083 infra finalanupam

1 Challenge the future

on the tire-pavement friction Study of Cornering Maneuvers of Pneumatic Tires on AC Surfaces using FEM

S.K. Srirangam K. Anupam A. Scarpas C.Kasbergen M. Kane


Asphalt Pavement

Mechanism of Rubber Friction

Hysteresis loop

Force

Displacement

Loading

Unloading

3 Challenge the future 3

Tire components


Water jet

Rubber slice Rubber samples

Rubber Rheological Tests

5 Challenge the future 5

Rubber Rheological Tests

0.E+00

5.E+05

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4.E+06

0 50 100 150 200Temperature (oC)

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ase

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a)

ComplexModulusPhase Angle

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(o)

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6

Tire stiffness calibration

(iv) Load = 1000N


7

FE tire footprint calibration

(iv) Load = 1000N

Computed FAR

Measu

red F

AR


Scope of study The effect of axle load The effect of inflation pressure The effect of tire sideslip angle The effect of speed The effect of temperature The effect of macrotexture

on the tire-pavement

friction


Mechanical deformation

analysis

Tire-pavement contact

Tire-rim-ambience

Heat exchange Axi-symmetry

Contained air

Tire-pavement heat conduction

Sidewall-ambience

heat exchange

Heat transfer

analysis

FE Modeling Energy dissipation

analysis


FE Modeling

Mechanical deformation

analysis


Heat transfer

analysis

Energy dissipation

analysis

Tire-rim-ambience

Heat exchange Axi-symmetry

Contained air

Tire-pavement heat conduction

Sidewall-ambience

heat exchange


FE Modeling Mechanical deformation

analysis



FE Modeling

Master surface segments

Penetration

Slave surface nodes

Slave nodes cannot penetrate master segments


FE Modeling

Master surface segments

Penetration

Slave surface nodes

Slave nodes cannot penetrate master segments

Energy dissipation

analysis



analysis

T

v e v

0

W S : L dt

TM Kkm kmve v

m 1 k 1 0

W 1Q S : L dt

T T

E¥

1E

1h

2E

NE

2h

Nh

s sσ

E1 η1

E2 η2

En ηn

E∞

σ

a)


FE Modeling Heat transfer analysis

Region Heat Transfer Coefficient (W/m2

0C)

Tread/Road Contact 12000

Tread/Air 5.9 3.7v+

Sidewall/Air 5.9 3.7v+

Tire/Rim Contact 88000

Linear/Cavity Air 5.9


FE Modeling


Validation


Tire temperature (°C)

Coef

fici

ent

of

fric

tion

Simulation

results

Oliver (1989)

Validation


Our Field Validation - Adhera longitudinal friction testing device

- Tire type (PIARC 185/60 R15) - Slip ratio (100%) - Velocity (40, 60 ; 80; 90 km/h) - Tire inflation pressure and weight (200 kPa & 2.5 kN) - Pavement surface texture (Porous Asphalt Concrete 0/6; Dense Asphalt Concrete 0/10) - Water thickness (0.5; 1.0 mm)

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

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0,8

40 60 80 90

Exp FE


Heat transfer analysis


analysis

α

PIARC Smooth Tire

Wheel direction

Longitudinal direction

AC Surface


Results and discussions

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80

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400



µ

0

10

20

30

40

50

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80

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

Tread SidewallPA pavement

Inflation pressure

200 kPa

Speed 45 km/h

Side-slip angle 5°

Te

mp

era

ture

(°C

)

Load on Tire (N)

Effect of loading on tire temperature



µ Effect of loading on cornering friction-PA surface

TT

(°C

)

Total Temperature, T (°C) = AT+PT

0,0

0,1

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0,5

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0,9

1,0

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

1 degree 2 deg 3 4 deg 7 deg 8 deg 9 deg 10 deg

Load on Tire (N)

Corn

ering F

riction C

oeffic

ient

PA pavement

200 kPa inflation pressure

Speed : 45 km/h

decreasing slip angle



µ Effect of loading on cornering friction-UTS surface T

T (

°C)

Load on Tire (N)

Co

rne

rin

g F

rictio

n C

oe

ffic

ien

t

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

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0,9

1,0

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

UTS pavement


Speed : 45 km/h




µ Effect of loading on cornering friction-SMA surface

TT

(°C

)

Total Temperature, T (°C) = AT+PT Load on Tire (N)

Co

rne

rin

g F

rictio

n C

oe

ffic

ien

t

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

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0,8

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500

SMA pavement


Speed : 45 km/h




µ Effect of inflation pressure on tire temperature

Te

mp

era

ture

(°C

)

Inflation Pressure(kPa)

0

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Tread Sidewall

Inflation pressure (kPa)



µ Effect of inflation pressure on cornering friction-UTS surface

0,0

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1,0

100 150 200 250 300 350

1 deg 2 deg 3 deg 4 deg 5 deg 6 deg 7 deg 8 deg 9 deg 10 deg

Speed

UTS pavement

Load 4000 N

Speed 45 km/h

Co

rne

rin

g F

rictio

n C

oe

ffic

ien

t

Inflation Pressure (kPa)




µ Effect of inflation pressure on cornering friction-SMA surface

Speed

Corn

ering F

riction C

oeffic

ient

0,0

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0,9

100 150 200 250 300 350

1 deg 2 deg 3 deg 4 deg 5 deg 6 deg 7 deg 8 deg 9 deg 10 deg

Inflation Pressure (kPa)

SMA pavement

Load 4000 N

Speed 45 km/h



Speed (km/h)

Co

rne

rin

g F

rictio

n C

oe

ffic

ien

t

0,0

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1,0

25 35 45 55 65 75

1 degree 2 deg 3 4 deg 5 deg 6 deg 7 deg 8 deg 9 deg 10 deg


µ

Side slip angle Effect of speed on cornering friction


Conclusions

Tire-pavement Friction

Speed

Tire load

Temperature

#For a fixed pavement surface type and side slip angle


Conclusions

#For a fixed pavement surface type and speed

Tire-pavement Friction

Slip angle

Texture

Inflation pressure


Conclusions

µ

Porous Asphalt

Ultra-Thin Surface

Stone Mastic Asphalt


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µ

083 infra finalanupam

Engineering

en n e

future validation

tire components

future scope of study

effect of tire sideslip

fe tire footprint calibration

tire stiffness calibration

kmh tire i