03 water hydraulics

8/10/2019 03 Water Hydraulics

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SERIES 7

Water hydraulics

VERSION 1/10



Table of Contents

WATER HYDRAULIC .............................................................................................................................. 3

Node Equipment ..................................................................................................................................... 4

Node equipment types ......................................................................................................................... 4

Entering node equipment..................................................................................................................... 5

DEMANDS FOR WATER ........................................................................................................................ 7

Single demands ...................................................................................................................................... 7

Coefficients .......................................................................................................................................... 7

Inhabitants (percent equation) ............................................................................................................. 9

Inhabitants (specific demand) ............................................................................................................ 10

Point / industry ................................................................................................................................... 12

Firefighting ......................................................................................................................................... 13

Pipeline own demands....................................................................................................................... 14

Total, sum of single ............................................................................................................................ 16 Total, direct input ............................................................................................................................... 17

Demands review ................................................................................................................................ 18

NETWORK ELEMENTS DATA ............................................................................................................. 19

COMPUTE ............................................................................................................................................. 20

DEFINE CURVES .................................................................................................................................. 21

Pump curve ........................................................................................................................................ 22

Volume curve ..................................................................................................................................... 22

Efficiency curve .................................................................................................................................. 23 Headloss curve .................................................................................................................................. 23

DEFINE PATTERN ................................................................................................................................ 24

WRITE FILE .INP (EPANET) ................................................................................................................. 25

IMPORT .RPT FILE (EPANET) ............................................................................................................. 25



URBANO 7 Water hydraulic of 25

Water hydraulic

Hydraulic commands to calculate water systems are placed inside of separate tab inside of Series7workspace. Commands are depending of defined system type which has to be set to water. In addition

it is necessary to have the system geometry already created inside of the drawing.



of 25 URBANO 7 Water hydraulic

Node Equipment

This command is used for assigning equipment to nodes. Equipment types are predefined, and usercannot create new types. Node equipment can be tanks, pumps, different types of valves, air release,and mud release.

Node equipment types

NODE - the position of horizontal or vertical break on the route and places where watergoes out or come in the network

RESERVOIR - nodes that represent an infinite external source or sink of water to the network.They are used to model such things as lakes, rivers, groundwater aquifers, andtie-ins to other systems.

TANK - nodes with storage capacity, where the volume of stored water can vary withtime during a simulation.

EMMITER -

PUMP - device that impart energy to a fluid thereby raising its hydraulic head.

VALVES - used to control the pressure or flow at a specific point in the network.

MUD RELEASE - it is positioned in the lowest points of the route and it is used for releasing of theaccumulated mud

AIR RELEASE - it is positioned in the highest points of the route and it is used for releasing of airfrom the pipes.

Connection point - system geometry point

Mud release and air release are not important for the hydraulic calculations but their position is shownin longitudinal sections.

The following table shows all node equipment types and data that have to be entered for the hydrauliccalculation and the data that is not necessary but can be entered.




Equipment type Data that must be entered Data that can be entered

NODE - pipe elevation- total demand- demand pattern

RESERVOIR- pipe elevation, piezometer

elevation- head pattern

TANK

- pipe elevation, tank bottom- initial water level, relatively- minimum water level- maximum water level- nominal diameter

- minimum volume- volume curve

EMMITER - pipe elevation- total demand- demand pattern- flow coefficient

PUMP- head/flow curve- power

- relative speed setting- pattern speed/time

V A L V E

PRVPressure reducing valve - valve diameter

- pressure - minor loss coefficient

PSVPressure sustainingvalve

- valve diameter- pressure

- minor loss coefficient

PBV Pressure breaker valve - valve diameter- pressure


FCV Flow control valve - valve diameter- flow


TCV Throttle control valve - valve diameter- loss coefficient


GPV General purpose valve- valve diameter- head/loss curve


With "Node equipment " command only the position of the equipment is given. Basic data is taken fromnode data and other data is entered using command " Additional hydraulic data".

Entering node equipment

Every water supply network must have mud-release and air-release placed on specific places (inlowest and highest breaks in level line). Besides that, to be able to run the calculation for somesystem, that system must have tank or reservoir in it.

The dialog of this command is shown on the following picture:




Picture 1. Node equipment dialog

Buttons in the dialog: and - Previous/ Next node

- Select work area

Equipment can be entered in two ways: auto or single. That is selected from the "Drawing mode" dropdown list at the top of the dialog.

Option " Auto" is used only for entering air-release and mud-release valves. Other equipment typesmust be entered with option "Single". With option " Auto" the program automatically search for nodesthat are higher than all their neighboring nodes an in them place the air-releases, and in nodes thatare lower than their neighboring nodes place the mud-releases.

After selecting this drawing mode, user must select which equipment will be entered (by turning on or

turning off the check marks next to the air-release and mud-release valve options). For each option, itis possible to select graphics for that type of equipment in main and in plain nodes by selecting it fromadequate drop down list.

Also, it is possible to select the node types for changeover. If the option " All types of nodes" isselected, air-release and mud-release valves will be placed in selected positions no matter which nodetype was in that position before that (for instance, air-release valve will be placed in the position of thetank). When the option "Only plain nodes" is selected, air-release and mud-release valve will beplaced only in ordinary nodes (nodes that under equipment have "Node").

After activating button " Apply " the program will enter air-release and/or mud releases in appropriatepositions. Button "Reset " is used for deleting the air-releases and mud-releases entered with the lastuse of option " Auto".

When the drawing mode "Single" is selected, user enters equipment individually for every node. Fromthe list on the left side of the dialog the equipment type (node, reservoir, tank, emitter, different valves,pump, air-release and mud-release valve) that will be used for certain node must be selected. Drop




down lists for main and plain node graphics automatically shows the graphics for the selectedequipment type, but user can also select some other graphic from that lists.

Right part of the dialog shows the schematic preview of the selected node. The preview shows thename of the current node, equipment that is currently in it, and terrain elevations in that and in allneighboring nodes.

With "Single" drawing mode user has to enter the air-releases and mud-releases on its own, but the

program suggest the positions where they should be placed. So, the sign represent the position

where air-release should be placed, and represent the position where the mud-release should beplaced.

After activating button " Apply " the equipment selected in the list is placed in the current node.

Buttons “Previous/Next Node” are used for moving to the previous or next node.

Equipment can also be entered using command "Layout -> Edit system elements -> Node -> tabEquipment ", but this command is adapted to the specifics of the entering equipment in water supply

systems.

Demands for water

Single demands

Coefficients

Result of the command for calculating water demands for inhabitants is specific demand [l/(s m’)]. The

demand Q of each section is a result of multiplying the length of the section l and a specific demandqspec .

l qQ spec *=

For changing the quantity of some section’s demand, we use coefficient of density of inhabitants usingwhich we get a virtual length of a section and that length is used in the calculations.

With this coefficient you can increase (coefficient is bigger than 1), or decrease (the coefficient isbetween 0 and 1) the water demand in some section. If the coefficient is entered as 0, selectedsections or group of sections will have no water demand for inhabitants (the demand for inhabitants

will be 0).

The data that has to be entered for hydraulic calculations is the demand of the node, which means thequantity of water needed in some node. For that reason it is possible to choose if the demand of the




section becomes the demand of the starting node, or of the ending node, or is the section demandsplit half to the starting node and half to the ending node.

When command Coefficient is activated, dialog box shown on following picture appears.

Picture 2. Defining demands - coefficients

Buttons in the dialog: - Select work area

Using options of the „Select work area“ button user can select the work area for which the data will be

entered. If user does not select work area, the whole current system will be selected as the work area.

In this dialog user can enter the coefficient of density and the flow divide method, depending on whichof this options is selected in the dialog. Coefficient of density must be entered in the adequate field,while for the flow divide method the wanted option must be selected from the drop down list (0 – halfto every node, 1 – all to starting node, 2 – all to ending node).




In center part of the dialog is a table that shows current section and its neighboring sections, andeventually already existing data about coefficient of density and flow divide method.

Button "Save" is used to save the entered data in the current section, while the button "Save to all "saves that same data to all section of the selected work area. The data is saved only for the selectedoptions.

Button "Erase" is used to erase entered data from the current section, while the button " Erase from all "is used to erase entered data from all sections in the selected area. The data is erased only for theselected options.

Buttons "Prior " and" Next " are used for moving to the previous or to the next section.

Inhabitants (percent equation)

This command is used for calculating quantities of water needed for inhabitants using percentequation. After clicking with the mouse on the plus sign on the left from this command the tree viewwill show existing data configurations for calculating inhabitants demands. After selecting one

configuration, the right part of the dialog shows the data given in that configuration. The dialog lookslike the following picture.

Picture 3. Defining demands – inhabitants, percent equation


- New configuration

- Erase configuration

The concept of configurations is that user can create different configurations with different values fordata, so he doesn't have to enter all data every time, but just select adequate configuration. Theprogram contains only one configuration (Standard_0) with default settings of data value, and otherconfigurations user has to create on its own. It is possible to create five configurations. Everyconfiguration has its identification mark that cannot be changed and it is shown in the upper rightcorner of the dialog (for example, ID1).

New data configuration is created after activating button ”New Configuration” . After that, a newconfiguration named Standard_1 appears in the list. To change the name of the configuration, that




configuration must be selected in the left part of the dialog (must be marked blue), than click on it andenter new name.

Button “Erase Configuration” is used for erasing currently selected configuration.

Using options of the “Select work area” button user can select the work area for which the data will be


In the right part of the dialog user enters data. After entering certain data, that data will beremembered and it will be shown for on next opening of that configuration.

First data that needs to be entered is consumption of water per inhabitant and it is entered in liters perday. Second data is actual number of inhabitants for selected area. The number of inhabitants variesin time, so the percent of population increase in time must be entered. Next data that needs to beentered is design period. That is the number of years on which the system will be designed.

Consumption of water is not uniform during the day. Maximum daily amount of water Qmax /d , iscalculated according to the following formula:

sr d d Qk Q *max/ = [l/day]

where k d is stands for coefficient of variation per day in relation to middle daily amount Qsr . Value ofthis coefficient goes from 1.2 to 1.7.

Maximum quantity of water per hour Qmax /h is calculated according the formula:

24*

max/

max/

d hh

Qk Q = [l/h]

where k h is stands for coefficient of variation per hour. Value of this coefficient goes from 1.2 to 2.5.

If the option "Calculate by branches" is not active, the demand will be calculated for every node. If thatoption is turned on, the needs will be calculated based on branches and they will be shown only inmain nodes.

After activating "Data review " button, the table in the center part of the dialog shows the data gained

by calculation from given data. The data is now only shown in the dialog, and to save them the button"Write data" must be activated. It is also possible to save data without reviewing it before. Button"Erase data" erase previously entered demand data.

Entered data can be reviewed by selecting option "Demands review " in the left part of the dialog.

Inhabitants (specific demand)

This command is used for calculating quantities of water needed for inhabitants using specific flow. After clicking with the mouse on the plus sign on the left from this command the tree view will showexisting data configurations for calculating inhabitants demands. After selecting one configuration, theright part of the dialog shows the data given in that configuration. The dialog look like this:




Picture 4. Defining demands – inhabitants, specific demand


- New configuration

- Erase configuration

The concept of configurations is that user can create different configurations with different values fordata, so he doesn't have to enter all data every time, but just select adequate configuration. The

program contains only one configuration (Standard_0) with default settings of data value, and otherconfigurations user has to create on its own. It is possible to create five configurations. Everyconfiguration has its identification mark that cannot be changed and it is shown in the upper rightcorner of the dialog (for example, ID1).

New data configuration is created after activating button “New Configuration”. After that, a newconfiguration named Standard_1 appears in the list. To change the name of the configuration, thatconfiguration must be selected in the left part of the dialog (must be marked blue), than click on it andenter new name.

Button “Erase configuration” is used for erasing currently selected configuration.

Using options of the “Select work area” button user can select the work area for which the data will be


The specific demand is entered in the field on the right side of the dialog. The unit for specific demandis in liters in second by meters (l/s/m'). Specific demand shows how much water is "spent" for onemeter of pipe.

If the option "Calculate by branches" is not active, the demand will be calculated for every node. If thatoption is turned on, the needs will be calculated based on branches and they will be shown only inmain nodes.

To save entered data to drawing the button "Write data" must be activated. Button "Erase data" erasepreviously entered demand data.





Point / industry

Water demands for inhabitants are inputted as demands for sections. Industrial processes definewater quantities for industrial water consumption, so they are treated as point flow in particular node.With this command, any point flow can be inputted. That means that demands for hotels and similardemands can be inputted by using this command.

When command is started, dialog box shown on following picture appears.

Picture 5. Defining demands – point, industry


Using options of the “Select work area” button user can select the work area for which the data will beentered. If user does not select work area, the whole current system will be selected as the work area.

In center part of the dialog is a table that shows current node and its neighboring nodes, andeventually already existing data about point demands.

Demand for certain node is entered in the field at the top of the dialog. Demands are entered in liters

in second (l/s).

Button "Save" is used to save the entered data in the current node, while the button "Save to all "saves that same data to all nodes of the selected work area.

Button "Erase" is used to erase entered data from the current node, while the button " Erase from all " isused to erase entered data from all nodes in the selected area.

Buttons "Prior " and" Next " are used for moving to the previous or to the next node.





Firefighting

This command is used for inputting fire-fighting demands. After starting this command, dialog boxshown on following picture appears.

Picture 6. Defining demands – firefighting



In center part of the dialog is a table that shows current node and its neighboring nodes, andeventually already existing data about firefighting demands.

Demand for certain node is entered in the field at the top of the dialog. Demands are entered in litersin second (l/s).

In the "Proposal for fire fighting demand " part of the dialog, based on the entered number ofinhabitants the program suggests the firefighting demand. In the field "Number if inhabitants" user

should enter the number of inhabitants for which the firefighting demand is calculated. After that theprogram shows the number of simultaneous fires, minimal duration and demand per fire.

After activating button " Accept " the value of firefighting demand suggested by the program istransferred to "Demand [l/s] " field and it is used in the calculation.

The values that program suggest are taken from Croatian legislative and they are shown in thefollowing table:




Number of inhabitantsNumber of

simultaneousfires

Minimalduration [h]

Demand per fire[l/s]

X < 1 000 1 2 5

X < 5 000 1 2 10

6 000 < X < 10 000 1 2 15

11 000 < X < 25 000 2 2 15

26 000 < X < 50 000 2 2 25

51 000 < X < 100 000 2 2 35

101 000 < X < 200 000 3 2 40

201 000 < X < 300 000 3 2 50

301 000 < X < 400 000 3 2 60

401 000 < X < 500 000 3 2 70

501 000 < X < 600 000 3 2 75

601 000 < X < 700 000 3 2 80

701 000 < X < 800 000 3 2 85

801 000 < X < 1 000 000 3 2 90

1 001 000 < X < 2 000 000 4 2 90





Pipeline own demands

An own demand of water system is next important information to make estimation of total demand fornode more accurate. Water needed for rinsing the mud from pipes or losses of water due to breakingof pipe are some of water system's own demands for water.

After starting the command dialog that is shown on following picture appears.




Picture 7. Defining demands – pipeline own demands


- Select all

-Unselect all


In center part of the dialog is a table that shows current node and its neighboring nodes, andeventually already existing data about pipeline own demands.


If the option "Calculate own demand for every node as percent of sum of selected demands" is active,pipeline own demand will be calculated as percentage of the needs selected below. After activatingthis option, user has to enter the percentage in the adequate field and in the lower part of the dialogselect the demands from which the percentage will be calculated. In the field "Demand [l/s] " the valueof own demand is automatically calculated from selected demands.

After activating button “Select all ” all demands from the list are selected, while with button “Unselectall ” the selection is erased.

When option "Calculate own demand for every node as percent of sum of selected demands" is notactive, the value of pipeline own demand is just entered in "Demand [l/s] " field.








Total, sum of single

In previous text it is described how to input partial demands such as inhabitant demands, industrydemands, fire fighting demands and water supply system own demands. Total demands for node isreferent value of demands for making hydraulic calculation. After starting "Total demand for node"command, following dialog box appear.

Picture 8. Defining demands – Total, sum of single


- Select all

-Unselect all


Hydra offers three methods for calculating total demands for node. These sums can be calculated assum of all defined demands, as sum of all selected demands or to set as the referent demand biggerdemand between the sum of selected demands and fire fighting demand.

When the option "Sum of all defined demands" is selected, the program adds all entered demands.For the option "Sum of all selected demands" user in the lower part of the dialog must select whichdemands will be used for calculating total demands. With option "Bigger between sum of selecteddemands and firefighting demand " bigger value between the sum of selected demands and thefirefighting demand is selected as the total demand.

After activating button “Select all ” all demands from the list are selected, while with button “Unselectall ” the selection is erased.

After selecting the method for defining total demand, the button "Save total demand " must be activatedto calculate and save total demands.





Total, direct input

There are two ways to input total demand for node. Total demand can be defined as sum of partialdemands (inhabitant, industry/point, fire fighting and water supply own demands) or its value can beinputted directly. When total demand for node is inputted directly, defining inhabitant demand, industrydemand, fire fighting and water supply own demand is not necessary. When command is started,

dialog box shown on following picture appears.

Picture 9. Defining demands – Total, direct input



In center part of the dialog is a table that shows current node and its neighboring nodes, andeventually already existing data about total demands (regardless on the way they were entered).


Button "Save" is used to save the entered data in the current node, while the button "Save to all "

saves that same data to all nodes of the selected work area.







Demands review

This command enables the review of all entered demands. The dialog of this command is shown onthe following picture:

Picture 10. Defining demands – Demands review



The first column shows the node names, next column shows total demands, than firefighting and owndemands. Following columns shows the inhabitants demands calculated with percent equation –Inhab.% ID1 to Inhab.% ID5 and inhabitants demands calculated with specific demand - Inhab.Qspec ID1 to Inhab. Qspec ID5 .

Inhabitants demands are named after identification mark of the configuration (ID). If the data wereentered using only one configuration, the other four columns will be empty.

This is very useful because it enables entering different data using different configurations for thesame work area. That data can later be reviewed and compared in the " Demands review ". The datathat doesn’t comply can than be erased (with button "Erase data" when specific configuration isselected), or just doesn’t take it into consideration for the calculation of total demands.




Network elements data

This command is used for reviewing and entering data for certain network elements. The dialog of thiscommand is shown on the following picture.

Picture 11. Additional hydraulic data dialog


Left part of the dialog shows the elements of the current system in the tree view. Clicking on the plussign on the left side of each group element, the content of that group is shown. Nodes are divided bytype of equipment (node, tank, pump, valve).

Using options of the “Select work area” button user can select the work area. If user does not selectwork area, the whole current system will be selected as the work area.

When the data for certain element is opened, yellow marks the data that must be entered, while thedata marked blue, can be given but the calculations can be run without them.

The data that is entered using some other commands (for example, terrain elevation, total demand,section length, pipe diameter, and so on) it is not possible to change in this command, but only toreview it.

Certain data can be entered for the whole group of elements (for example, time pattern for nodedemands, minor loss coefficient for sections, pipe roughness, and so on) if the whole group is selectedin the left part of the dialog, or individually if only one element is selected in left part of dialog.

To be able to enter certain curve or pattern, tat curve or pattern first has to be created using adequatecommands.

After entering wanted data, "Save" must be activated to save the data into the drawing. Button "Erase"is used for erasing entered data from the selected element.




Compute

This command starts the hydraulic calculation using the settings defined with commands for drawingsystem (draw sections and nodes), commands for editing the system elements, inputting data (terrainelevations, level line and so on) and commands for entering hydraulic data. After activating this

command the following dialog is opened:

Picture 12. Calculation dialog


In the left part of the dialog user can select one of the three different head formulas for computinghead loss for flow through pipe. Calculation can be performed using Hazen-Williams, Darcy-Weisbachor Chezy-Manning formula. Number of trials, Accuracy, Viscosity, and pattern time step can be alsochanged in the table.

All changes made in the dialog are worth only for that calculation, and default settings will appear withnew activating of that command.

If the option "Calculating by branches" is active, the calculation will be based on branches, and if it isnot active, the calculation will be based on sections.

The "Working folder " field shows the name of the folder where the *.INP and *.RPT files will be saved.For selecting new folder, the button “Select file” must be activated. The name for *.INP and *.RPT file

is by default taken the same as the drawing name, but that can be changed simply by entering newname.

The calculation itself is based on the EPANET 2 algorithm for hydraulic calculations. This algorithm isan element of the Hydra program package, and it is not necessary to install it separately.

After activating button "Check data" the program checks all entered data needed for the calculationand from them creates *.INP file which is used as a file with input data for the hydraulic data in

EPANET. If there are some errors in the data – some data is not set, or they are entered wrongly (theroughness coefficient is different for different formulas), the program will in the right part of the dialogshow the note with that errors for certain elements. The calculation cannot be started until that errorsare fixed.




Activating the button "Compute" the hydraulic calculation in EPANET is started using data saved in the*.INP file. The results of the calculation in EPANET are saved in the *.RPT file. If any error occur inEPANET calculation (for example, negative pressures occur), the warning about that error will beshown in the "Calculation" dialog.

Files *.INP and *.RPT are ASCII files and they can be reviewed using NOTEPAD.

The *.RPT file doesn’t need to be opened because all data is automatically taken over from EPANET.

Define curves

This command is used for defining curves that will later be used in the calculation. That are pumpcurve, volume curve, pipe efficiency curve and headloss curve.

The dialog of this command is shown on the following picture.

Picture 13. Dialog of the Define curves command

Buttons in the dialog: - New curve

- Add curve point

- Remove

- Update curve

- Add curve to catalogue

First, in the upper left part of the dialog the curve type must be selected. After that, in the " Definedcurves" part of the dialog, names and descriptions of the existing curves of selected type are shown.

Curves data are written into a file and they can be used in different drawings (they can even be copiedto another computer).




To create new curve user must activate button “New Curve” and enter name and description inadequate fields. After that, in the "Data" part of the dialog, the data pairs that represent curve points(flow and head, head and volume, flow and efficiency or flow and headloss) must be entered. Afteractivating button “ Add curve point ” entered data pair is moved to a list of points in the lower part of thedialog. In that manner, it is possible to enter arbitrary number of curve points.

If some data in the list is wrong, it can be changed by double- clicking on the wanted data and enteringnew value. Certain data pair can be erased by selecting it in the list, and than activating button“Remove”.

In the lower right part of the dialog is a graph of the curve obtained from the data in the list at the leftpart of the dialog. After adding every new point to the list, the curve graph is updated. Button “Updatecurve” is used for updating curve when the data was changed in the list.

After activating button “ Add curve to catalogue” the curve with given name, and data shown in the listis written to the catalogue (saved to file). Button “Remove” in upper right part of the dialog is used forerasing curve selected in the "Defined curves" list from the file.

To change the data of certain defined curve, that curve must be selected in the list. The data of that

curve will than be visible in the dialog. It is than possible to add, change and erase data. After thechanges were made, the button “ Add curve to catalog ” must be activated to save the changes to file.

This data are used for calculations in Epanet, which is used for hydraulic calculations in Hydra. Theprinciple of creating curves in Hydra is identical to creating curves in Epanet.

Pump curve

Pump curve represents the relationship between the head and flow rate that pump can deliver at itsnominal speed setting.

If there is only one point defined, the program will create curve based only on that one point. That

point represent pump's desired operating point. To create curve program calculates two more pointsby assuming that when the flow is zero, the head is equal to 133% of head in the entered point, andwhen head is zero the flow is two times bigger than the flow in the entered point. Program tries to fitthat three points into one curve with the form H=a - bQ

c (where H is head, Q is flow and a, b and c are

constants).

If more than one pair of points is entered, the curve is created by connecting the points with strait-linesegments.

For variable speed pumps, the pump curve shifts as the speed changes. The relationships betweenflow (Q) and head (H) at speeds N1 and N2 are:

2

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

1

NN

HH

NN

QQ

==

Volume curve

Volume curve determines how storage tank volume varies as a function of water level. It is used whenit is necessary to accurately represent tanks whose cross sectional area varies with height. The lowerand upper water levels supplied for the curve must contain the lower and upper levels between whichthe tank operates.




Picture 14. The example of the tank shape and volume curve of that tank

Efficiency curve

Efficiency curve determines pump efficiency (%) as a function of pump flow rate. Efficiency takes intoaccount mechanical losses in the pump itself as well as electrical losses in the pump's motor. Thecurve is used only for energy calculations. If not supplied for a specific pump than a fixed global pumpefficiency will be used.

Headloss curve

Headloss curve is used to describe the headloss through a General purpose valve as a function of

flow rate. It provides the capability to model devices and situations with unique headloss – flowrelationships such as reduced flow- backflow prevention valves, turbines, and so on.




Define pattern

Time pattern is a collection of multipliers that can be applied to a quantity to allow it to vary over time.Nodal demands, reservoir heads and pump schedules can have time patterns associated with them.Dialog of this command is shown on the following picture

Picture 15. Pattern editor dialog

Buttons in the dialog: - Add pattern to catalogue

- Remove pattern from catalogue

- Erase all data

Pattern time step is equal for all patterns and it is set in command "Hydra -> Calculation". By default,that value is one hour. For example, assume that we have node with demand 10 l/s and pattern timestep is set 4 hours. If we give to that node the following pattern:

Time period 1 2 3 4 5 6

Value 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.7

Than the actual demand in that node through time will be as follows:

Hours 0-4 4-8 8-12 12-16 16-20 20-24 24-28

Demand 5 8 10 12 9 7 5

After the time exceeds the given number of pattern time steps, the pattern wraps around to its firstperiod again. If five periods were lasting one hour each, after five hours the first period is repeated

again.




Write file .INP (Epanet)

This command will export all hydraulic values into Epanet INP file structure. The file can be used toimport the system and its data directly into Epanet for further calculations.

Picture 16. INP Export Dialog

Import .RPT file (Epanet)

Results from Epanet are possible to import back into Series7. Therefore it is necessary to export thevalues from Epanet into RPT file structure. This file will contain all calculated trials which are possibleto select for the import.

Picture 17. RPT Import Dialog

03 water hydraulics

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