.4.5 I/O Signals ......................................................................................................................... 3-9
3.4.6 Logic .................................................................................................................................. 3-9
3.4.7 Settings ............................................................................................................................ 3-10
3.5 Auxiliary Element .......................................................................................... 3-10
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-b
Date: 2013-12-25
3.5.1 General Application .......................................................................................................... 3-10
3.5.2 Function Description ........................................................................................................ 3-10
3.5.3 Function Block Diagram ................................................................................................... 3-13
3.5.4 I/O Signals ....................................................................................................................... 3-14
3.5.5 Logic ................................................................................................................................ 3-16
3.5.6 Settings ............................................................................................................................ 3-19
3.6 Distance Protection ...................................................................................... 3-21
3.6.1 General Application .......................................................................................................... 3-21
3.6.2 Function Description ........................................................................................................ 3-21
3.6.3 DPFC Distance Protection ............................................................................................... 3-29
3.6.4 Load Encroachment ......................................................................................................... 3-33
3.6.5 Mho Distance Protection .................................................................................................. 3-35
3.6.6 Quadrilateral Distance Protection .................................................................................... 3-50
3.6.7 Pilot Distance Zone .......................................................................................................... 3-60
3.6.8 Power Swing Detection .................................................................................................... 3-63
3.6.9 Power Swing Blocking Releasing ..................................................................................... 3-64
3.6.10 Distance SOTF Protection ............................................................................................. 3-70
3.7 Optical Pilot Channel (Option) ..................................................................... 3-75
3.7.1 General Application .......................................................................................................... 3-75
3.7.2 Function Description ........................................................................................................ 3-75
3.7.3 Function Block Diagram ................................................................................................... 3-80
3.7.4 I/O Signals ....................................................................................................................... 3-80
3.7.5 Logic ................................................................................................................................ 3-82
3.7.6 Settings ............................................................................................................................ 3-82
3.8 Pilot Distance Protection .............................................................................. 3-82
3.8.1 General Application .......................................................................................................... 3-82
3.8.2 Function Description ........................................................................................................ 3-83
3.8.3 Function Block Diagram ................................................................................................... 3-93
3.8.4 I/O Signals ....................................................................................................................... 3-93
3.8.5 Settings ............................................................................................................................ 3-94
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-c
Date: 2013-12-25
3.9 Pilot Directional Earth-fault Protection ....................................................... 3-95
3.9.1 General Application .......................................................................................................... 3-95
3.9.2 Function Description ........................................................................................................ 3-96
3.9.3 Function Block Diagram ................................................................................................. 3-101
3.9.4 I/O Signals ..................................................................................................................... 3-101
3.9.5 Settings .......................................................................................................................... 3-102
3.10 Current Direction....................................................................................... 3-103
3.10.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-103
3.10.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-103
3.10.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-108
3.10.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-108
3.10.5 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-109
3.11 Phase Overcurrent Protection ................................................................. 3-109
3.11.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-109
3.11.2 Function Description..................................................................................................... 3-109
3.11.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-112
3.11.4 I/O Signals .................................................................................................................... 3-112
3.11.5 Logic............................................................................................................................. 3-113
3.11.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-113
3.12 Earth Fault Protection ................................................................................ 3-117
3.12.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-117
3.12.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-117
3.12.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-119
3.12.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-120
3.12.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-120
3.12.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-121
3.13 Overcurrent Protection for VT Circuit Failure ........................................ 3-125
3.13.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-125
3.13.2 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-126
3.13.3 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-126
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-d
Date: 2013-12-25
3.13.4 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-127
3.13.5 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-127
3.14 Residual Current SOTF Protection .......................................................... 3-128
3.14.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-128
3.14.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-128
3.14.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-128
3.14.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-128
3.14.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-129
3.14.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-129
3.15 Voltage Protection ..................................................................................... 3-129
3.15.1 Overvoltage Protection................................................................................................. 3-130
3.15.2 Undervoltage Protection ............................................................................................... 3-136
3.16 Frequency Protection ............................................................................... 3-142
3.16.1 Overfrequency Protection ............................................................................................ 3-142
3.16.2 Underfrequency Protection .......................................................................................... 3-146
3.17 Breaker Failure Protection ....................................................................... 3-151
3.17.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-151
3.17.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-151
3.17.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-152
3.17.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-153
3.17.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-154
3.17.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-155
3.18 Thermal Overload Protection ................................................................... 3-155
3.18.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-155
3.18.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-156
3.18.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-157
3.18.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-157
3.18.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-158
3.18.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-159
3.19 Stub Overcurrent Protection .................................................................... 3-159
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-e
Date: 2013-12-25
3.19.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-159
3.19.2 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-160
3.19.3 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-160
3.19.4 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-161
3.19.5 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-161
3.20 Dead Zone Protection ............................................................................... 3-162
3.20.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-162
3.20.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-162
3.20.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-162
3.20.4 I/O Signal ..................................................................................................................... 3-162
3.20.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-163
3.20.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-163
3.21 Pole Discrepancy Protection .................................................................... 3-163
3.21.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-163
3.21.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-164
3.21.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-164
3.21.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-164
3.21.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-164
3.21.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-165
3.22 Broken Conductor Protection .................................................................. 3-165
3.22.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-165
3.22.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-166
3.22.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-166
3.22.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-166
3.22.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-167
3.22.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-167
3.23 Synchrocheck ........................................................................................... 3-168
3.23.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-168
3.23.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-168
3.23.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-171
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-f
Date: 2013-12-25
3.23.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-171
3.23.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-172
3.23.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-174
3.24 Automatic Reclosure ................................................................................ 3-175
3.24.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-175
3.24.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-176
3.24.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-177
3.24.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-177
3.24.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-179
3.24.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-191
3.25 Transfer Trip .............................................................................................. 3-193
3.25.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-193
3.25.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-193
3.25.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-193
3.25.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-193
3.25.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-194
3.25.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-194
3.26 Trip Logic ................................................................................................... 3-194
3.26.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-194
3.26.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-194
3.26.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-195
3.26.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-195
3.26.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-196
3.26.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-200
3.27 VT Circuit Supervision .............................................................................. 3-200
3.27.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-200
3.27.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-201
3.27.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-201
3.27.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-201
3.27.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-202
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-g
Date: 2013-12-25
3.27.6 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-203
3.28 CT Circuit Supervision ............................................................................. 3-203
3.28.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-203
3.28.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-203
3.28.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-203
3.28.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-204
3.28.5 Logic ............................................................................................................................ 3-204
3.29 Control and Synchrocheck for Manual Closing ..................................... 3-204
3.29.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-204
3.29.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-204
3.29.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-211
3.29.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-211
3.29.5 Settings ........................................................................................................................ 3-213
3.30 Faulty Phase Selection ............................................................................. 3-214
3.30.1 General Application ...................................................................................................... 3-214
3.30.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-215
3.30.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-216
3.30.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-216
3.31 Fault Location ........................................................................................... 3-217
3.31.1 Application .................................................................................................................... 3-217
3.31.2 Function Description .................................................................................................... 3-217
3.31.3 Function Block Diagram ............................................................................................... 3-220
3.31.4 I/O Signals ................................................................................................................... 3-220
List of Figures
Figure 3.3-1 Logic diagram of CB position supervision......................................................... 3-4
Figure 3.3-2 Logic diagram of trip&closing circuit supervision ............................................ 3-5
Figure 3.4-1 Flow chart of protection program ....................................................................... 3-8
Figure 3.4-2 Logic diagram of fault detector ........................................................................... 3-9
Figure 3.5-1 Logic diagram of auxiliary element ................................................................... 3-19
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-h
Date: 2013-12-25
Figure 3.6-1 Protected reach of distance protection for each zone .................................... 3-22
Figure 3.6-2 Operating time of single-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1) ......................................... 3-23
Figure 3.6-3 Operating time of single-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1) ......................................... 3-24
Figure 3.6-4 Operating time of two-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1) ............................................. 3-24
Figure 3.6-5 Operating time of two-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1) ............................................. 3-25
Figure 3.6-6 Operating time of three-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=1) .......................................... 3-25
Figure 3.6-7 Operating time of three-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=1) .......................................... 3-26
Figure 3.6-8 Operating time of single-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30) ....................................... 3-26
Figure 3.6-9 Operating time of single-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30) ....................................... 3-27
Figure 3.6-10 Operating time of two-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30) ......................................... 3-27
Figure 3.6-11 Operating time of two-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30) ......................................... 3-28
Figure 3.6-12 Operating time of three-phase fault (50Hz, SIR=30) ...................................... 3-28
Figure 3.6-13 Operating time of three-phase fault (60Hz, SIR=30) ...................................... 3-29
Figure 3.6-14 Operation characteristic for forward fault ...................................................... 3-30
Figure 3.6-15 Operation characteristic for reverse fault ...................................................... 3-31
Figure 3.6-16 Logic diagram of DPFC distance protection .................................................. 3-32
Figure 3.6-17 Distance element with load trapezoid ............................................................. 3-33
Figure 3.6-18 Phase-to-ground operation characteristic for forward fault ......................... 3-35
Figure 3.6-19 Phase-to-phase operation characteristic for forward fault ........................... 3-36
Figure 3.6-20 Operation characteristic for reverse fault ...................................................... 3-38
Figure 3.6-21 Steady-state characteristic of three-phase short-circuit fault ...................... 3-38
Figure 3.6-22 Operation characteristic of three-phase close up short-circuit fault ........... 3-39
Figure 3.6-23 Shift impedance characteristic of zone 1 and zone 2 .................................... 3-40
Figure 3.6-24 Operation characteristic of reverse Z4 distance protection ......................... 3-41
Figure 3.6-25 Logic diagram of enabling distance protection (Mho) .................................. 3-43
Figure 3.6-26 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 1) ...................................... 3-43
Figure 3.6-27 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 2) ...................................... 3-44
Figure 3.6-28 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 3) ...................................... 3-45
Figure 3.6-29 Logic diagram of distance protection (Mho zone 4) ...................................... 3-46
Figure 3.6-30 Quadrilateral forward distance element characteristics ............................... 3-50
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-i
Date: 2013-12-25
Figure 3.6-31 Quadrilateral reverse distance element characteristic .................................. 3-51
Figure 3.6-32 Logic diagram of enabling distance protection (Quad) ................................. 3-53
Figure 3.6-33 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 1) .................................... 3-53
Figure 3.6-34 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 2) .................................... 3-54
Figure 3.6-35 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 3) .................................... 3-55
Figure 3.6-36 Logic diagram of distance protection (Quad zone 4) .................................... 3-56
Figure 3.6-37 Protected zone of pilot distance protection ................................................... 3-60
Figure 3.6-38 Pilot reverse weak infeed element .................................................................. 3-61
Figure 3.6-39 Logic diagram of pilot distance zone (Mho characteristic) ........................... 3-61
Figure 3.6-40 Logic diagram of pilot distance zone (Quad characteristic) ......................... 3-62
Figure 3.6-41 Logic diagram of power swing detection ....................................................... 3-64
Figure 3.6-42 Logic diagram of PSBR .................................................................................... 3-68
Figure 3.6-43 Logic diagram of enabling distance SOTF protection ................................... 3-71
Figure 3.6-44 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by manual closing signal ....... 3-71
Figure 3.6-45 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by 1-pole or 3-pole AR ........... 3-72
Figure 3.6-46 Logic diagram of distance SOTF protection by PD condition ...................... 3-73
Figure 3.7-1 Direct optical link up to 2km with 850nm ......................................................... 3-76
Figure 3.7-2 Direct optical link up to 40km with 1310nm or up to 100km with 1550nm .... 3-76
Figure 3.7-3 Connect to a communication network via communication convertor ........... 3-76
Figure 3.7-4 Connect to a communication network via MUX-64 .......................................... 3-77
Figure 3.7-5 Connect to a communication network via MUX-2M ......................................... 3-77
Figure 3.7-6 Schematic diagram of communication channel time ...................................... 3-79
Figure 3.7-7 Logic diagram of receiving signal n ................................................................. 3-82
Figure 3.8-1 Enabling/disabling logic of pilot distance protection ...................................... 3-83
Figure 3.8-2 Logic diagram of receiving signal ..................................................................... 3-83
Figure 3.8-3 Zone extension ................................................................................................... 3-84
Figure 3.8-4 Simple schematic of PUTT ................................................................................ 3-85
Figure 3.8-5 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (PUTT) .......................................... 3-85
Figure 3.8-6 Simple schematic of POTT ................................................................................ 3-86
Figure 3.8-7 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (POTT) ......................................... 3-86
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-j
Date: 2013-12-25
Figure 3.8-8 Simple schematic of system fault ..................................................................... 3-87
Figure 3.8-9 Simple schematic of blocking ........................................................................... 3-88
Figure 3.8-10 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (Blocking) .................................. 3-88
Figure 3.8-11 Logic diagram of pilot distance protection (Unblocking) .............................. 3-89
Figure 3.8-12 Current reversal ................................................................................................ 3-89
Figure 3.8-13 Logic diagram of current reversal blocking ................................................... 3-90
Figure 3.8-14 Line fault description ....................................................................................... 3-91
Figure 3.8-15 Weak infeed logic during pickup ..................................................................... 3-91
Figure 3.8-16 Weak infeed logic without pickup ................................................................... 3-92
Figure 3.8-17 Simplified CB Echo logic for POTT ................................................................. 3-92
Figure 3.9-1 Enabling/disabling logic of pilot directional earth-fault protection ............... 3-96
Figure 3.9-2 Logic diagram of receiving signal ..................................................................... 3-96
Figure 3.9-3 Forward/reverse direction of zero-sequence power ........................................ 3-97
Figure 3.9-4 Simple schematic of DEF (permissive scheme) .............................................. 3-97
Figure 3.9-5 Logic diagram of DEF (permissive scheme) .................................................... 3-98
Figure 3.9-6 Simple schematic of blocking ........................................................................... 3-99
Figure 3.9-7 Logic diagram of DEF (Blocking scheme) ........................................................ 3-99
Figure 3.9-8 Logic diagram for unblocking ......................................................................... 3-100
Figure 3.10-1 Line fault description ..................................................................................... 3-103
Figure 3.10-2 Vector diagram of current and voltage ......................................................... 3-104
Figure 3.10-3 Vector diagram of zero-sequence power ...................................................... 3-106
Figure 3.11-1 Logic diagram of phase overcurrent protection .......................................... 3-113
Figure 3.12-1 Logic diagram of earth fault protection ........................................................ 3-120
Figure 3.13-1 Logic diagram of overcurrent protection for VT circuit failure ................... 3-127
Figure 3.14-1 Logic diagram of residual current SOTF protection .................................... 3-129
Figure 3.15-1 Logic diagram of stage x of overvoltage protection .................................... 3-134
Figure 3.15-2 Blocking logic of undervoltage protection ................................................... 3-140
Figure 3.15-3 Logic diagram of stage x of undervoltage protection ................................. 3-140
Figure 3.16-1 Logic diagram of overfrequency protection (stage 1) ................................. 3-143
Figure 3.16-2 Logic diagram of overfrequency protection (stage 2) ................................. 3-144
-
3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-k
Date: 2013-12-25
Figure 3.16-3 Logic diagram of overfrequency protection (stage 3) ................................. 3-144
Figure 3.16-4 Logic diagram of overfrequency protection (stage 4) ................................. 3-144
Figure 3.16-5 Logic diagram of overfrequency protection (start) ...................................... 3-145
Figure 3.16-6 Logic diagram of underfrequency protection (stag1) .................................. 3-148
Figure 3.16-7 Logic diagram of underfrequency protection (stag2) .................................. 3-148
Figure 3.16-8 Logic diagram of underfrequency protection (stag3) .................................. 3-149
Figure 3.16-9 Logic diagram of underfrequency protection (stag4) .................................. 3-149
Figure 3.16-10 Logic diagram of underfrequency protection (start) ................................. 3-150
Figure 3.17-1 Logic diagram of breaker failure protection ................................................. 3-154
Figure 3.18-1 Characteristic curve of the thermal overload model ................................... 3-157
Figure 3.18-2 Logic diagram of thermal overload protection (stage 1) ............................. 3-158
Figure 3.18-3 Logic diagram of thermal overload protection (stage 2) ............................. 3-158
Figure 3.19-1 3/2 breakers arrangement .............................................................................. 3-160
Figure 3.19-2 Logic diagram of stub overcurrent protection ............................................. 3-161
Figure 3.20-1 Dead zone protection ..................................................................................... 3-163
Figure 3.21-1 Logic diagram of pole discrepancy protection ............................................ 3-165
Figure 3.22-1 Logic diagram of broken conductor protection ........................................... 3-167
Figure 3.23-1 Relationship between reference voltage and synchronism voltage .......... 3-168
Figure 3.23-2 Line voltage circuit failure supervision logic ............................................... 3-170
Figure 3.23-3 Bus Voltage Circuit Failure Supervision logic ............................................. 3-170
Figure 3.23-4 Synchronism check ........................................................................................ 3-173
Figure 3.23-5 Dead charge check logic ............................................................................... 3-173
Figure 3.23-6 Synchrocheck logic ........................................................................................ 3-174
Figure 3.24-1 Logic diagram of AR block ............................................................................ 3-180
Figure 3.24-2 Logic diagram of AR ready ............................................................................ 3-181
Figure 3.24-3 Logic diagram of tripping condition output ................................................. 3-182
Figure 3.24-4 Single-phase tripping initiating AR ............................................................... 3-183
Figure 3.24-5 Three-phase tripping initiating AR ................................................................ 3-183
Figure 3.24-6 1-pole AR initiation ......................................................................................... 3-184
Figure 3.24-7 3-pole AR initiation ......................................................................................... 3-184
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3 Operation Theory
PCS-902 Line Distance Relay 3-l
Date: 2013-12-25
Figure 3.24-8 One-shot AR .................................................................................................... 3-185
Figure 3.24-9 Extra time delay of AR .................................................................................... 3-185
Figure 3.24-10 Reclosing output logic ........................................