08 section 6 services catalog

Perforating

6. Completion and Perforating Services

VI

Baker Atlas6-2 Completion and Perforating Services: Perforating

Proper selection of the perforating gun, as well as the conveyance and completion program, is a necessaryundertaking to complete a well to its optimum performance. Critical parameters of a perforating gun’s design orperformance can have positive or negative effects on the perforated completion. Each gun system has featuresand benefits that can be readily identified and used as selection criteria. This section lists the perforating systems,and their individual benefits and strengths as well as identifying techniques and technologies for various typesof completions.

More in-depth information for each service is available on the Baker Atlas website or in the Baker Atlas document Perforating Applications, A Solutions Guide for Perforated Completions. Please contact your localcustomer service representative, or log on to www.bakeratlasdirect.com for more information and a completelist of Baker Atlas services.

Section Contents/Solution Highlights Matrix

Services Catalog Version 2.1; August 2008

Baker Atlas 6-3Completion and Perforating Services: Perforating

Perforating Charges Overview

Wide Selection of Perforating Systems Available to Fit Any Application

Services Catalog Version 2.1; August 2008

Perforating Charges Overview

ChargesPredator ZXSM shaped charges are our deepest-performing perforatingseries. The Predator ZX shaped charge is a market leader in penetrationand performance. This system is designed to give superior performance for natural completions by giving more connectivity to the undisturbedarea of your formation.

Predator XPSM high-performance shaped charge is a premium line ofdeep-penetrating charges providing deep penetration past the damagedor invaded zone. This charge is tested in accordance with the rigid APIRP-19B specification. The charge is designed for use with expendablebar carrier, through-tubing expendable hollow carrier and expendablehollow carrier gun systems.

Predator XSSM shaped charge was recently developed to address theneeds for the stimulated completion. This series of shaped charges wasengineered to alleviate some of the problems encountered with fracingwhen perforating with high-end perforators. The design of these chargesoptimizes the hole size for the stimulation and keeps penetration deepenough to get past a lot of the near-wellbore damage and expose moreof the formation. Our goal was to help frac jobs become more successfuland to help our customers decrease their fracing costs.

Predator FPSM high-performance shaped charge is the new line of bighole charge providing maximum hole size in the casing for optimumtotal-open-flow-area. This charge is used with through-tubing expendablehollow carrier and expendable hollow carrier gun systems.

PredatorTM shaped charge was developed in the 1990s and launchedthe path to high-performance shaped charge technology. This charge isavailable for use with expendable bar carrier, through-tubing expendablehollow carrier and expendable hollow carrier gun systems.

Standard Deep Penetrating (DP) shaped charge is designed for reliable performance with expendable bar carrier, through-tubingexpendable hollow carrier, expendable hollow carrier and ported hollow carrier gun systems.

Standard Big Hole (BH) shaped charge provides a hole size that canbe used in expendable bar carrier, through-tubing expendable hollowcarrier, expendable hollow carrier and ported hollow carrier gun systems.

SpecificationsPlease contact your Baker Atlas representative to select the perforatingsystem and charge to fit your completion requirements.

Additional perforating information can be found in the BakerAtlas/Baker Oil Tools’ Perforating Applications and PerforatingCapabilities book.

Baker Atlas offers a wide range of gun sizes, shot density andshot-phasing options, with either deep-penetrating or big-hole perforating charges to match specific completion requirements.The criteria for choosing a particular perforating system varies. The selection can be a simple matter of economics, conveyance or anticipated well conditions. Each gun system and charge has features and benefits that can be readily identified and used asselection criteria.

API RP-19B Target opened up for measurements

Dynamic Underbalance

Dynamic Underbalance Optimization Process (DUO)

Producing Near-zero Skin During a Perforation Event

Baker Atlas6-4 Completion and Perforating Services: Perforating Services Catalog Version 2.1; August 2008

OperationsDynamically underbalanced perforating is a method of creating an immediate, but temporary, underbalance condi-tion in the wellbore to clean up the perforations without theneed of establishing traditional static underbalance conditions.This is accomplished by using the perforating assembly’sinternal volumes to manipulate wellbore pressure and flow.This method also addresses some operational constraintsthat can exist in some completion processes.

Baker Hughes has developed a customizable vent assembly(IGPV – Inter-Gun Pressure Vent) to enable the dynamicunderbalance requirements of each perforated section. Thesurge assembly creates the required pressure-drop and flow-volume based on DUO pre-job modeling.

HighlightsReduces or eliminates perforating damage and debris,near-zero skin perforationsUses custom-designed programs for each intervalSimplifies well preparation by removing the need forlarge static pressuresReduces risk of environmental impact

Baker Hughes’ Dynamic Underbalance Optimization(DUOSM) process is an analysis and job planning system to engineer the underbalance profile and flowduration during the perforation process, and optimizethe flow efficiency of the perforated completion.

Dynamic Underbalance flow characteristic

Berea core perforated, cut open and examined.

The nearly infinite combination of the number of ports opened in thevent sub and the volume of atmospheric chambers included, allows theBHA to be tailored to precisely match the reservoir requirements.

Baker Atlas 6-5Completion and Perforating Services: PerforatingServices Catalog Version 2.1; August 2008

Overcome Extensive Drilling Damage

StimGun Propellant-Assisted Perforating Products

Increase Productivity

The StimGun process maximizes connectivity by creating fractures to extend beyond the perforation tunnels.

OperationThe StimGun family of products consists of three unique product offerings – the StimGun Assembly, the StimTubeTM

Tool, and the Well Stimulation Tool (WST). These threeproducts allow for maximum stimulation design flexibilityfor a wide range of well configurations.

The StimGun assembly consists of two major components –the perforating gun and the special propellant sleeve surrounding the gun. During the perforating event, the propellant sleeve is ignited, producing a burst of high-pressure gases that enter the formation through the perforations and create fractures. The result is improvedpenetration into the formation and greater connectivity tothe wellbore.

The StimTube and WST instruments are both stimulationtools used as an efficient and economical means to providestimulation to wells having existing perforations or open-hole completions. They are conveyed on wireline and oftencan provide economical alternatives to recompletion and remediation.

An integral portion of the StimGun family of products is the pre-job design analysis from the PulsFracTM modelingsoftware. The results of the PulsFrac analysis are used todefine job parameters such as propellant quantity, fluid level requirements, pressure magnitude and duration, and to optimize the breakdown and fracture results.

ApplicationsWells with extensive near-wellbore damageWells with close oil or water contact, where hydraulicfracturing is not possiblePre-stimulation perforation breakdown to reduce tortuosity and increase injectivityTubing-conveyed or wireline-conveyed perforating applications

The StimGunTM family of propellant-based products offersthe industry the first fully integrated, technology-based,and thoroughly tested tools designed to dynamicallyclean up and stimulate the near-wellbore area.

Pre-job design analysis from PulsFracTM

modeling software.

StimTube and StimGun are trademarks of Marathon Oil Company.

PulsFrac is a trademark of John F. Schatz Research & Consulting Inc.

Drastically Reduce Debris in Extended Reach Wellbores

XLD (eXtreme Low Debris) Perforating Systems

Debris Management


Debris Comparisons

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Debris from StandardSteel Charge (cc/m)

Debris fromPERFFORM low debris

system (cc/m)

New Extreme LowDebris System (cc/m)

Debris Volume (cc/m)

OperationsBaker Hughes has been an innovator and leader in low-debris technology for perforating services in completions.Once again Baker Hughes is advancing low debris technologywith its new XLD (eXtreme Low DebrisSM) perforating system introduced in 2007. This advanced system does notdegrade shaped charge perforation performance, it actuallyenhances it in some cases. The reduction of perforatingdebris volume is 92% less that of steel and 82% less that ofour low-debris PERFFORMSM systems. This significant andimpressive reduction in debris helps keep wellbores cleanerand significantly reduces debris-related issues and theiradverse effects on production.

HighlightsSignificant decrease in debris compared to current industrial low-debris standardsReduced completion problems related to perforating debrisCleaner wellboresAvailable in 33/8" and 4½" (85.7 mm and 114.3 mm)HOPS service

When perforating long intervals in extended reach wellsor where wellbore undulating is present, debris can be an immense problem. Debris can build up in lowareas in the wellbore, even in the perforations tunnels,reducing production and sometimes cutting off intervals.Clean up is very expensive and can damage zonesunder the right circumstances. The eXtreme Low Debrissystem reduces the debris volume by 92% compared tosteel charges without adversely affecting shapedcharge performance.

Reduce Perforating Debris to Enhance Operations

PERFFORM Low Debris Perforating Systems

Effective Sand Control


Comparison of shaped charge debris generated permeter of perforated interval.

Operation

Baker Hughes pioneered low-debris technology whenPERFFORM shaped charges were introduced in 1991, andit has since become the industry benchmark for low-debrisperforating. The PERFFORM perforating system utilizes ashaped charge case and a patented liner that does not producecarrots and coarse steel charge debris. The debris is reducedto a fine, acid-soluble powder, which is easily flowed back.As a direct result of the smaller debris-size distribution, theprobability of plugging is significantly reduced.

The debris from the shaped charge case is soluble tohydrochloric acid at standard concentrations and also to the newer high-temperature organic acids.

The result is a cleaner, more productive gravel pack completion.

HighlightsElimination of carrots Smaller debris sizeIncreased solubility to acidReduced completion problems related to perforating debrisCleaner wellbores and perforationsEnhance formation treatmentCompatible with most completion fluidsAvailable in deep penetrating versions for natural completions and extended reach applicationsAvailable in all shot densities and all gun sizes

Big-hole or “gravel pack” shaped charges use linerswhich, after perforating, re-form into solid plugs of coppercommonly called “carrots.” Carrots and other chargedebris can plug perforations and cause stimulation andcompletion techniques to fail, leading to increased costsand reduced operational efficiency. Plugged perforationsmight not be successfully packed, reducing effectiveshot density and possibly creating a potential for gravelpack failure. PERFFORM SM shaped charges providelow debris, carrot-free perforating operations.

Comparison between PERFFORM low debrisshaped charge (left) and debris generated from a standard shape charge.

INSOLUBLE

97 %

INSOLUBLE

22 %

SOLUBLE

78 %

SOLUBLE

3 %

PERFFORM STEEL

7" OD

12 SPF GP

4-1/2" OD

12 SPF GP

0.0 5 10 15

Kg/meter

Standard Perforator

PERFFORM Low Debris

PERFFORM STEEL

PERFFORM debris is acid soluble compared to standard charge debris.


Larger Perforating Guns for Restricted and Gas Wellbores

XPLS – 2" and 21/2" Low Swell Guns

Thru-Tubing Perforating in Gas and Restricted Profile Wellbores

OperationsThe 2" Predator XP LS is for conditions requiring betterperformance in a well having restrictions that typically mandate the next lower size gun system. Bigger is better, in that the bigger the charge the better performance it has.The smaller gun systems, 19/16" EHC, drastically reduce the perforation hole in a well, thus possibly reducing the potential for the well. This is nothing new – a larger gundown the wellbore leads to better penetration performance.

HighlightsPremium shaped charge with deep penetrationLow swell design means the spent gun can pass throughtighter restrictionsReduction in debrisCan be mixed-loaded with the Predator XSSM

shaped chargesField proven with hundreds of runsAvailable in 2" and 2½" Predator XP shaped chargesPerformance data available at www.api.org

The 2" and 2½" Predator XP Low Swell (LS) gun systems are a breakthrough in performance and debrisreduction for a low swell system. These systems exceedanything in low swell on the market. The low swell aspectof this design was not accomplished by lowering theexplosive gram load and sacrificing performance. This featwas accomplished through new concepts and technologyin the perforating industry developed by Baker Atlas.

2" Predator XP LS charge passingthrough a 2.188" nipple after being shotin fluid.

Debris comparisons from a 2" PredatorXP LS charge (A) and a regular 2" steelshaped charge (B).


Align Perforations with the Formation Stresses

HOPS – Horizontal Oriented Perforating System

Prevent Sand Production

Perforating with respect to in-situ stress

OperationThe Horizontal Oriented Perforating SystemSM service isused to reliably perforate long intervals in highly deviatedand horizontal wellbores where accurate orientation of theperforations is critical. Additionally, Shot DirectionIndicating Devices (SDIDs) can be used throughout the gun string to provide verification the guns orient correctly.

Accurate orientation ability has been engineered into the system and verified by both extensive full-scale laboratorytesting as well as numerous field cases, even in wells havingtortuosity through the perforated interval.

HighlightsUsed in applications such as perforating to prevent sandproduction as well as perforating to avoid water contactAccurate and verifiable orientation in wells having tortuosity up to 10°/30 meter build in the perforated intervalOne recent North Sea job using SDIDs verified orientation was within 7.5° as designed.A world-record job perforated 2,246 meters of interval in one run, using 188 swivel gun connectors with 100% success.

Specifications

Oriented perforating with respect to the in-situ formationstresses has been shown to prevent the onset of sandproduction in moderately competent sandstones. TheHOPSSM service provides accurate and reliable orientationof the perforating guns in highly deviated, extended-reach wells.

Further information on HOPS and oriented perforating is found in SPE

80929, “Advances in Horizontal Oriented Perforating Optimize Perforation

Efficiency and Production While Maintaining Borehole Stability.”

Some of the shot patterns available

Horizontal Oriented Perforating System (HOPS)

Description Specification

Gun OD (in.) 2.88 4.50 6.00 7.00

Shot Density (SPF) 6 Various 5 10

Phasing 10°/350° Various 10°/350° 0°/180°

Charge Type Predator XP and PERFFORM DP


Perforate Without Killing the Well

Snapshot CT Live Well Deployment System

Prevent Formation Damage

OperationThis system is used with a coiled tubing unit to convey theguns and maintain well control during the entire operationwithout introducing potentially damaging kill-weight fluidto the reservoir.

Guns are deployed into the well with the Snapshot connectorusing only stabbing and pulling motions to connect gun sections. This is accomplished by the positive snap latchdesign of the connector, requiring only set-down weight tosnap the latch sub of the upper gun into the receptacle of thelower gun. The gun sections are uncoupled via a dedicatedram in the deployment BOP, which when closed, compresseskeys in the latch sub to release the connection.

To transfer the detonation from one gun section to the next,a field-proven bulkhead ballistic “wet connect” transfer system featuring a donor shaped charge is used. Upon detonation of the upper gun, the donor shaped chargelocated in the latch sub perforates the bulkhead of the transfer sub in the receptacle, and in so doing detonates the lower perforating guns.

ApplicationsUnderbalanced perforating of long intervalsThrough-tubing interventions in deviated or multilateral wellsPerforating long intervals without the need of a drilling or workover rigUnderbalanced perforating of depleted or fluid-sensitive reservoirs

Specifications

The Snapshot CTSM Live Well Deployment System is a special perforating gun system used to deploy andretrieve perforating guns into a producing well withouthaving to kill the well. By not killing the well, no poten-tially damaging kill-weight fluids are placed across the reservoir.


Tool OD (in.) 2.30 3.00

Make-up Length (in.) 37.2 34.4

Pressure Rating (psi) 20,000 20,000

Tensile Rating (lb) 60,000 75,000

Torque Rating (ft-lb) 1,800 3,100


Perforate without Killing the Well

SGS – Stackable Gun System

Prevent Formation Damage

OperationUtilizing either the special pressure set or mechanical setBottom Gun Anchor to establish a fixed bottom, the gunsare lubricated into or out of the well using slickline or wireline, one section at a time. The last gun sectiondeployed contains a TCP-style firing head. After the guns have fired, the gun sections can be retrieved one at a time without the need to kill the well.

HighlightsAdaptable for most applications• Re-perforating• Underbalanced perforating• Depleted or fluid-sensitive formations• Rigless perforating of long intervalsAvailable with mechanical or hydraulic-setCompatible with Predator XPSM perforating systemsCompatible with the StimGunTM systemWireline or slickline conveyance

Specifications

The Stackable Gun System is a special perforating system used in both new well completions and wellinterventions to perforate long intervals underbalanced.As the guns can be retrieved without killing the well, formation damage can be prevented.

Casing Sizes 31/2 41/2 5 & 51/2 7 & 75/8

Gun OD (in.) 2 27/8 33/8 41/2

Gun Lengths (ft) 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 28

Connector M/U 0.97 0.93 1.14 1.12Length (ft)

Fish Neck (in.) 1.75

Centralizer OD (in.) 2.760 3.800 4.375 5.600


Perforate Longer Intervals while Maintaining Pressure Control

IGAR – Inter-Gun Automatic Release

Increase Operational Flexibility

OperationThe IGAR is useful in applications where it is desired toretrieve only a portion of the perforating guns, such asinstances where limited lubricator length prohibits retrievingthe entire perforating assembly.

Detonation of the perforating guns creates a pressure wave that travels through the IGAR to shift a piston upward.A collet, no longer supported by this piston, is now free toretract and the guns are free to separate.

After the IGAR has released, a fishing neck profile is provided on the “left in hole” portion of the tool to alloweasy retrieval using a standard fishing overshot.

HighlightsThrough-tubing wireline perforating of intervals longerthan the wireline lubricator lengthUnderbalanced perforating of depleted or fluid-sensitive reservoirs Useful for TCP, CT and top-fire wireline conveyed perforating jobsCan be placed at any connection along the gun string

Specifications

The Inter-Gun Auto Release (IGAR) is a modularrelease tool used within the perforating gun assemblyto automatically release a portion of the perforatingguns after the guns have detonated. This feature allowsperforation of longer-length intervals on wire or coilwhile at the same time allowing simple pressure-controlled retrieval of the gun sections without the need of expensive surface deployment systems.

Size CIS

OD [Max] (in.) 3.125

Operating Pressure (psi) 20,000

Tensile Rating (lb) 40,000

Fishing Neck OD (in.) 1.375

Temperature Rating Dependent on Explosives Used

Service Standard


Tool Size 43 45 47 51

Casing Size (in.) 41/2 to 5 51/2 7 to 75/8 95/8

Pressure Rating (psi) 15,000

Load Limit (lbs) 35,000

Perforate Longer Intervals on Wireline with Fewer Runs

J-GB – Model J-Gun Brake

Reduce Completion Costs

OperationThe J-Gun Brake is a compact, economical, temporary gunanchor that minimizes gun shock to the wireline ropesocket. The J-GB is set with axial movement (up/down),and simple overpull releases the tool and resets it to therun-in position. Depending upon the requirements, the J-GBcan be assembled in either the “Compression Set Mode” toprevent the guns from being blown downward in balancedor slightly overbalanced applications, or in the “Tension SetMode” to prevent the guns from being blown upward during underbalanced perforating.

Unlike other gun brake devices that attempt to restrict or“brake” any movement after detonation, the J-GB isanchored securely before the perforating event.Additionally, the J-GB features a “Gun Shock Position” that will automatically reset if movement in the opposite direction occurs.

HighlightsPerforate longer intervals on wireline without the needfor a rig or TCPRugged and reliable construction utilizing proven Baker Oil Tools technologyCase Study: 145 feet of 41/2" OD 12 SPF perforating gunsshot in one run in BrazilCase Study: 42 feet of 7" OD 18 SPF big hole guns shotin the Gulf of Mexico in one run

Specifications

The ability to perforate multiple or long-length intervalsin one run using wireline can drastically reduce rig time,saving completion costs. With the Model J-Gun Brake(J-GB), longer and heavier guns are run in a single trip,where in the past multiple runs would have been required.This time savings can significantly reduce operatingcosts for deepwater completions.


EMO – Electro-Magnetic Orienting Perforating

Proven Technology to Avoid Perforating the Long String

Reliably Perforate the Upper Zone

OperationOriented perforating in the direction opposite the lowerinterval production string (long string) is accomplished withthrough-tubing perforating using the EMO system. Usingthe properties of electro-magnetism to detect the mass ofthe long string and incorporating a rugged downhole motorand anchor, the perforating guns can be selectively rotatedto a position to fire opposite the long string.

HighlightsFully compatible with the Guardian systemField proven technology, years of reliabilityCombinable with most perforating systems, including the Predator XPSM high-performance shaped chargesFor through-tubing applications in 23/8" and greater tubingCan be configured to perforate the long string, via the short string, for well control and pipe recovery applications

Inadvertent perforating of the long string can introducesafety and production concerns, as well as unnecessarycosts and complexities. The upper zone of a dual completion can be reliably perforated using the proven“EMO” perforating system to orient the perforationsaway from the long string.


Perforating Deviated or Long Intervals without a Rig on Location

CTCP – Coiled Tubing Conveyed Perforating

Reduce Costs for Interventions

Operation

Coiled tubing offers a number of operational and economicadvantages including: live well intervention, elimination ofwell kill and potentially damaging fluids, reduced operationalfootprint, horizontal well intervention and the ability to intervene without a rig. Its tubular construction allows aconduit for circulation and pressure control and, coupledwith the ability to install electric line into the tubing, makescoiled tubing a highly versatile conveyance method.

Baker Hughes provides perforating solutions that capturethe benefits of using coiled tubing conveyance while providing field-proven technology.

ApplicationsThrough-tubing interventionsSnapshot CTSM Live Well Deployment System for intervention without need of well killCombinable with electric wireline provides positive per-forating depth and multiple zone SelectFire applicationsPerforating of highly deviated and extended-reach wellswithout need for drilling rigPipe recovery applications such as perforating for circulation and tubing cutter operations

Highlights1,455 feet (443 meters) of 2" OD x 6 SPF perforatingguns conveyed in one run successfully perforated and retrieved758 feet (231 m) of 19/16" OD x 4 SPF perforating gunsconveyed in one run successfully perforated and retrieved

Perforating of highly deviated wells without need for adrilling rig on location can reduce costs significantly.Coiled tubing provides an efficient and cost-effectiveconveyance method of perforating guns. Coiled tubingprovides the rigidity necessary to place perforating gunsin extended-reach wells, and has the needed the strengthto run longer-length gun assemblies compared to conventional wireline conveyance.


Save Time on Well Completions

NeoTrip – One-Trip Perforate and Completion Systems

Proven Cost Savings

System Firing Option Anchor Option

Neo-Trip HH Hydraulic HBGA

Neo-Trip PH Passive HBGA

Neo-Trip RH Redundant HBGA

Neo-Trip MJ Mechanical JBGA

Neo-Trip RHR Redundant HR

OperationLeveraging expertise from all Baker Hughes completionstechnologies, the NeoTrip completion systems present a true “one-trip” perforate and completion solution that is fieldproven. The well is perforated after the completion, and production equipment is in place and flanged up, so produc-tion can be brought on immediately.

HighlightsUtilizes the Hydraulic Bottom Gun Anchor (HBGA), the Model J Bottom Gun Anchor (JBGA), or the Hangand Release Gun Hanger (HR) to provide a temporaryplatform to secure the guns on depth.A selection of firing methods includes pressure or mechanically actuated, redundant pressure-fire, and slickline-conveyed passive systems. The gun assembly is run as the bottom-most portion ofthe completion. After setting the anchor to secure the gunsat shooting depth, the completion string is separated fromthe bottom-hole assembly and repositioned to the desiredsetting depth. The wellhead can be installed.The completion string can be set as far uphole from the perforating guns as desired. This allows future completions without tailpipe interference.After firing, the perforating gun assembly automaticallydrops to bottom, providing fullbore access.Systems available for 41/2" casing through 95/8" casings.

Sample Configurations

The benefits of a successful “one-trip” style completioninclude saving rig time and minimizing fluid losses. TheNeoTripSM series of one-trip completions have beenproven in the Gulf of Mexico and other regions to successfully provide novel solutions that save time and offer flexibility.


Save Rig Time and Reduce Fluid Loss

PDP – Perforate and Gravel Pack Completion System

Simplify the Gravel Packed Completion

OperationLeveraging expertise from all Baker Hughes completionstechnologies, the PDP system presents a field-proven, “one-trip” perforate and gravel pack solution. The perforating and gravel pack operations are conducted after the completion equipment is flanged up; productionbegins immediately thereafter.

The gun and screen assemblies are run in on the completionstring with either the Hydraulic Bottom Gun Anchor (HBGA)or the Model J Bottom Gun Anchor (JBGA) to provide atemporary platform. The completion string is separatedfrom the bottom-hole assembly and raised to the desired setting depth. The completion is set, and the well is flangedup. The guns and screen drop immediately after firing to the pre-determined PBTD; the screens are now across theperforations. A simple over-the-top-style frac pack is thenperformed, and the well is brought on production.

HighlightsOver 15 successful runs to date in the Gulf of Mexicoand Asia Pacific regions (2003)Systems available for 41/2" casing through 9 5/8" casingDetonated by either mechanical or hydraulic meansCombine with StimGunTM to reduce the perforation breakdown pressures Combine with the TCP Firing Head Setting Tool to runand set the plug on the same trip

The PDP Perforate and Gravel Pack Completion Systemcombines proven TCP and sand control technologies.This “one-trip” gravel pack completion provides benefitssuch as reduced rig time and fluid loss for wells not requiring a complex gravel pack procedure.


Directional Perforating with Respect to the Fracture Planes

TCP-AOP – TCP Azimuthally Oriented Perforating

Reduce the Fracturing Costs

OperationThe perforating guns are aligned with the oriented-indicatingsub, which is placed above the firing head and ported discassembly. Once the guns are on depth, the gyroscope is conveyed on electric line and seats in the oriented indicatingsub. With real-time reading provided by the gyroscope, rotating the pipe at the surface aligns the perforations to the desired azimuth.

HighlightsPositive orientation for proper alignmentReduces costs involved with stimulating the wellIdeal for vertical wells Verifies proper alignment prior to perforatingSystems available for all tubing sizes

For reservoirs requiring stimulation, orienting the perforations to the fracture plane helps reduce thebreakdown pressure. A novel TCP method allows perforations to be azimuthally oriented using a gyroscope and a properly aligned oriented-indicatingsub. This method provides real-time verification of the orientation prior to perforating.


PSI – Parallel Perforating System

Reduce the Costs Associated with Stimulating Multiple Zones

Stimulate, then Perforate, in a Single Run

OperationsThis system offers a unique approach by stimulating a lowerzone, and then moving up the hole to perforate the nextzone. The perforating gun and firing head assembly areside-mounted to the workstring, providing non-restrictiveflow during the stimulation process.

To perforate, a pump-through plug is dropped from the surface seats, isolating the hydraulic firing head. Pressure isthen applied to fire the gun. Additional pressure ruptures thedisc in the plug to reestablish circulation.

HighlightsSpecial TCP application for stimulating zones andthen perforatingAllows rotation of the workstring for setting packers or actuating accessory toolsSafe and reliableUnlimited number of intervals may be treated Field provenMay be used in any deviation

Specifications

In highly deviated wells requiring staged stimulations,numerous runs are necessary: one trip to perforate and one trip to stimulate. The PSI Parallel PerforatingSystem, a special TCP application, incorporates a perforating assembly with the workstring. Using thissystem, the zones are stimulated then perforated in asingle run, thus reducing the number of runs required.

System Size 7-inch OD casing

Gun OD (in.) 27⁄8

Shot Density (SPF) 6

Phasing 60º/240º

Max Torque (ft-lb) 5,000

Max Tensile Strength (lb) 180,000

Pressure Rating (psi) 15,000


Save Rig Time and Tailor the Completion of Each Zone

Tubing-Conveyed Dual String Perforating Systems

Reduce Cost and Increase Efficiency on Complex Completions

OperationTubing-conveyed perforating offers flexibility and adapt-ability for multi-zone, single-selective and other complexwell completion designs. Combining the TCP as part of thecompletion string reduces rig time and enables the well tobe brought on production immediately after perforating. Bynot killing the well to retrieve the spent perforating guns,potentially damaging fluids are not required.

Inadvertent perforating of the long string can introduce safety and production concerns, as well as adding costs and complexity. Perforating in the direction opposite theproduction string is accomplished by using specially-configured TCP perforating guns and hardware that maintain orientation during the trip in the hole.

HighlightsTCP systems for dual-string applications in most casing sizesMaximum underbalance to promote effective perforation clean-upImmediate production without killing the wellCombinable with most guns, including the Predator XP SM

high-performance shaped chargesApplicable for multiple, fluid-sensitive and depleted intervals

Multiple zones can be individually isolated and perforatedaccording to the optimum completion program for eachreservoir. Zones can be perforated underbalanced,overbalanced, or with specialized fluids to best optimizeproductivity. Tubing-conveyed perforating guns areinstalled as part of the completion and positioned toperforate away from adjacent production strings, reducingtime and increasing operating efficiency.


GDN – Guardian II/EBW Perforating Package

Perforating Using Electrical Devices

Wireline Perforating Safety


Temperature -13º F to +437º F (-25º C to +225º C)Rating (°F)

Input 22-230 VDC @ 160-260 mA

Output (Firing) 5000 V+15% / >2000 A / <250 nsVoltage

Pressure Rating Dependent on the gun system

OperationThe Guardian II system consists of two main components:the exploding bridgewire (EBW) detonator and electronicmodules known as the PX-1.

The EBW detonator does not contain a primary explosiveand is immune to initiation by external power sources.

Activating the PX-1 module causes a capacitor to chargeand release the stored electrical energy into the bridgewirewithin the EBW detonator. This time-dependent energyrelease causes the bridgewire to explode into the secondaryexplosive of the detonator thus beginning the high-orderexplosive process.

HighlightsAvailable for all perforating gun sizesAvailable for both bottom-fire and top-fire systemsAvailable for packer setting tools and pipe recovery applicationsField-proven technology, years of reliabilityEliminates the need for any of the following during theperforating process:• Radio silence• Shutdown of cathodic protection• Shutdown of welding process

Specifications

The Guardian II system is a ballistic fire control systemspecifically designed for perforating safety. This systemeliminates the need for radio silence, shutting down ofcathodic protection, or welding during the perforatingoperations. In areas where remote reporting sensorsand transmitters are used, the Guardian II system iscritical to ensure safety.

Baker Atlas6-22 Services Catalog Version 2.1; August 2008

08 section 6 services catalog

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