03 sep-602b red670 1p1 line diff communication

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2008-01-30 Substation Automation and Protection Training

RED 670 Line Differential Protection IED

Diff Communication

Substation Automation and Protection Training

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Diff Communication Synchronization of the internal clock Configuration Settings Exercise

Contents

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RED 670, Diff Communication

Serial Digital Synchronous 64 kbps

RxTx

Rx Tx

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RED 670, Principal of operation; Master- Master

BIA B

AI

AI

BI

0

IDiff

IBias

TRIP

Local Trip Local Trip

Master Slave

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RED 670, Principal of operation; Master- Slave

BIA B

AI

BI

0

IDiff

IBias

TRIP

Remote Trip

Local Trip

Master Slave

Slave is selected by set Operation=OFF

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RED 670, Diff communication

Master

Master

Master

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Slave

Master

SlaveChannel is lost

Automatic switch from master to Slave in caseof loss of communication


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0Time(ms)5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Current sampling moment

Currentsample

telegramsent

Currentsample

telegramsent

Currentsample

telegramsent

Currentsample

telegramsent

Currentsample

telegramsent

Currentsample

telegramsent

Currentsample

telegramsent

Currentsample

telegramsent


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Separate binary transfer via the communication channel for the differential protection

Protection independent

Security achieved with bit check

8 separate binary signals

Mix of external and internal signals

Binary transfer

Externalsignals Internal

signals

64 kbit Commu-nication

Trip T

64 kbit communication

DiffDiffetc..

U Trip S

Trip R Differential protection function

RED 670, Communication, transfer of binary signals

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In each telegram there are eight binary signals freely configurable by the user in PCM 600 configuration tool or Signal Matrix Tool

These signals can be used for any purpose.

External or Internal binary signals - external via binary input card - internal logical signals, for

example block autoreclosure at remote end at cable fault

RED 670, Communication, transfer of binary signals

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Diff Communication Synchronization of the internal clock

General/Settings/System Setup/Fault Tracing/Requirements

Configuration Settings Exercise

Contents

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RED670

RED670

RED 670, Telecom Network for Utilities

Telecom Network

Can we send protection signals via the cloud of telecom networks with

satisfactory security and dependability ?

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Requirements: Secure Dependable In time / Transparently transmitted Protected against misrouting Scalable in redundancy Has to operate in harsh environment Traceable (Event recording)

RED 670, Power-line Protection Signals

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RED670

RED670

RED670

RED670

RED 670,Telecom Networks for differential protectionWhat is the problem???

Back to back

Modem Modem

Defined Communication time and quality

Modem ModemTelecom network

Varying Communication time and quality

Route switched systems

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(I) Telecommunication networks with fixed or symmetric routes, where echo timing can be used

-back-to-back systems included

(II) Telecommunication networks with unspecified route switching, where the accurate global time in the GPS (Global Positioning System) is required.

-echotiming as fall back when the GPS fails

Application areas for RED 670 in telecommunication networks

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RegionalOffice

ControlCentre

Head-quarter

Substation

Power Plant

B 78

030

E (1

1.98

)

Back BoneDigital Network

ISDN

DATAISDN

Access

Access

STM-1STM-4

HDSL 2Mbit/S

8 Mbit/s

Access

Access

copper wire

STM-1

Access

- OPGW- ADSS- burried

Access

Access

Access

ETL ETL

PLC - Link

RT

RT

Access

8 Mbit/s

RED 670, Telecom Network for Utilities

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RED670

RED 670, Telecom Networks for differential protection

SDH systems > 2 Mbit/second

PDH systems < 2 Mbit/second

ATM/IP systems > 622 Mbit/second

Other systems > x Gbit/second

For utility communication PDH/SDH systems are most common

PDH, Plesiochronous Digital HierarchySDH, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

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PDH, Plesiochronous* Digital Hierarchy < 2 Mbit SDH, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy > 2 Mbit Package Swichted networks Frame Relay ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode IP Internet protocol (ATM) MPLS Multiprotocol label switching DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing

* Plesio is the Greek word for almost

RED 670, Telecom Network

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In the 1960s and 1970s PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy 1) )was developed as an international standard to transmit voice anddata

PDH is mainly optimised for telephony

ITU-T defined standards for PDH is based on several levels of Multiplexers

ITU-T is the new name for CCITT telecommunication standard organisation

RED 670, Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy-PDH

1) Plesio is the Greek for almost 2) rd for almost

Transmission History

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To overcome PDH shortcomings, ITU-T defined a new transmission standard:

The SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy to

access 2Mbit/s signals in any level of a data stream have an integrated network management channel with

routing functionality in every network element

standardise the complete technology including - frame formats, - multiplexing schemes - synchronisation

allow bit-rates of up to 10 GBit/s in one signal

RED 670, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, SDH

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The lowest bit-rate SDH defines is 2Mbit/s.

PDH provides widely accepted and implemented standards to transport voice and data signals over 64kBit/s channels

Instead of defining new standards for SDH, to encode voice and data, G703/G704 together with a variety of other PDH standards are used

RED 670, Why still PDH, Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy?

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RED670

SDH systems > 2 Mbit/second

PDH systems < 2 Mbit/second Master clock*

RED 670, Telecom Networks for differential protectionThe protection requirement is that only one clock in the PDH/SDH system is used as Master clock.*

64 kbit/s

The clock is only supervisedin the SDH system

2 MbitG703 E121-219G703

21-216

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Exact Transmission speed at hierarchical levels for ITU standard G 703

64 kb/s 0

E12048 kbit/s1

E28.448 Mb/s2

E334.368 Mb/s3

E4139.264 M/ps4

G703G703SpeedSpeedLevelLevel

RED 670, Telecom Networks for utilities

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RED 670, IEEE C37.94/G703 link via Telecom network

TelecomNetwork

RED 670

21-219 or 21-216

21-219 or 21-216

RED 670RED 670 with C37.94

-direct-via modem

Optic

Galvanic

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Tolerates different routes and different time delays in forward and reverse direction only during switching

- Max switch time 2 seconds

*Depending on required sensitivity

< 0,2-2ms* differencecontinuous

Maximum transmission timeTd < 40 ms (2x20 ms)

A C

B

Three end application(Protection Master-Slave)

RED

670

RED670

RED670

RED670RED670

RED 670, with Echo-timing

Protectionmaster

Protectionslave

Protectionslave

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Considering the measured delay:

Compensation for routeswitched communication

Maximum security and sensitivity

Ref remote

wSynchronised

in each terminal

Ref local

w

T1

T2 T3

T4B

A

2

(t 4- t 1) - (t 3 t 2)Transmission Delay Td =

Delay measurement every 5 ms (each message)Resolution 1 ms

ClockTimestamp

2(t 1+t 4)Time difference Dt =

2(t 2+t 3)

Terminal A Terminal BDt

ClockTimestamp

Dt

Master Master

RED 670, Transmission delay compensation (Echo)

Maximum Td 20 ms)

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ClockTimestamp

Terminal A Terminal B (C/D/E)t

ClockTimestamp

t

Master Master

Unspecified route switching can not be handled. The allowed deviation between the internal clocks (2-5) must then be limited.Maximum deviation is a setting parameter

- setting range 0,2-2ms- depending on min. sensitivity

Maxtdifflevel

Maximum time difference level


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MaxtDiffLevel: 0,2-2 ms depending on set sensitivity

RED 670, with Echo-timing/maximum time difference

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Time scale x 2

D

dt

Scattering

en07000161.vsdTo avoid that accumulated small changes < Maxtdifflevelgives unwanted trip additional features are added

D = Dead-band time difference ,DeadbandtDiff)dt = Measured change (defined as assymmetry)> Four acumulated dt below Maxtdifflevel blocks protection.

Security functionRED 670, with Echo-timing

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DeadbandtDiff equals dead band time difference. This setting is used to compensate for measuring inaccuracy due to scattering when accumulating changes smaller thanMaxtDiffLevel.

Dead band time difference-Deadbandtdiff; default + 200 us


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Virtual error in Ampere at different time deviation(Synchronization error)

0500

10001500200025003000

0 5 10 15 20 25

Fault current at external faults (kA)

Time error=0.4 msTime error=0.2 msTime error=0.1 ms


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Virtual error in Ampere at different time deviations(Synchronization error)

01000200030004000500060007000

0 5 10 15 20 25

Fault current at external faults (kA)

Time error=1 msTime error=0.8 msTime error=0.6 ms


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GPS system required for set up GPS loss tolerated with:

- Free-wheeling internal clocks- Fall back to the echo method

RED 670 tolerates unspecified routeswitching in telecommunicationsystems (SDH/PDH)

Maximum transmission timeTd < 40 ms (forward + reverse)

A C

B

Three end Application(Protection master-slave)

GPSclock

GPSclock

GPSclock

Unspecifiedrouteswitching

RED670

RED670

RED670

RED 670, with GPS-timing

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ABB

RED 670, Built-in GPS time synchronizer

High Accuracy output-Accuracy < 1sNote. IRIG- B standard GPS time information format can not be usedAccuracy +- 1 ms

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The GPS global time synchronization has two modes, fast or slow.The mode can be selected in the HMI or PCM 600HMI windowSetting-Time

- Synchronization-Time synchronization

- Time adjustment rate Fast or slowRecommended settings:ComissioningWith GPS Fast (

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Up to 4 modules per IED670

Multimode fiberoptic 50/125 m or 62,5/125 m

Optical budget - 9 dB or 13 dB- Typical distance

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LDCM

LDCM

LDCM

LDCM

Telecom. Network

*) *)

Multiplexer Multiplexer

LDCM with an external optical to galvanic interface,For example to G703 64 kBit or G703 E1

RED 670, Line differential Communication Module (LDCM)

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LDCM

LDCM

LDCM

LDCM

Telecom. NetworkMultiplexer Multiplexer

LDCM with built-in galvanic interface for ITU X21

RED 670, Line differential Communication Module (LDCM)

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LDCM

LDCM

Telecom. Network

Telecom. Network

Primary channel

Secondary redundant (reserve) channel

LDCM

LDCM

RED 670, Redundant communication channels

For two- or three line ends

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RED 670, Redundant communication with two channels in 21-219

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RED 670, Communication system set-up

RED670

RED670

Telecom Network

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Transceiver 21-216 as slave in a PDH system

RED670

Trans-ciever21-216

PDH MUX

Multi-mode Fiber optic < 3 km

LOCAL REMOTE

Galvanic connection Interface G.703 E1 (2MB)

SDH Master

Slaves (External clock ) Slaves

< 10 m < 10 m

Multi-mode Fiber optic < 3 kmGalvanic

connection Interface G.703 E1 (2MB)

Trans-ciever21-219

PDH MUX

G704 (framed etc .)

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21-216 as slave in a PDH/SDH system

RED670

Trans-ciever21-216

PDH MUX


LOCAL REMOTE


SDH Master


< 10 m < 10 m



Trans-ciever21-216

PDH MUX

G704 (framed etc .)

SDHMUX

SDHMUX

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Statnetts PDH/SDH telecommunicationssystem

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Transceiver 21-216 connection and setting

Cable shieldShieldMetalhouse

From multiplexerTo 21-216

RX- (Ring-in5

From multiplexerto 21-216

Rx+ (TIP-in) 4

From 21-216 to multiplexer

Tx- (RING-out) 2

From 21-216 to multiplexer

Tx+ (TIP-out) 1 DirectionNameRJ45 pin

Position 0; External clock (Slave)Position 1; Internal clock (Master)

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RED 670, Tranceiver 21-216 interface connection

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RED 670 with built-in galvanic X21 interface

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Pin Name Dir Description Type1 N/A Shield Ground2 T (A) --> Transmit (A) Data3 C (A) --> Control (B) Control4 R (A)

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RED670 /

Trans-ciever21-219

SDH MUX

Multi-mode Fiber optic

LOCAL REMOTE

Galvanic connectionInterface G.703 E1 (2MB)

21-219Master

Slaves, external clocks

< 10 m < 10 m

Multi-mode Fiber optic< 3 km

Galvanic connectionInterface G.703 E1 (2MB)

RED670

Trans-ciever21-219

SDH MUX

TransparentSlave

< 3km

21-219 as Master in a PDH/SDH system

21-219 is the PDH multiplexer

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21-219 as slave in a SDH system

RED670

Trans-ciever21-219

SDH MUX


LOCAL REMOTE


SDH Master


< 10 m < 10 m



Trans-ciever21-219

SDH MUX

G704 (framed etc .)

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Tranceiver 21-219 interference protection

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Information available on the HMIOn the HMI of RED 670 and the 670 series, the status of the remote communication can be supervised. The available information is alsouseful at fault tracing.The information on the HMI can be found in the following HMI treeEnter

-Test- Function status

-Communication-Remote communication

-LDCM (slot); Line Differential Communication -- CRM ( no 1-4) Communication remote multi

(analogue + binary)or

- CRB (no 1-4) Communication remote binary

RED 670, Communication fault tracing

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1919Communication failure (> set delay 100 ms in service, 5-10 ms for fault tracing.)

Status10COMFAIL

Communication status/noof received messages

StatusNoRXDOKCOMMStatus

No of long interruptions, >150 ms

Counter-5NoOfLongInterr

No of medium interruptions,

50-150 ms

Counter-10NoOfMEDInterr

No of shortinterruptions,20-50 ms

Counter-50NoOfShInterr

Transmission delay(Duplex loop), ms

Timer-1,540 TransmDelay

SMTCRB

SMTCRM

ExplanationSpecificationFaulty(Example)

Normal (Example)

Signal name

Remote communication/LDCM(slot)/CRM for RED 670 and /CRB for the 670 series

RED 670, Fault tracing on the HMI

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2525No carrier is detected in the incoming message.Group signal - Logical OR for:-LINK_ LOST No input data stream at the optical receiver -SYNC_LOST The clocksynchronization is lost-C37 ERROR. Error at the C37.94 fiberoptic receiver (Faultyformat)

Status10NOCARR

Asymmetric delay (Setting in echo mode or measured with GPS timing.)

Setting/GPSms

-0,5 msAsymDelay

1313Detected error in incomingmessage in remote end

Status10Ybit

No of received messages, %Status

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2626Low signal level in the receive linkStatus10LOWLEVEL

N.A*21Link error, differential protection blocked. Analogue values are substituted with zero.

Status10SUBSTITU*

N.A*20Error in GPS synchronization at remote end

Status10REMGPSER*

1818Error in received messages at remote end

Status10REMCOMFAIL

N.A*17Error in echo timing synchronizationStatus10SYNCERR*

N.A*16Transmission delay error, > 40 msStatus10TRDELERR*

1515CRC-error in incoming message Status10CRCERROR

2323Incorrect length for the incoming message

Status10LNGTHERR

1414Incoming message from a non-valid address

Status10ADRERR

2424No start and stop flags in the incoming message

Status10NOMESS

SMTCRB

SMTCRM

ExplanationSpec.Faulty(Example)

Normal (Example)

Signal name

RED 670, Fault tracing on the HMI

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Check Clock synchronization configuration master/slaveSelected channel 1-4 with yellow LEDs normally LED 1= channel 1 (1-12)

RA Remote Alarm. Red LED -Ybit =Yellow Alarm bit in the IEEE C37.94 protocol.

LA Local Alarm. Red LED error in the received IEEE C37.94 protocol LOS Loss Of Signal. Yellow Alarm bit in the outgoing IEEE C37.94 protocol.

ERR Internal Error. Red LED ( also not allowed setting of jumpers)LF Link Fiber. Green LED. C0rrect IEEE C37.94 frames, LT Link Green LED. Receives G.703 codir 64kbit/s protocol.correctlyRxF Receive data on Fiber. Green LED. Receives data in IEEE C37.94 format. RxT Receive data on Twisted pair/G.703 codir.. Green LED Receives data in

G.703 codir protocol.

RED 670, Fault tracing on 21-216

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Normal configuration; External clock, HEX-switch is on position 0


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The LEDs to the left of fiber optic ports are indicators for Channel 0.The LEDs to the right of fiber optic ports are indicators for Channel 1.

RA Remote Alarm. Red LED -Ybit =Yellow Alarm bit in the IEEE C37.94 protocol.

LA Local Alarm. Red LED error in the received IEEE C37.94 protocol LOS Loss Of Signal. Yellow Alarm bit in the outgoing IEEE C37.94 protocol

St Status. Red LED when outgoing data on fiber has AIS-conditionLI Link Fiber. Green LED for correct IEEE C37.94 frames. Flashes for low power.TxD Received E1data sent on IEEE C37.94. Yellow LED for data in IEEE C37.94 format.RxD Receive IEEE C37.94 data on fiber. Yellow LED for data in IEEE C37.94 protocol.


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RED 670, Fault tracing by loop-back tests

RED 670

RED 670 21-216 21-216PDHPDH*

LOCAL REMOTE

Test 1SDH SDH

Test 3Test 2 Test 4 Test 7Test 5 Test 6Fiberoptic or galvanic loop-back

* PDH Mux = 21-219 (no 21-216)

Test 1 Rx-TxTest 2, test 3, test 6, test 7 ; Rx+ to Tx +, Rx- to Tx-Test 4, test 5 Rx-Tx

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Loop back test sequence.Set the local relay and the remote relay with the same address

Setting of the Line Differential Communication module- LDCM- general settings

- communication- LDCM communication

-LDCM (slot no)- CRM(no) or CRB(No) for the 670 series

Terminal No [ ]Remote terminal No same [ ]

- Echo Synchronization On or Off- GPS synchronization Off or On- Commsync Master or slave*

The synchronization method shall in principal be the same in the loop-back tests as in actual service. However, there must always be one master clock in the loop under test.

RED 670, Fault tracing by loop-back tests

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RegionalOffice

ControlCentre

Head-quarter

Substation

Power Plant

RED 670, Requirement on Telecom Networks for Utilities

B 78

030

E (1

1.98

)

Back BoneDigital Network

ISDN

DATAISDN

Access

Access

STM-1STM-4

HDSL 2Mbit/S

8 Mbit/s

Access

Access

copper wire

STM-1

Access

- OPGW- ADSS- burried

Access

Access

Access

ETL ETL

PLC - Link

RT

RT

Access

8 Mbit/s

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The communication requirements are based on echo timing.

Bit Error Rate (BER) according to ITU-T G.821, G.826 and G.828

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Synchronization in SDH systems with G703 E1

According to ITU-T G.803, G.810-13

One master clock for the actual network

The actual port Synchronized to the SDH system clock at 2048 kbit

Synchronization; bit synchronized, synchronized mapping

Maximum clock deviation

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RED 670 with echo synchronization of differential clock (without GPS clock)

Both channels must have the same route with maximum asymmetry of

0,2-1.0 ms, depending on set sensitivity of the differential protection.

A fixed asymmetry can be compensated. Setting of asymmetric delay

in built in HMI or the parameter setting tool PST in PCM 600.

RED 670 with GPS clock

Independent of asymmetry.

RED 670, Requirement on Telecom Networks for Utilities

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RED670

RED670

Telecom Network

Can we send protection signals via the cloud of telecom networks with

satisfactory security and dependability ?

RED 670, Telecom Networks for Utilities

03 sep-602b red670 1p1 line diff communication

Documents

protection signals

protection training

protection training2abb

off6abb ab

diff communication9abb

diff communication8abb

rxtxrx tx4abb ab

separate binary transfer