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Amity School of EngineeringB.Tech., CS(6th Sem.)Advanced NetworkingTopic: Internet Addressing-I1IP Addressing2 It is a way to identify machines on a network It is Used to connect to another computer IP Addressing is logical addressing & works on network layer (layer3) There are two version of Addressing Scheme: IPv4-32 bit addressing & IPv6-128 bit addressing (still in under implementation) Bit is nothing just a value represents by 0 or 1(i.e. 010..0011)IP Addressing:(IPv4& IPv6 Addressing)3 In IPv4, 32-bit are divided into Four Octets known as Dotted DecimalNotation. Like:First Octet Second Octet Third Octet Forth Octet01010101.00000101.10111111.00000001 In IPv6, 128-bit are divided in eight 16-bit blocks Each 16-bit block is further converted to a 4-digit HEX Number & separated bycolons, known as Colon-Hex Notation. Like:FEDC : BA98 :7654 : 3210 : FEDC : BA97 :7654 : 32104PreliminariestoknowtheIP Addressingto00000100=4To understand IP Addressing, we should have to very familiar with Computer number system.Example for First Octet : Total 8 bits, Value will be 0s and 1si.e. 28 = 256 combination27 26 25 24 23 22 21 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 Total IP Address0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 = 1 Range0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 = 2 0 . 0 . 0 . 00 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 = 3255.255.255.2551 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255IP Address ClassesThe designers of the TCP/IP suite defined five blocksofaddresses,calledaddress classes,forspecific network usesandsizesCLASSALAN & WANCLASSBCLASSCCLASSDResearch & DevelopmentCLASSE5Classes Range To identify the range of each class a bit called priority bit is used. Priority Bit is the left most bits in the First OctetCLASSCLASS CLASS CLASSCLASSA priority bit isB priority bit is C priority bit is D priority bit isE priority bit is010110111011116 Classes Range (continu ed) Class A(reserved for governments)Priority bit7 bits24 bits* Coming soon in further slidesClass B (reserved for medium companies)Priority bits14 bits16 bitsClass C (reserved for small companies)Prioritybits21 bits8 bitsClass D (used multicasting)1110Class E (Reserve for future use)11117110netIdhostId10netIdhostId0netId*hostId*Classes A Range0xxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx272600000250000024000002300000220000121001102001010=====01234Class A Range0 . 0 . 0 . 0to127.255.255.255Exception0.X.X.X and 127.X.X.Xnetwork are reserved1111111=1278000000Classes B Range10xxxxxx. xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx2726250000024000002300000220000121001102001010=====128129130131132Class B Range128. 0 . 0 . 0 to191.255.255.255111111=19191 01 01 01 01 01 0Classes C Range110xxxxx. xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx27262524000002300000220000121001102001010=====192193194195196Class C Range192. 0 . 0 . 0 to223.255.255.25511111=223101 1 01 1 01 1 01 1 01 1 01 1 0Classes D Range1110xxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx272625242300000220000121001102001010=====224225226227228Class D Range224. 0 . 0 . 0 to239.255.255.2551111=239111 1 1 01 1 1 01 1 1 01 1 1 01 1 1 01 1 1 0Classes E Range1111xxxx.xxxxxxxx.xxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxx272625242300000220000121001102001010=====240241242243244Class E Range240. 0 . 0 . 0 to255.255.255.2551111=255121 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 1Network & HostIP address is divided intoNetwork & HostPortionN.H.H.HCLASSAiswrittenasN.N.H.HCLASSBiswrittenasN.N.N.HCLASSCiswrittenas13 Class A: Network & Host Class A Octet Format isNetwork bits : 8N.H.H.HHost bits : 24No.==== No.===of Networks28-127128126(-1 is PriorityBit for Class A) 2 (-2 is for 0 & 127 Network)Networksof Host224 2 (-2is for Network ID* & Broadcast- 2ID*)1677721616777214CLASS A126 Networks&16777214 HostsHosts* Coming soon in further slides14 Class B: Network & Host Class B Octet Format isNetwork bits : 16N.N.H.HHost bits : 16No.=== No.===of Networks216-221416384 Networks of Host(-2 is PriorityBit for Class B)216 2(-2 is for Network- 2Hosts/NetworkID & BroadcastID)6553665534CLASSB16384 Networks&65534 Hosts/Nw15 Class C: Network & Host Class C Octet Format isNetwork bits : 24N.N.N.HHost bits : 8No.=== No.===of Networks224-32212097152 Networks of Host(-3 is PriorityBit for ClassC)282 (-2 is for Network- 2Hosts/NetworkID & BroadcastID)256254CLASS C2097152 Networks&254 Hosts/Nw16 Network & Broadcast Address 17 The network address is represented with all bits as ZERO in the host portion of the address The broadcast address is represented with all bits as ONES in the host portion of the address Valid IP Addresses lie between the Network Address and theBroadcast Address. Only Valid IP Addresses are assigned to hosts/clientsExample -Network&Broadcast Address:Class A18Example Network&Broadcast Address:ClassB20Example Network&Broadcast Address:ClassC22Subnet Mask Subnet Mask differentiates Network portion and HostPortion Subnet Mask is been given for host Identification ofNetwork ID Represent all Network Bit Values with 1 Represent all Host Bit Values with 024Default Subnet MaskClass A : N.H.H.H11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000Default Subnet Mask for Class A is255.0.0.0Class B : N.N.H.H11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000Default Subnet Mask for Class B is255.255.0.0Class C : N.N.N.H11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000Default Subnet Mask for Class C is255.255.255.025 How Subnet Mask Works ? It is the way that network devices know where they stand onnetwork.aIP Address: 192.168.1.1Subnet Mask :255.255.255.0ANDING PROCESS:192.168.1.1= 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001255.255.255.0 = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000=======================================192.168.1.0= 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000000=======================================26Above Calculations is done with the Help of AND Table. The output of an AND table is only 1 if both its inputs are 1. For all other possible inputs the output is 0