0:i · 2011-05-15 · ' 0:i ari research note 89-41 development of the ah-64a display (0...

i ' 0:ARI Research Note 89-41

Development of the AH-64A Display(0 Symbology Training Moduleqj

John W. Ruffner, Gary W. Coker, and Richard D. WeeterN Anacapa Sciences, Inc.

for

Contracting Officer's RepresentativeCharles A. Gainer

P 1 11-

e EL&'CTECOCT 16 1989 ARI Aviation R&D Activity

D Charles A. Gainer, Chief

Training Research LaboratoryJack H. Hiller, Director

August 1989

United States Army

Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences

Approved for the public release; distrbution is unlimited.

89 10 1 3063

U.S. ARMY RESEARCH INSTITUTE

FOR THE BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL SCIENCES

A Field Operating Agency Under the Jurisdictionof the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnel

EDGAR M. JOHNSON JON W. BLADESTechnical Director COL, IN

Commanding

Research accomplished under contractfcr the Department of the Army

Anacapa Sciences, Inc. Accesion ForNTiS CRA&I -

DIIC TAB 0

Technical review by ,.ia:td,

Charles A. Gainer By

0, ,t :b, 1!o1UT. 'C4 Codes

COPY A Av,id , ( or

IfISPECTE1 Dist zteca

NO'iICES

DISTRIBUTION: This report has been cleared for release to the Defense Technical InformationCenter (DTIC) to comply with regulatory requirements. It has been given no primary distributionother than to DTIC and will be available only through DTIC or the National Technical InformationalService (NIIS).

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AS1690-322-89 ARI Research Note 89-41

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6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City; State, and ZIP Code)P.O. Box 489 ATTN: PERI-IRFort Rucker, AL 36362-5000 Fort Rucker, AL 36362-5354

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63007A 795 335 C611. TITLE (Include Security Classification)

Development of the AH-64A Display Symbology Training Module

12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S)Ruffner, John W.; Coker, Gary W.; and Weeter, Richard D.

13a. TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) 15. PAGE COUNTInterim FROM 86/12 TO 89/04 1989, August 334

16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATIONAll research on this project was technically monitored by Mr. Charles A. Gainer, Chief, U.S.Army Research Institute Aviation Research and Development Activity (ARIARDA), Fort Rucker, AL

17. COSATI CODES ' 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary cnd identify by block number)FIELD ROUP SUB-GR0'P Aviator training, Display symbology, (§' ,05 08 Computer-based instruction -f

Visual displays,

19, ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by blcck number)Zr To become fully qi.alified in the AH-64A attack helicopter, a student aviator must learn

to identify and interpret the individual symbols presented on the helicopter's visual dis-plays and to interpret the information provided by groups of symbols. This report describeswork accomplished to develop a training module for teaching aviators to identify and inter-pret the symbology used on the AH-64A visual displays. The training module, known as the"Symbology Tutor," consists of an introductory section, a help system, and five lessons thatprovide instruction on the symbols contained in the AH-64A flight symbology set. The lessonscover symbols dealing with (a) position and movement, (b) attitude and altitude, (c) headingand navigation, (d) cueing and reference, and (e) weapons usage. Each lesson is dividedinto a tutorial and a quiz. Storyboards have been developed for each of the five lessons andare included in the appendixes of the report. Computer programs have been completed for thefirst two lessons. The report describes the completed portions of the Symbology Tutor andidentifies the required computer hardware. ki

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE AH-64A DISPLAY SYMBOLOGY TRAINING MODULE

CONTENTS

Page

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............... v

INTRODUCTION...............................1

PNVS Symbology............................2TADS Symbology............................3Training Process........................3Need......:....................:.:............. ....... 5Project Objectives. ...................... 5Research Approach..........................6

DESCRIPTION OF THE SYMBOLOGY TUTOR..................7

Storyboards............................7Computer Programs............................13Hardware Requirements......................30

APPENDIX A. SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 1:POSITION/MOVEMENT SYMBOLS .............. A-i

B. SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 2:ATTITUDE/ALTITUDE SYMBOLS .............. B-i

C. SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 3:HEADING/NAVIGATION SYMB3OLS...........C-1

D. SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 4:CENTRAL/PERIPHERAL CUEING/REFERENCE SYMBOLS .. D-1

E. SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 5:WEAPONS USAGE SYMBOLS.................E-1

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Symnbology Tutor lessons................8

2. Number of storyboards in the Symbology Tutorlessons.............................13

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. All of the symbols contained in the AH--64A

flight symbology set (PNVS symbology) ......... 2

CONTENTS (Continued)

±£age

2. A12 of the symbols contained in the AH-64A

weapons symbology set (TADS symbology) .. ..... 4

3. Example of a standard tutorial storyboard .... 9

4. Example of a tutorial storyboard with asupplementary graphic .... .............. . i.11

5. Example of a quiz storyboard ... .......... . 12

6. Opening screen in the introductory section . . . 14

7. Screen describing the purpose and contentsof the Symbology Tutor ..... ............ . 15

8. Screen describing the use of the computerkeys ......... .................... . 16

9. Screen describing the use of the status line . 17

10. Screen showing the main menu options . ...... . 18

11. Screen showing the help system options ..... . 20

12. Screen showing the options in the referencesubsection of the help system .. .......... ... 21

13. Example of a screen from the symbology modedictionary ....... ................... . 22

14.- Example of a screen from the symboldictionary ....... ................... . 23

15. Screen provided to the student for choosinga lesson ........ ................... . 25

16. Example of a standard screen from the Lesson 1tutorial section ...... ................ . 26

17. Example of a screen with a supplementarygraphic from the Lesson 1 tutorial section . . . 27

18. Example of a screen from the Lesson 1 quizsection ........ ..................... ... 29

iv

GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ADSS - Air Data Sensor Subsystem

AGL - Above Ground Level

AH - Attack Helicopter

AQC - Aviator Qualification Course

ARIARDA - Army Research Institute Aviation Research andDevelopment Activity

CMS - Combat Mission Simulator

CPG - Copilot/Gunner

CRT - Cathode Ray Tube

CVEPT - Cockpit Weapons and Emergency Procedures Trainer

EGA - Enhanced Graphics Adapter

FCC - Fire Control Computer

FLIR - Forward-Looking Infrared

HARS - Heading and Attitude Reference System

HMD - Helmet-Mounted Display

IERW - Initial Entry Rotary Wing

IHADSS - Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System

LDNS - Lightweight Doppler Navigation System

LOAL - Lock-On-After-Launch

LOBL - Lock-On-Before-Launch

LOS - Line of Sight

PNVS - Pilot Night Vision System

SME - Subject Matter Expert

TADS - Target Acquisition and Detection System

TSTT - TADS Selected Task Trainer

VDU - Visual Display Unit

v

DEVELOPMENT OF THE AH-64A DISPLAY SYMBOLOGYTRAINING MODULE

Introduction

The AH-64A attack helicopter is a two-crewmember air-craft designed to fly nap-of-the-earth missions to detect,engage, and destroy enemiy armor during day or night and underall weather conditions. To provide this capability, theAH-64A is equipped with several complex flight and weaponsdelivery systems. The successful operation of these systemsrequires that the pilot and copilot/gunner (CPG) be able toidentify and interpret both visual imagery and symbolicinformation presented on visual displays.

The AH-64A visual display systems that provide infor-mation to the pilot and the CPG are the Pilot Night VisionSystem (PNVS) and the Target Acquisition and Detection System(TADS). The PNVS provides forward-looking infrared (FLIR)imagery that enables the pilot to fly the aircraft at nightand during degraded visibility conditions. The TADS is usedby the CPG for target search, detection, recognition anddesignation. The TADS uses information from three sensors:the FLIR system, the day television viewing system, and thedirect view optics system. These three sensors provide theCPG with visual information to detect and engage targets atstandoff ranges during day or night operations and in adverseweather conditions. The Fire Control Symbol Generatorsuperimposes flight and weapons symbology on the imageiydisplayed by the PNVS and the TADS.

The visual imagery and symboloy from the PNVS and theTADS can be presented to the pilot on a 4.0" by 5.0" panel-mounted display or to the CPG on a 2.25" by 3.25" panel-

mounted display. In addition, the imagery and symbology canbe presented to either crewmember through the Helmet-MountedDisplay (HMD), which consists of a l-irch diameter CRTattached to the helmet. The HMD is a monocular display thatenables the crewmember to cross-check flight and weaponsinformation superimposed on infrared sensor imagery whiledirecting attention outside the cockpit. All the displaysprovide the crewmember with a 300 (vertical) by 40' (hori-zontal) field of view.

11

PNVS Symbology

The PNVS symbology (flight symbology set) consists ofthe 27 alphanumeric and shape coded symbols shown in Figure1. The symbols are designed to help the crewmember fly theaircraft. Not all the symbols shown in Figure 1 will appearon the displays at the same time. Many of the computergenerated symbols are adaptations of traditional electro-mechanical instruments and are located in fixed positions onthe displays (e.g., Heading Scale, Vertical Altitude Scale).Some, however, are unique dynamic representations of spatialinformation that move about the displays and in or out of theviewing areas as a result of sensor orientation or changes inaircraft position (e.g., Cued Line of Sight [LOS] Reticle,Hover Position Box).

Heading Scale

W 30 33 N 3 6

Command Heading Alternate Sensor1 1Lubber Line Bearing Rate of

Torque __; s "cae <(Box appears at Z> 98%)'1QI 1"

Head Tracker Cueing Cued LOS Ra.e o nDots _Rfate of , I ,",

R eticle IndicatorHover -- . . .- .

HvrHorizon Line / IAltitude Digital u T .

Postion HIz Readout H IBox 1 1 6 Velocity " - " 0 0 V rc

Airspeed Vector VeticLO Attitude, - I HI/LOAlert Tape

LOS- Reticle

Acceleration VertialCue Altitude

- - Skid/Slip Ball ...........................Rocket Steenng & Lubber Lines Miss;le Constraints Box

Cursor . (Lock-On-Before-Launch)

Fixed Rocket Steering

Cued LOS Dot Field of View Box Field of Regard Box

Figure 1. All of the symbols contained in the AH-64A flightsymbology set (PNVS symbology).

2

To reduce clutter and to make the symbolic informationmore task specific, there are four operating modes that pre-sent subsets of the 27 symbols. Symbols representing air-craft heading, airspeed, altitude, engine torque, and certainother basic flight information are provided constantly duringall four modes. The hov1ermod= adds a velocity vector and anacceleration cue to aid the pilot in maintaining a hover.Selection of the transition mode adds a horizon line to thehover mode subset and is used when changing from a hover tocruise flight. Once cruise flight has been established,selection of the cruise mode removes the velocity vector andacceleration cue, adding cnly the horizon line to the basicsymbology set. To aid the pilot in returning to a chosenlocation or remaining over the location with a specificheading, a bob-up mode adds the velocity vector, accelerationcue, command heading, and hover position symbols to the basicflight informaticn.

TADS Symboloav

The TADS -%ymbology (weapons symbology set) consists ofthe 17 alphanumeric and shape coded symbols shown inFigure 2. Fourteen symbols are common to both the flight andweapons symbolology sets. The symbols are designed to assistthe crewmember during the operation of the weapons systems.There is only one operating mode for the TADS symbology, butnot all the symbols shown in Figure 2 will appear on thedisplays at the same time. The numbei of symbols displayedat any given time depends on the nature of the weapons tasks.

Training Process

To become fully qualified in the AH-64A attack heli-copter, a student aviator must learn to identify and inter-pret the indlvidual symbols presented on the helicopter'svisual displays and to interpret the information provided bygroups of symbols. During the AH-64 Aviator QualificationCourse (AQC), student aviators are taught to use the symbol-ogy through classroom lectures, videotape presentations,self-study handouts, and technical manuals containing staticdiagrams of the symbology. Opportunities for additionalpractice with the display symbology are available on threetraining devices: (a) the TADS Selected Task Trainer (TSTT),(b) the Cockpit Weapons and Emergency Procedures Trainer(CWEPT), and (c) the Combat Mission Simulator (CMS).

3

Heading Scale

W 30 33 ti 3 6I'i jliii iii

A Alternate SensorTADS Bearing Lubber Line Bearing

FLIRSelected Sensor = = ,,-

I

r Cued LOS

LOS Reticle

Rebcle- R 'W Cueing Dots

Fixed RocketSteering Cursor L

Rocket SteeringCursor TADS Field of

View Gates

Missile Constraints BoxAirspeed Radar Altitude (Lock-On-Before-Launch)

116 200

Cued Los Dot Field of View Box Field of Regard Box

Figure 2. All of the symbols contained in the Ah-64A weaponssymbology set (TADS symbology).

The TS-T is a part-task trainer designed to support(a) initial CPG qualification and refresher training in theAH-64A and (b) TADS skill sustainment during mission andcontinua-Lion training in operational aviation units. Itprovides practice only with weapons symbology. The CWEPT isa full-scale crew station procedures trainer. It is designedto provide training to the pilot and the CPG in both normaland emergency flight procedures and avionics equipmentoperation. The CMS is a six degree-of-freedom, motion-basedsimulator designed to simulate the flight and weaponscapabilities of the AH-64A aircraft. It is currently used toprovide training in combat mission scenarios during theCombat Skills phase of the AH-64 AQC and during operationalaviation unit training. Both the CWEPT and the CMS providethe opportunity for practice with flight and weaponssymbology.

4

Need

The training design features of the TSTT, CWEPT, and CMSdo not include initial training on symbology identificationand interpretation. Students assigned to training lessons onthese devices are assumed to be familiar with flight andweapons symbology. However, TSTT, CWEPT, and CMS instructorsreport that they spend a large amount of time training basicsymbology skills in these devices. Furthermore, studentstraining in the TSTT, CWEPT, or CMS typically do not haveopportunities to use the AH-64A display symbology under thefull range of missions, modes, weapons, system options, andsystem failures. A device that provides specialized trainingin symbology identification and interpretation would improvethe efficiency of TSTT, CWEPT, and CMS instruction. There-fore, the Training and Doctrine Command System Manager forthe AH-64A requested that the Army Research InstituteAviation Research and Development Activity (ARIARDA) developa training module for AH-64A flight and weapons symbology.

Project Objectives

ARIARDA established nine specific design objectives forthe training module. The training module should:

• be designed in a self-instructional format (i.e., notrequire an instructor);

" be designed to provide training in a classroomsetting;

" be designed to train symbology for the full range ofaircraft mission and weapon system options;

" be capable of storing performance data and providingone or more performance indexes after each trainingexercise;

* be capable of providing immediate feedback and reme-dial instruction when errors occur;

* be suitable for both skill acquisition training in aninstitutional setting and skill sustainment trainingin an operational unit setting;

* be flexible enough to allow revisions resulting froin(a) design changes in the aircraft, (b) design changesin the avionics system, or (c) deficiencies in thetraining module revealed by formal evaluation andfeedback from the user;

* be designed to augment rather than replace existingtraining devices; and

5

be economical in that it does not require thefabrication and use of mockups or other costlytraining aids.

Research Approach

Researchers at Anacapa Sciences, Inc., began work on thetraining module in December 1986. The researchers inter-viewed subject matter experts (SMEs) who were knowledgeableabout the AH-64A display symbology. The SMEs included aca-demic instructors from the AH-64 AQC, CWEPT instructors, andAH-64A instructor pilots. As a result of these interviews,it was concluded that performance deficiencies exist in thefollowing areas:

• identifying and interpreting individual symbols pre-sented alone,

" identifying and interpreting symbols in the context ofother symbols,

" interpreting the meaning of symbology movement,

* correctly associating switch actions and control move-ments with static or dynamic symbology, and

" alternating attention between the display symbologyand the external visual scene.

The researchers decided to organize the symbology train-ing module into two parts. The objective of the first partof the training module is to address the first three perfor-mance deficiencies by providing skill acquisition training insymbol identification and interpretation for individual sym-bols and small, related subsets of symbols. The objective ofthe second part is to address the last two deficiencies byproviding training in (a) correctly associating switchactions and control movements associated with the symbologyand (b) alternating attention between the symbology and real-world and infrared visual imagery. After considering theproject objectives, the training module design objectivesestablished by ARIARDA, and the capabilities and limitationsof existing training devices, the researchers concluded thatthe most appropriate medium for the training module wascomputer-based instruction.

6

Description of the Symbology Tutor

The Symbology Tutor is organized into three parts:(a) an introductory section, (b) a help system, and (c) fiveself-contained lessons. The introductory section providesthe student with a brief orientation of the Symbology Tutorand contains instructions on how to use the program'sfeatures. The help system provides the student with on-lineassistance for using the Symbology Tutor and for navigatingthrough the program. Both the introductory section and thehelp system have been completed and will be described in alater section of the report.

Each of the five lessons consists of a tutorial sectionand a quiz section. Lessons have been developed only for thesymbols in the flight symbology set. Time and resources werenot available to develop lessons for the weapons symbologyset. The contents of the five lessons are summarized inTable 1. Lesson 4 is divided into two parts. Lesson 4a(Central Cueing/Reference Symbols) covers symbols that appearin the center of the PNVS display (i.e., the Head Tracker,the Cueing Dots, and the Cued LOS Reticle). Lesson 4b(Peripheral Cueing/Reference Symbols) covers symbols thatappear in the lower periphery of the display (i.e., the Fieldof Regard Box, the Field of View Box, and the Cued LOS Dot).

The portions of the Symbology Tutor that have been com-pleted are listed below and are described in the sectionsthat follow:

" a draft version of the storyboards for the tutorialand quiz sections of all five lessons; and

" computer programs for (a) the introductory section,(b) the help system, and (c) the tutorial and quizsections for Lessons 1 and 2.

Prior to writing the programs for presenting the lessonson the computer, a storyboard was developed for each frame inthe lesson tutorials and quizzes. The storyboards for Lessons1 - 3 were reviewed by SMEs who were familiar with the AH-64Adisplay symbology and by researchers and programmers who wereknowledgeable about principles of computer-based instruction.Following the review, the storyboards were revised to incorpo-rate the SME's comments. The storyboards for Lessons 4 and 5have not been reviewed.

7J

Table 1

Symbology Tutor Lessons

Lesson Lesson LessonNumber Name Contents

1 Position/Movement Line of Sight (LOS) ReticleSymbols Airspeed Digital Readout

Velocity VectorAcceleration CueHover Position Box

2 Attitude/Altitude Engine Torque Digital ReadoutSymbols Radar Altitude Digital Readout

Radar Altitude VerticalTape and Scale

Rate of Climb Indicatorand Scale

Horizon LineSkid/Slip Ball and Skid/Slip

Lubber Lines

3 Heading/Navigation Heading Scale and FixedSymbols Lubber Line

Command HeadingAlternate Sensor BearingHorizon Line

4a Central Cueing/ Head TrackerReference Symbols Cueing Dots

Cued LOS Reticle

4b Peripheral Cueing/ Field of Regard BoxReference Symbols Field of View Box

Cued LOS Dot

5 Weapons Usage Cued LOS ReticleSymbols Rocket Steering Cursor

Fixed Rocket Steering CursorMissile Constraints Box

(Lock-On-Before-Launch)Missile Constraints Box

(Lock-On-After-Launch)

An example of a storyboard developed for a tutorial isshown in Figure 3. The starting location of the symbol to becovered in the instructional frame is shown on a facsimile ofan AH-64A display, usually in the context of a referencesymbol or symbols (e.g., the LOS Reticle). The instructionaltext that is to appear on the computer screen is shown inplain text below the display. Instructions to the programmerare shown above and below the display facsimile in bolditalics and are enclosed by a double-line box. Theprogrammer instructions for the tutorial frames indicate:

I-T26

The Hover Position Box Is highlighted In green;Acceleration Cue and Velocity Vector are shown inyellow.

r

0

To fly back to the Hover Position Box, the pilot moves the cyclic aftand to the left so that the Acceleration Cue is located approximatelyhalfway between the center of the LOS Reticle and the center of theHover Position Box.

Press spacebar for demonstration.

Acceleration Cue, shown In yellow, moves to aposition halfway between the LOS Retice and theHover Position Box. velocity Vector extends to meetthe Acceleration Cue.

Press spacebar to see demonstration again.

Figure 3. Example of a standard tutorial storyboard.

9

* what color to use for presenting each symbol,

* when to present supplementary information on thedisplay that normally does not appear (e.g., numbers,arrows),

* what symbol flash rate is required,

* what symbol movement is required, and

* what supplementary text should be added following astudent response.

Each tutorial storyboard has a unique identificationcode located in the upper right-hand corner (e.g., I-T1).The identification code consists of three parts: (a) a Romannumeral identifying the lesson number, (b) a capital "T"indicating that the storyboard is for a tutorial, and (c) anArabic number identifying the sequence number of thestoryboard within the tutorial.

On some storyboards, a supplementary graphic is shown tothe left or right of the panel-mounted display facsimile (seeFigure 4). The supplementary graphic is added to illustrate(a) the relationship between the location or movement of asymbol and the location or movement of the helicopter (asshown in Figure 4), (b) the relationship between the locationor movement of a symbol and the location or movement of thePNVS sensor, or (c) the appearance or disappearance of asymbol following the activation or deactivation of a controlpanel switch.

An example of a storyboard for a quiz is shown inFigure 5. The location of the symbol to be addressed in thequiz question is shown on a facsimile of an AH-64A display,usually in the context of a reference symbol or symbols(e.g., the LOS Reticle). The question that is to appear onthe computer screen is shown in plain text below the displayfacsimile.

The instructions to the programmer for the quiz frames,shown in bold italics and surrounded by a double-line box,indicate:

* when to present a letter on the display (e.g., toidentify a specific symbol),

• which response is correct, and

• which tutorial frames to branch to if the studentmakes an incorrect response.

10

I-T27

The Hover Position Box is highlighted In green;Acceleration Cue and Velocity Vector are shown inyellow. Letter is not shown.

0 A

Overhead view of helicopter

To return to the position the helicopter was in when the bob-up mode wasinitiated, the pilot flies the helicopter rearward and to the left.Then the Hover Position Box moves toward the LOS Ret.cle (representingthe helicopter) on the display.


Hover Position Box moves upward and to the rightuntil it is centered on the LOS Reticle.Acceleration Cue precedes Hover Position Box.Velocity Vector shortens and eventually disappears.Helicopter moves from present position to position"A". Acceleration Cue ends up centered in the LOSReticle. Then add the following text:

Once the pilot returns to the position at which the bob-up mode was

initiated, the Hover Position Box again is centered on the LOS Reticle.


Figure 4. Example of a tutorial storyboard with a supple-

mentary graphic.

1i

I-Q18

0

0

According to the display shown above, what would the pilot do to returnto the position at which the bob-up mode was selected?1) keep the cyclic at its present position2) move the cyclic so that the Acceleration Cue is halfway between the

tip of the Velocity Vector and the Hover Position Box3) move the cyclic so that the Acceleration Cue is in the center of the

LOS Reticle4) move the cyclic so that the Acceleration Cue is in the center of the

Hover Position Box

Correct Answer = 2. if response = 1, 3, or 4, goIto I-T26. I

Figure 5. Example of a quiz storyboard.

Each quiz storyboard has a unique identification codelocated in the upper right-hand corner (e.g., I-Q1). Theidentification code consists of three parts: (a) a Romannumeral identifying the lesson number, (b) a capital "Q"indicating that the storyboard is for a quiz, and (c) anArabic number identifying the sequence number of thestoryboard within the quiz.

The storyboards for Lessons 1 - 5 are included asAppendixes A through E. The number of storyboards in thetutorial and quiz sections for each of the five lessons isshown in Table 2.

12

Table 2

Number of Storyboards in the Symbology Tutor Lessons

Lesson Number of Storyboards

Number Lesson Name Tutorial Quiz

1 Position/Movement Symbols 29 212 Attitude/Altitude Symbols 32 223 Heading/Navigation Symbols 25 214a Central Cueing/Reference Symbols 25 174b Peripheral Cueing/Reference Symbols 20 185 Weapons Usage Symbols 18 15

Computer Programs

Computer programs were written for the introductory sec-tion, the help system, and the tutorial and quiz sections ofLessons 1 and 2 of the Symbology Tutor. Both lessons werereviewed by two AH-64A CWEPT instructors and two AH-64Ainstructor pilots and were subsequently revised. The pro-grams are described in the paragraphs that follow.

Introductory Section

The first two screens of the introductory sectionprovide an introduction to the Symbology Tutor, state itspurpose, and describe the contents of the five lessons (seeFigures 6 and 7). Following this, two screens are presentedthat graphically depict and describe the parts of the com-puter keyboard that the student will use to access the helpsystem, return to the main menu, view demonstrations of sym-bology movement, make menu selections, and navigate throughthe Symbology Tutor (see Figures 8 and 9). As shown inFigure 9, the keys that the students can use for navigatingare listed in a status line located at the bottom of eachscreen.

The last screen in the introductory section presents themain menu options that the student can select to enter thehelp system, choose a lesson, or quit the Symbology Tutor(see Figure 10). The student selects the desired option byusing the arrow keys on the computer keyboard numeric keypadto move a cross-shaped pointer to the appropriate box andpressing the ENTER key.

13

0

AH-64 Symbology TutorDasignad Progrommo.d by Anacopo. Sciances, Inc. for tha Arm~y Ro.coaoch Inttcz Avation Resea~rch DOaPaIopmanft Actmty

Figure 6. Opening screen in the introductory section.

14

AH-64 Symbology Tutor

M-64 Symbologu Tutor is designed to teach uou to identifu and understandthe meaning of the symbols in the A-64 Flight Sumbology set. This symbologyis displayed both on the panel-mounted displays in the ft,-64 and on the IHADSSunit (Integrated Helmet And Display Sight System). After using this programuou should understand the basics of recognizing and interpreting AH-64 FlightSymbology.

LESSONSAH-64 Symbology Tutor is organized into five lessons. Each lesson covers a

specific subset of the sumols in the hH-64 Sumbologyj Set. The lessons aredesigned to be taken in order, i.e. Lesson 1 first, then Lesson 2, and so on.However, you may choose to vieu ar lesson in any order you uish as best suitsuour training needs. The five lessons are:

Lesson 1 - PositionAovement S mbolsLesson 2 - Attitude/Altitude SyrbolsLesson 3 - Heading/Navigation SyrbolsLesson 4 - CueingReference SumbolsLesson 5 - Weapons Usage Symbols

The next tuo screens uill shou you hou to use the program's status line andhou to use the keuboard. Then, you uill go to the Main Menu to choose alesson. Press the ENTER keu now.

Press ENTER to go on to the next screen.

Figure 7. Screen describing the purpcse and contents of theSymbology Tutor.

15I

USiNq ThE KEyboARd

~7 Use the Fl keu to access the Help ( ( Use the left a right arrow keus to moveSstsem from most p)laces in the from frame to frame in the Tutorial.

program. Pres the right arrou to leave this screen.

Use the FI keu to return to theMain Menu Len Uou are in the Use the L a down arrou keus toTutorial pat of the proram. make menu selections bu moving a

,ross-shaed pointer(+).

SPACEPAR Use the ENTER keu to actuallu select

Use the spacebar to view the items on menus. Sometimes uou will alsodemonstrations in the Tutorial ENTER be prompted to press the ENTER keV afterframes. viewing a screen.

Next4

Figure 8. Screen describing the use of the computer keys.

16

USiNq ThE STATUS LiNE

SPACEBAR

The status line is the line of text that is aluays located at the vottom of the screen.It gives uou information about what keys to press to use the differer t functions of the program.For example, the status line belou this box indicates that four keys -e active:

4-Previous This entry indicates that uou can go to the previous screen bj pressingthe left arrou key. The 4- symbol stands for the left arrow key.

Fl - Help This entry means you can press the F1 function key to use the Help Sgstem.

FO - Main Menu This entry means you can return to the Main Menu bg pressirn the FO function key.Next4 This entry indicates that you can go to the next screen bg pressing the right

arrow key. The -+ symbol stands for the right arrow key.

The status lir, belou is onlu an example! The kegs listed are not currentlu available, exceptfor the right -rrou key. Press the right arrou key to go on to the next screen.

4-Previous F1 - Help Fig - Main Menu Next-4

Figure 9. Screen describing the use of the status line.

17

Symbology Tutor Main Menu Instructions

Please select: The box at the upr left of this screen

is the Sumbologli Tutor Main Menu. You can0 Help move the cross-shaped pointer to anu of

the three choices bu using the UP a DOWN[] Choose a lesson AR keqs. Wlhen the pointer is in theEl quit Sjmbology Tutor box next to uour choice, Dress the ENTER

keU to select that menu item. The choicesare:

t, to moue, ENT to selectHelpThis choice lets qou access the

SUmbolontj Tutor Help SUstem, hich hasuseful information about using the program,contents of the lessons, and referenceinformation, such as an Acronjm Glossaru.Choose a lesson

This choice brings up the Lesson Menu,which lets Ujou choose one of the fivelessons, (or return to the Main Menu).Quit

This choice brings up a box from whichuou can choose to quit Sumboloqu Tutor orreturn to the Main Menu,You must aluaws return to the Main Menubefore uou can quit the program!

Move the pointer with the ARROW CEYS, press ENTER to select.

Figure 10. Screen showing the main menu options.

18

The help system, which provides the student with on-lineassistance, can be accessed from any part of the programexcept the quiz. When the student selects the help optionson the main menu, a window appears on the screen showing thehelp system options (see Figure 11). The parts of the helpsystem are listed below:

• an overview of the training module;

* an explanation of the types of help provided (e.g.,procedural and content);

* a list of the contents of each of the five lessons inthe training module; and

* a reference subsection consisting of (a) an acronymglossary, (b) a symbology mode dictionary, and (c) asymbol dictionary (see Figure 12).

The symbology mode dictionary and the symbol dictionary arebriefly described in the following paragraphs.

$ybology mode dictionary. The symbology mode dic-tionary consists of four screens, one for each of the fourAH-64A symbology modes (i.e., hover, transition, cruise, andbob-up). An example of a screen from the symbology modedictionary is -hown in Figure 13. Each screen lists the nameof the symbology mode, states the purpose of the mode, andshows a graphic representation of the symbols that appear inthat mode. Symbols that are specific to that symbology modeare shown in green on the computer screen and the remainingsymbols are shown in white.

Symbol dictionary. The symbol dictionary consists of 27screens, one screen for each symbol covered in the flightsymbology set. An example of a screen from the symbol dic-tionary is shown in Figure 14. Each screen shows:

* the symbol's name,

• the symbology modes in which the symbol appears,

* the purpose of the symbol,

* the failure actions associated with the symbol,

* the tutorial lessons in which the symbols are pre-sented, and

* a graphic representation of the symbol in the contextof one or more reference symbols.

19


Please select: The box at the upper left of this screen

is the Svmbologu Tutor Main Menu. You canEl Help move the cross-shaped pointer to anu of.... DOWN13 Ch thel Qu Symbology Tutor HELP System EWER

__ hoices

Please choose help desired:has

CAbout the Help System program,•ence

0]Help in using Symbology Tutor ossaru.El Contents of the lessonsCl Reference Menu,

Acronym Glossary ive

Symbology Mode Dictionary nu).

SyIbol Dictionary m hichEl Return to the Main Menu Tutor or

t, to moue, ENTER to select Menu

Select RETURN TO THE 14AIN MENU when finishedt using the Help Sustem.

Figure 11. Screen showing the help system options.

20

Symbology Tutor hain Menu Instructions


is the S ,Jbolow Tutor Main Menu. fou can[] Help move the cross-shaped pointer to ang ofd c ,-.. .t: .. ..... :-- , f l ,DW0]Ch the

J Qu Reference Topics ENTER_hoices

Please choose reference desired:has

O Acronym Glossary program,rence

]Sybology Mode Dictionary ossaru.]Symibol DictionaryE) Return to HELP Menu , Menu,

ive

t, to moue, ENTE to select nu).

m hichTutor or

Menu

Move the pointer with the ARROW ME'S, press ENTER to select.

Figure 12. Screen showing options in the reference subsec-tion of the help system.

21


Please select: The box at the mr left of this screen

is the Sumboloqu Tutor Main Menu. You canEl Help move the cross-shaped pointpr tn ;.,; ofE. ... Help-. ..... .. .. DOWN1:1 Ch Ithe

EJQu Symbology Mode Dictionary Page 2 ENTcEI, hoices

jN 3 E 912 S

Bob-up Mode gBY. c> ,' hasproqram,

PHI e"encePurpose: 12H - 120 ossaru.

**':LOProvides cues to. ithe pilot to aid 0JIHenu,

him in remaining '3iveover the samenu).spot on the ground m whichand maintaining the t'utor orsae heading during a bob-up maneuver. Menu

Symbols shown in white are present in all modes.

4-Previous help page F1 - HELP Menu Next help page-0

Figure 13. Example of a screen from the symbology modedictionary.

22



is the Sumbologt Tutor Main Menu. You can[~] Plp move the cross-shaped pointer to anq of

..... ..... DOW NEl Ch theO]Qt Symbol Dictionary Page 13 ENTER

hoicestji t Name;

Hove Position Box

Modes displaued in: hasBob-up mode or:lv program,

PencePurpose: ossaru.

Represents an 8-foot square onthe around over uhich the heli-copter, repesented bU the LOS Menu,Reticle, uas hovering uhen the :iveBob-up mode uas selected. 5nu).

Failure action: r uhichThe Hover Position Box uill blank if the HARS is invalid or has failed. Tutor or

Lesson(s) covered in: i MenuLesson I

4-Previous help page FI-HELP Menu F2-Symlbol Menu Next lelp page-)

Figure 14. Example of a screen from the symbol dictionary.

23

Tutorial Section

The tutorial section of the Symbology Tutor provides thestudent with instructional information about each of thesymbols and, when appropriate, illustrates the movement ofone or more symbols. To enter the tutorial section for anyof the five lessons, the student selects the second option onthe main menu. A window then appears on the screen listingthe contents of the lessons, as shown in Figure 15. Once thestudent selects the desired lesson, a screen that gives thestudent an overview of the lesson is presented. An exampleof a standard tutorial screen is shown in Figure 16. Thestoryboard used to produce this screen is shown in Figure 3.An example of a tutorial screen with a supplementary graphicis shown in Figure 17. The storyboard used to produce thisscreen is shown in Figure 4.

The standard tutorial screen consists of four elements:(a) a lesson status box located in the upper-left corner ofthe computer screen, (b) a facsimile of an AH-64A displaylocated in the top-center part of the screen, (c) a text boxlocated below the display, and (d) a status line located atthe bottom of the screen. The lesson status box shows thenumber and name of the current lesson and indicates that thestudent is working in the tutorial section. It also indi-cates the number of the current frame and the total number offrames in the tutorial. When a supplementary graphic isrequired, as is the case in Figure 17, the lesson status boxis not shown.

The symbol of interest is shown on the display in green,along with other symbols (e.g., the LOS Reticle) that areneeded to serve as a reference for that symbol. The refer-ence symbols are normally shown in white, although occasion-ally a secondary reference symbol or symbols (e.g., theVelocity Vector and the Acceleration Cue) may be shown inyellow to distinguish them from the primary reference symbol.

The majority of the tutorial screens contain staticframes to show the shape and location of a symbol. Whenappropriate, the student is given the option of seeing ananimated sequence to illustrate the movement of one or moresymbols. For example, the purpose of the tutorial screen maybe to show the movement of the Hover Position Box, in con-junction with the Acceleration Cue and the Velocity Vector,when the pilot flies the helicopter to the position in whichthe bob-up mode was initiated (see Figure 16). A messagelocated at the bottom of the text area prompts the student tobegin the animation by pressing the spacebar to simulate acontrol movement (e.g., moving the helicopter cyclic). The

24

Synbology Tutor Main Menu Instructions

Please select: The box at the upper left of this screenis the Sijmboloqu Tutor Main Menu. You can

0 Help move the cross-s ,aped pointer to anU ofthe three choices bu using the UP a OWN

SChoose a lesson ARROW keus. When the pointer is in thebox next to uur choice, Dress the ENTER

Isson Menu key to select that menu item. The choicesare:

HelpSelect a lesson: This choice lets Uou access the

Sumbolow Tutor Help Sustem, uhich has] 1 - Position/Mlouetent Synbols useful information about using the program,

contents , f the lessons, and reference0 2 - (Attitude/Altitude Symbols information, such as an Acrorjm Glossaru.1 3 - Heading/Nauigation Symbols Choose a lessonO 4 - Cueing#Reference Symbols This choice brings up the Lesson Menu,] 5 - eapons Usage Symbols Uhich let!s qou choose one of the five

El ]Return to Main Menu lessons, (or return to the Main Menu).Quit

This choice brings up a box from which,4 to move, ENTER to select uou can choose to Quit Sumbologu Tutor or

return to the ain Menu.You must aluaus return to the Main Menubefore you can quit the program!

Move the pointer with the ARROW XEYS, press ENTER to select.

Figure 15. Screen provided to the student for choosing alesson.

25

Lessonit+Position/MovementSymbols

Tutorial I

Frame 26 0

of 38

0

To fly back to the Hover Position Box, the pilot should moue thecyclic aft and to the left so that the Acceleration Cue is locatedapproximately halfway between the center of the LOS Reticle andthe center of the Hover Position Box.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving the cyclic aft and to the left.4-Previous F - Help FIG - Main Menu Next-)

Figure 16. Example of a standard screen from the Lesson 1tutorial section.

26

0

0Ove head view of helicopter

To return to the position the helicopter was in when the Bob-up mode wasinitiated, the pilot flies the helicopter rearward and to the left. Then,the Hover Position Box will move touard the LOS Reticle (representing thehelicopter) on the display.

Press spacebar to simulate helicopter moving rearward and to the left.4-Previous F1 - Help F18 - Main Menu Next-0

Figure 17. Example of a screen with a supplementary graphicfrom the Lesson 1 tutorial section.

J

27

student can view the animation as many times as desired bypressing the spacebar. Supplementary text is sometimes addedto the text box after the animated sequence is completed toprovide additional information about the symbology.

Ouiz Section

The quiz section assesses the student's understanding ofthe material presented in the tutorial. After completing atutorial, the student is given the option of taking the quizfor that lesson or returning to the main menu. An example ofa quiz screen is shown in Figure 18. The quiz screenconsists of four elements: (a) a lesson status box locatedin the upper-left corner of the computer screen, (b) afacsimile of the AH-64A display located in the top-centerpart of the screen, (c) a text box located below the display,and (d) a status line located at the bottom of the screen.

The lesson status box shows the number and name of thecurrent lesson and identifies that the student is working inthe quiz section. It also indicates the number of thecurrent frame, the total number of frames in the quiz, andthe number of correct and incorrect items at that point inthe quiz.

The quiz questions are presented in a multiple choiceformat with one correct answer and three distractors. Whenthe question appears, a cross-shaped pointer is displayedbetween the item stem and the four possible answers. Thestudent chooses the answer by using the arrow keys to movethe pointer to the box at the left of the answer and pressingthe ENTER key (see Figure 18). After the student chooses ananswer, the program indicates at the bottom-left part of thescreen whether the response is correct or incorrect. If theszudent chooses an incorrect answer, the program branches tothe tutorial frames that contain remedial information forthat question. Following the remediation material, theprogram returns to the next quiz question.

After the student has answered the last quiz question,the program indicates the total number of correct andincorrect responses. If the student answered any questionincorrectly, the program branches to the questions that thestudent missed and continues to cycle through the incorrectlyanswered questions until all questions are answered cor-rectly. After answering al the quiz questions correctly,the student is given the option of viewing the lessontutorial again or returning to the main menu.

28

ILesson 1 a)Position/MovementSymbols

Quiz

Question 18 0

of 21

Correct 14 0

Incorrect 3 ®

According to the display shaun above, what would the pilot do to returnto the position at which the Bob-up mode was selected?

+

E keep the cyclic at its present positionEjlroue the cyclic so that the Acceleration Cue is halfway between the

tip of the Velocity Vector and the Hover Position BoxEl move the cyclic so that the Acceleration Cue is in the center of the

LOS Reticlel move the cyclic so that the Acceleration Cue is in the center of the

Hover Position BoxMove the pointer to your answer, then press ENTER.

Figure 18. Example of a screen from the Lesson 1 quizsection.

29

Hardware Requirements

The training module is written in Microsoft QuickBASICand is designed to run on a Zenith PC AT-compatible micro-computer equipped with one megabyte of random access memory,a hard disk with at least two megabytes available, anenhanced graphics adapter (EGA), and a high resolution EGAcolor monitor. The program can be run using a monochromemonitor, but will require that the screen brightness andcontrast be adjusted to ensure proper visibility.

30

APPENDIX A

SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 1:POSITION/MOVEMENT SYMBOLS

A-i :

Lesson 1

Position/Movement Symbols

The purpose of this lesson is to teach you to identify andunderstand the meaning of symbols in the Flight Symbology set that givethe pilot information about the position and movement of the helicopterever the ground.

The specific symbols covered in this lesson are:

• The Line of Sight (LOS) ReticleThe Airspeed Digital Readout

* The Velocity Vectoro The Acceleration Cue* The Hover Position Box

A-3

The word "green" is shown in the color green; thewor "bue" is shown in the color blue.

This lesson is divided into two parts: A Tutorial and a Quiz.

In the first part, a facsimile of an AH-64 visual display showingone symbol or a small group of symbols is shown on the top part of thescreen. The symbol or symbols of interest are highlighted in green anddescribed briefly below the display. Supplementary material that doesnot appear on the AH-64 display is shown in blue. In some cases, youwill have the opportunity to see a brief demonstration of how the symbolor symbols move in the display.

A-4

The second part of this lesson consists of a quiz covering thematerial you have just learned. If you answer a question incorrectly,you will briefly review the materi,.i covered in that question beforeproceeding with the quiz. After you have completed the. quiz, you willhave the opportunity to review the lesson again, go on to anotherlesson, or quit the program.

A-5

I-Ti

FF~he LOS Reticle is highlighted in green.

This is the LOS Reticle.

It shows the pilot's Integrated Helmet and Display lighting System(IHADSS) line of sight (LOS) . It also serves as a reference for some ofthe other symbols.

A-6

I-T2

IlThe LOS Reticle is highlighted in green.

The LOS Reticle will flash when the pilot's LOS is invalid or has

failed.

Press spacebar to simulate invalid LOS.

The LOS Reticle flashes at rate of .75 sec on/.25sec off.


A-7

I-T3

The Airspeed Digital Readout is highlighted ing~reen.

110

This is the Airspeed Digital Readout.

It normally shows the airspeed of the helicopter, from 0 to 200 knots in1 knot increments.

It represents the helicopter's true airspeed in any direction, if theAir Data Sensor Subsystem (ADSS) is valid.

Press spacebar for demonstration.Th Arspeed Digta Raoticease frm 1|1knots to 120 knots In I knot increments. I


A-8

I-T4

The eed Digital Readout is highlighted inreen.

110 I

The Airspeed Digital Readout will indicate ground speed in knots when:* the Air Data Sensor Subsystem (ADSS) is OFF or has failed, and* the doppler ground speed is valid.

When these two conditions are true, the Airspeed Digital Readout willinitially decrease to zero. It will then increase to doppler groundspeed.

In this case the doppler ground speed is 100 knots.

Press spacebar to simulate ADSS failure with valid doppler ground speed.

The Airspeed Digital Readout decreases to 0 knots,

and then increases to 100 knots in I knotincrements.


JA- 9

I-T5

lite Arseed Digital Readout is highlighted in

116 I

The Airspeed Digital Readout will blank when:

• the ADSS airspeed output is invalid, and* the doppler ground speed output is invalid.

Press spacebar to simulate invalid ADSS airspeed and doppler groundspeed.

seconds, teAirspeed DigitalRedu


A-10

I-T6

The Velocity Vector is highlighted in _reen.

This is the Velocity Vector.

It indicates the direction and magnitude of the helicopter's movementover the around in reference to the center of the LOS Reticle (the pointof origin for the Velocity Vector).

The Velocity Vector is shown in the hover, bob-u, and transition modesof symbology.

It is no shown in the cruise mode.

A-lI

I-T7

the Velocity Vector is highlighted in green.

The length of the Velocity Vector is the distance between the center of

the LOS Reticle and the tip of the Velocity Vector.

The scale used to interpret the length of the Velocity Vector depends on

the mode of svmbology.

In the hover or hobz3u modes, the distance between the center of the LOSReticle and the edges of the display (the maximum length of the VelocityVector) represents only 6 knots.

A-12

I-T8

The Velocity Vector is highlighted in green.

For example, in the display shown above, the pilot has selected thehover mode.

The Velocity Vector indicates that the helicopter is moving forward andto the left at a ground speed of approximately 3 knots because:

* the pilot has selected the hover mode,* the distance between the center of the LOS Reticle and the

edges of the display represents 6 knots in hover mode, and* the Velocity Vector is approximately half its maximum length.

A-13

I-T9

Velocity Vector is highlighted in green. II

I-

In the transition mode, the difference between the center of the LOSReticle and the edges of the display represents 60 knots.

A-14

I-TIO

the Velocity Vector is highlighted in green.

__/

For example, in the display shown above the pilot has selected thetransition mode.

The Velocity Vector indicates that the helicopter is moving forward andto the right at a ground speed of approximately 30 knots, because:

• the pilot has selected the transition mode,• the distance between the center of the LOS Reticle and theedges of the display represents 60 knots in the transitionmode, and

* the Velocity Vector is approximately half its maximum length.

A-15

I-T11

i~he Velocity Vector is highlighted in green. I

When in the hover or bob-up modes, the Velocity Vector will saturate, orreach its maximum length, at 6 knots ground speed. When in thetransition mode, the Velocity Vector will saturate at 60 knots groundspeed.

Once the Velocity Vector saturates, it will remain at its maximum length

but will continue to indicate changes in velocity angles.


Velocity Vector retains same length and moves frompresent position to a position 45 degrees to theright in approximately 1 second.

A-16

I-T12

Tlthe Velocity Vector is highlighted in green.

The Velocity Vector will flash when the Heading and Attitude ReferenceSystem (HARS) inertial platform has gone intr -ree inertial mode,usually as a result of the doppler navigationi system being in memory orhaving failed.

Press spacebar to simulate HARS failure.

]!The Velocity Vector flashes at a rate of .75 sec

,Ion/.25 sec off.


A-17

I-T13

The Acceleration Cue is highlighted in reen. II

0

This is the Acceleration Cue.

It indicates the direction and amount that the helicopter will be

accelerating, normally in reference to the tip of the Velocity Vector.

It is shown in the hover, bbu, and transition modes of symbology.

It is noL displayed in the cruise mode.

A-18

I-T14

the Acceleration Cue is highlighted in green . _ _

0

_,___

The Acceleration Cue serves as a helicopter "motion anticipator," or anindication of the deire amount and direction of acceleration.

It may be helpful to think of the Acceleration Cue as representing thetop of the cyclic.

A-19

I-Tl5

The Acceleration Cue is highlighted in green; thedotted arrow is shown in blue.

0

The Acceleration Cue is the endpoint of an invisible acceleration vectorwhose point of origin is ually the tip of the Velocity Vector. Theacceleration vector is represented by the blue arrow in this display.

As shown in this display, the helicopter w accelerating forwardand to the right of its present course, because the Acceleration Cue isa and to the ight of the tjp of the Velocity Vector.

A-20

I-T16

The Acceleration Cue is highlighted in green. Thedotted arrow is shown in blue.

As the helicopter accelerates, the Velocity Vector will extend until it

reaches the Acceleration Cue.


Velocity Vector extends until it reaches theIAcceleration Cue, then stops. Blue arrow decreasesfin size. Then display the following text:

When the Velocity Vector has reached the Acceleration Cue, thehelicopter has stopped accelerating and is traveling at a constantvelocity.


A-21

I-T17

lThe Acceleration Cue is highlighted in green. I

0/

As shown in this display, the helicopter wiil b decelerating and movingto the left.

A-22

I-T18

iThe Acceleration Cue is hglhtdin gen

IDotted arrow is shown in blue. Letter is notIshown .

A

In hover or bob-up modes, when the Velocity Vector reaches its maximumlength (at 6 knots ground speed or greater), the point of origin for theAcceleration Cue changes from the tip of the Velocity Vector to thecenter of the LOS Reticle.


Velocity Vector grows to meet Acceleration Cue,blue arrow decreases in size. Then Acceleration Cuedisappears and reappears at position "A", bluearrow is drawn from the center of the LOS Reticleto the Acceleration Cue at position "A". Then addthe following:

The point of origin for the Acceleration Cue is now the center of theLOS Reticle because:

• the Velocity Vector is at its maximum length, and* the pilot has selected either the hover or the bob-up mode.


A-23

I-T19

IThe Acceleration Cue is highlighted in green.Dotted arrow is shown in blue. Letter is notshown.

B

0

In the hover or bob-up modes, when the ground speed of the helicopterdecreases below 6 knots, the point of origin for the Acceleration Cue is.agai~n the tip of the Velocity Vector.


The Acceleration Cue moves to position "FA". TheVelocity Vector decreases slightly. TheAcceleration Cue then disappears and reappears atposition "B".F A blue arrow is drawn from the tipof the Velocity Vector to the Acceleration Cue. The

sequence takes approximately three seconds. Thendisplay looks like this:

8I

A-2 4

I-T20

The Acceleration Cue is highlighted in green.

0

In the tLansition mode, the point of origin for the Acceleration Cue is

always the tip of the Velocity Vector.

This is true regardless of the length of the Velocity Vector (whichrepresents the ground speed of the helicopter).


Velocity Vector extends to Acceleration Cue.Acceleration Cue then moves approximately one inchto the left, stops, and moves back to origiznlposition. Velocity Vector lags behind theAcceleration Cue. The sequence takes approximately2 seconds. Then add the following text:

Even though the Velocity Vector is now at its maximum length, the pointof origin foi the Acceleration Cue is still the tip of the VelocityVector because the pilot has selected the transition mode.


A-25

I-T21

The Acceleration Cue is highlighted in green.

0 1:

_

The Acceleration Cue (along with the Velocity Vector) flashes when the

HARS is in free inertial or the doppler is in memory or has failed.

Press spacebar to simulate HARS or doppler failure.

city Vector flashes at a rate of .75 seco n/~ .2 5 is c o f f .


A-26

I-T22

Tlthe Hover Position Box is highlighted in qreen. I]

+

This is the Hover Position Box.

It represents an 8-foot square on the ground over which the helicopter,represented by the pilot's LOS Reticle, was hovering when the bob-upmode was selected.

The Hover Position Box is shown only in the bob-up mode of symbology.

A-27

I-T23

the Hover Position Box is highlighted in green.

When the bob-up mode is initiated, the Hover Position Box is displayedcentered around the middle of the LOS.

Press spacebar to simulate initiation of bob-up mode.

Th Hvr Position Box appears centered on the LOS1Reti c le.


A-28

I-T24

The Hover Position Box is highlighted in green.Overhead view of the helicopter is shown to theright of the display. Letters are not shown.

B

B+


The Hover Position Box moves away from the stationary LOS Reticle on the

display in the opposite direction that the helicopter is moving.

In this case the helicopter is moving forward and to the right.


The Hover Position Box moves to position "A".Helicopter starts at present position and movesdiagonally to position "B", always facing forward.Small circle remains in helicopter's old position.Then add the following text:

As shown in this display, the Hover Position Box moved downward and tothe left, indicating that the helicopter moved forward and to the right.


A-29

I-T25

lThe Hover Position Box is highlighted in qreen. I

0

The location of the Hover Position Box in this display indicates thatthe pilot needs to fly to the left and to the rear to be over the groundposition at which the bob-up mode was selected.

A-30

I-T26Th e H o v e r P o s i t i o n B o x i s h i g h l i g h t e d i n g r e e n ;: I

Acceleration Cue and Velocity Vector are shown in,ellow.

I

0

To fly back to the Hover Position Box, the pilot should move the cyclicaft and to the left so that the Acceleration Cue is locatedapproximately halfway between the centei of the LOS Reticle and thecenter of the Hover Position Box.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving cyclic aft and to the left.

Acceleration Cue, shown in yellow, moves to aposition halfway between the LOS Reticle and theHover Position Box. Velocity Vector extends tomeet the Acceleration Cr'n.


A-31

I-T27

The Hover Position Box is highlighted in green;Acceleration Cue and Velocity Vector are shown inyellow. Letter is not shown.

0 A


To return to the position the helicopter was in when the bob-up mode wasinitiated, the pilot flies the helicopter rearward and to the left.Then the Hover Position Box moves toward the LOS Reticle (representingthe helicopter) on the display.


Hover Position Box moves upward and to the rightuntil it is centered on the LOS Reticle.Acceleration Cue precedes Hover Position Box.Velocity Vector shortens and eventually disappears.Helicopter moves from present position to position"A". Acceleration Cue is then centered in the LOSReticle. Then add the following text:

Once the pilot has returned to the position at which the bob-up mode wasinitiated, the Hover Position Box again will be centered on the LOSReticle.


A-32

I-T28

The Hover Position Box is highlighted in gren.Letters are not shown.

CD0

B

0

A


The maximum displacement of the Hover Position Box is 44 feet laterallyor 3ongitudinaliy.

When the helicopter exceeds the lateral or longitudinal limits, theHover Position Box will remain at the edge of the display and continueto indicate the direction the pilot needs to fly to return to theposition at which the bob-up mode was selected.

Press spacebar to simulate helicopter exceeding the lateral limits.

Rover Position Box moves to position "A" whilehelicopter moves diagonally from present positionto position "B", always facing forward.


A-33

I-T29

the Hover Position Box is highlighted in green. _

0I

The Hover Position Box blanks when the HARS is invalid.


[Aftr 3seconds, Hover Position Box disappears from

the disJay.


A-34

You have now completed the lesson on Position/Movement Symbols.

Please select what you would like to do now:

* Take the Quiz* Return to the Main Menu

A-35

Symbology Tutor Quiz - Lesson 1: Position/Movement Symbols

This quiz tests how much you learned about the Position/MovementSymbols presented in Lesson 1. The quiz consists of 21 multiple choicequestions. Each answer has a small box associated with it. You willsee a cross-shaped pointer just below the question and above the answerboxes. Use the ar keys on the numeric keypad to move the pointer tothe box next to your answer, then press ENTER to confirm your answer.You must answer each question correctly one time before you may leavethe quiz.

Press ENTER to begin the quiz.

AA- 36

I-Q1

NoDisplayShown

If the pilot's LOS is invalid or has failed, the LOS Reticle will:1) flash2) blank3) remain in the center of the display4) be surrounded by four flashing dots

Correct answer = 1. If response = 2, 3, or 4, goto I-T2.l

A- 37

I-Q2

NoDisplay

Shown

The Airspeed Digital Readout normally shows the airspeed of thehelicopter:1) between 0 and 150 knots in 1 knot increments2) between 0 and 200 knots in 1 knot increments3) between 0 and 150 knots in 5 knot increments4) between 0 and 200 knots in 5 knot increments

I Correct answer 2 Ifresponse =1, 3, or 4. go

2. If

Ato I-T3.

A-38

I-Q3

NoDisplay

Shown

The Airspeed Digital Readout will show the ground speed of thehelicopter when:1) the HARS has failed2) the Lightweight Doppler Navigation System (LDNS) has failed3) the ADSS has failed4) the pilot initiates the hover mode

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, go

to I-T4.A

A-3 9

I-Q4

NoDisplay

Shown

If both the ADSS airspeed and the doppler ground speed outputs areinvalid, the Airspeed Digital Readout will:1) flash2) blank3) show the helicopter's ground speed4) be surrounded by a flashing rectangular box

tnswer =2. if response = , 3, or 4, go

A-40

. -Q5

NoDisplayShown

The Velocity Vector indicates:1) only the direction of the helicopter's movement over the ground2) only the magnitude of the helicopter's movement over the ground3) both the direction and magnitude of the helicopter's movement over

the ground4) both the direction and magnitude of the helicopter's movement throu'gh

the air

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, goto I-T6.i

A-41

I-Q6

NoDisplayShown

In which modes of symbology will the Velocity Vector be shown?1) the hover and bob-up modes2) the transition and cruise modes3) the hover, bob-up, and cruise modes4) the hover, bob-up, and transition modes

I Correct answer 4. If response =, 2, or 3, goIto I-T6. I

A-42

I-Q7

As shown in this display, if the pilot has selected the transition mode,the origin for the Acceleration Cue is:1) the center of the LOS Reticle2) the bottom of the LOS Reticle3) the tip of the Velocity Vector4) the top of the LOS Reticle

Corrct nswer = . if response = , 2, or 4, go

A-43

I-Q8

0

/1

As shown in this display, if the pilot has selected the hover mode, theorigin for the Acceleration Cue is:1) the center of the LOS Reticle2) the bottom of the LOS Reticle3) the tip of the Velocity Vector4) the top of the LOS Reticle

Ito I-T18. I

A-44

I-Q9

If the pilot has selected the cransition mode, the display shown aboveindicates that the helicopter is:1) moving at a constant ground speed of approximately 3 knots2) accelerating at a ground speed of approximately 3 knots3) moving at a constant ground speed of approximately :0 knots4) accelerating at a ground speed of approximately 30 knots

SCorret answer = 3. f response 1 , 2, or 4 goto -T9, I-T16.

A-45

I-Z !O

0

-I

If the Acceleration Cue remains in the position shown in this display,the helicopter will:1) move forward and to the left at a constant velocity2) move forward and to the right at a constant velocity3) decelerate forward and to the left4) accelerate forward and to the right

Corrct nswer = 4. If response = 1, 2, or 3, go to]I -T15. I

A-46

1-Q11

-I

If the Acceleration Cue remains in the position shown in this display,the helicopter will:1) accelerate and move to the left2) decelerate and move to the left3) accelerate and move to the right4) decelerate and move to the right

answer 2. If response , or 4, go

A-47

I-Q12

NoDisplay

Shown

in the transition mode, once the Velocity Vector has reached its maximumlength, the point of origin of the Acceleration Cue will:1) be the tip of the Velocity Vector2) be the center of the LOS Reticle3) switch from the tip of the Velocity Vector to the center of the LOS

Reticle4) switch fron the center of the LOS Reticle to the tip of the Velocity

Vector

Correct answer 1. If response = 2, 3, or 4, go toAI-T20.

A- 48j

I-Q13

NoDisplay

Shown

The Acceleration Cue (along with the Velocity Vector) flashes when:1) the HARS is in free inertial2) the ADSS has failed3) the Velocity Vector is at its maximum length4) the Hover Position Box is centered over the LOS Reticle

Correct answer 1. If response = 2, 3, or 4, goto I-T20.

A-49

I-Q14

NoDisplay

Shown

The symbol that is known as a "motion anticipator" is the:1) LOS Reticle2) Velocity Vector3) Acceleration Cue4) Hover Position Box

o answer 3. If response 1, 2, or 4, go

A-50

I-Q15

NoDisplay

Shown

The Hover Position Box represents the position on the ground over which:1) the helicopter was hovering when the bob-up mode was selected2) the helicopter was hovering when the hover mode was selected3) the helicopter was hovering when the transition mode was selected4) the helicoptp -o presently hovering

Correct answer 1 . f response =2, 3, or 4, got o I- T22.

A-5i

I-Q16

NoDisplay

Shown

The Hover Position Box is shown:1) only in the hover mode of symbology2) only in the bob-up mode of symbology3) in both the hover and the bob-up modes of symbology4) in both the transition and cruise modes of symbology

Correct answer 2. If response = 1, 3, or 4. goto I-T22. I

AL-32

I-QI7

0I

The location of the Hover Position Box in this display indicates thatthe pilot should fly in what direction to be over the ground position atwhich the bob-up mode was initiated?1) forward and to the left2) forward and to the right3) earward and to the left4) rearward and to the right

Coretanswer =3. If response 1 , 2, or 4, go

A-53

I-Q18

0

According to the display shown above, what would the pilot do to returnto the position at which the bob-up mode was selected?1) keep the cyclic at its present position2) move the cyclic so that the Acceleration Cue is halfway between the

tip of the Velocity Vector and the Hover Position Box3) move the cyclic so that the Acceleration Cue is in the center of the

LOS Reticle4) move the cyclic so that the Acceleration Cue is in the center of the

Hover Position Box

Corrct nswer =2. If response 1 , 3, or 4, go I

A-54

I-Q19

NoDisplay

Shown

Once the pilot has returned to the position at which the bob-up mode wasinitiated, the Hover Position Box will:1) flash2) blank3) be centered on the LOS Reticle4) turn from solid to dashed

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, goto I-T27.

A-55

I-Q20

NoDisplay

Shown

When the helicopter exceeds the lateral or longitudinal limits, theHover Position Box will:1) flash2) blank3) remain at the edge of the display, and continue to indicate the place

that the bob-up mode was initiated4) remain at the edge of the display, but will no longer provide valid

information to the pilot

Correct answer 3. Xf response = 1, 2, or 4, goAto I-T28.

A-5 6

I-Q21

NoDisplay

Shown

The Hover Position Box blanks when:1) the LDNS has failed2) the HARS has failed3) the helicopter returns to the ground position at which the bob-up

mode was selected4) the helicopter returns to the ground position at which the hover mode

was selected

Correct answer =2. If response 1 , 3, or 4, goto I-T29.

A-57

APPENDIX B

SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 2:ATTITUDE/ALTITUDE SYMBOLS

B-I

Lesson 2

Attitude/Altitude Symbols

The purpose of this lesson is to teach you to identify andunderstand the meaning of symbols in the Flight Symbology set that givethe pilot information about the attitude and altitude of the helicopter.

The specific symbols covered in this lesson are:

* The Engine Torque Digital Readout* The Radar Altitude Digital Readout* The Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale* The Rate of Climb Indicator and Ocale* The Horizon Line• The Skid/Slip Ball and Skid/Slip Lubber Lines

B-3

the ord"green" is shown in the color green; the

wor "bue"l Is shown in the color blue.


Tutorial.


The Line of Sight (LOS) Reticle (covered in Lesson 1) is includedon the Tutorial displays to provide a general frame of reference.

B-4

The second part of this lesson consists of a quiz covering thematerial you have just learned. If you answer a q'iestion incorrectly,you will briefly review the material covered in that question befo:eproceeding with the quiz. After you have completed the quiz, you willhave the opportunity to review the lesson again, go on to anotherlesson, or quit the program.

B-5

II-TI

jEngine Torque Digital Readout symbol is highlighted(in green.

96%

This is the Engine Torque Digital Readout

It shows the amount of torque that the highest torue engine isproducing.

B-6

II-T2

= Engine ToqeDigital Readout is highlighted in

Igreen.

96%

if there is a torque split between the two engines greater than 12%, thedisplayed torque value flashe.

Press spacebar to simulate an engine torque split greater than 12%.

Engine Torque Digital Raotfshsat a rate

.75 sec on/.25 sec off.


B-7

-I-T3

Engne orque Digital Readout is highlighted in i

94%

When torque pressure increases to 98%, the Engine Torque Digital Readoutis surrounded by a flashing rectangle to alert the pilot of an impendingengine torque limit.

Press spacebar to simulate engine torque pressure increasing beyond 98%.

Engine Torque Digital Readout increases from 94% to99% in increments of 1% at rate of two changes persecond. When Readout reaches 98%, rectanglesurrounding the Engine Torque Digital Readout isshown in green and flashes at rate of .3 sec on/.2sec off.


B-8

I-T4

Engine Torque Digital Readout and rectanglesurrounding Engine Torque Digital Readout arehighlighted in green; rectangle flashes at rate of.3 sec on/.2 sec off.

As the torque value is reduced to 94%, the flashing rectangle is removedfrom the display.

Press spacebar to simulate engine torque pressure decreasing below 94%.

Engine Torque Digital Readout value decreases, inincrements of 1%, from 99% to 93% at rate of twochanges per second. When the Readout reaches 94%,the flashing rectangle disappears from the display.


B-9

II-T5

l, Radar Altitude Digital Readout is highlighted in '

g~reen. I

I_40

This is the Radar Altitude Digital Readout.

It shows the altitude of the helicopter above the ground in feet, from 0to 1.500 feet above ground level (AGL).

B-I0

II-T6

Radar Altitude Digital Readout is highlighted inreen. I

I_40

Absolute altitude is displayed in 1-foot increments when the helicopteris between 0 and 50 feet AGL.


Radar Altitude Digital Readout increases in 1-footincrements, at rate of two changes per second, from40 feet to 50 feet.


B-1i

II -TI!

=Radar Altitude Digital Readout is highlighted inreen.

100

Absolute altitude is displayed in 10-foot increments when the helicopteris between 50 and 1,500 feet AGL.


Radar Altitude Digital Readout increases .:n 10-footincrements, at rate of one change per second, from100 feet to 150 feet.


B-12

II-T8

llNothinc is highlighted in green.

170

The alert message "HI" flashes above the Digital Radar Altitude if thehelicopter's altitude AGL is above the altitude chosen on the radaraltimeter HI set knob.

in this case, the HI setting on the radar altimeter is 200 feet.

Press spacebar to simulate the helicopter climbing above 200 feet.

Radar Altitude Digital Readout increases in 10-footincrements, at rate of one change per second, from170 feet to 220 feet. After Readout exceeds 200feet, "Hi" alert message is shown in green andflashes at rate of .3 sec on/.2 sec off.


B-13

II-T9

[[Nothing is highlighted in green.

-- I--45

The alert message "LO" flashes below the Digital Radar Altitude if thehelicopter's altitude AGL is below the altitude chosen on the radaraltimeter LO set knob.

In this case, the LO setting on the radar altimeter is 40 feet.

Press spacebar to simulate helicopter descending below 40 feet.

[Radar Altitude Digital Readout decreases from 45feet to 35 feet in 1-foot increments, at rate oftwo changes per second. When Readout goes below 40feet, "LO" alert message is shown in green andjflashes at rate of .3 sec on/.2 sec off.


B-14

II-TI0

I Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale arehighlighted in green.

IE

II

This is the Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale.

The Radar Altitude Vertical Tape is an analog representation of thehelicopter's altitude AGL in feet in reference to the Radar AltitudeVertical Scale.

B-15

lI-Til

0- ~~ to 50f etino0h adrAttd

50'

The Radar Altitude Vertical Scale is graduated in 10 foot incre-mentsfr~m 0 to 50 feet AGL.

For example, the display shown above indicates that the heliccpter is at20' AOL.

B-16

II-T12

50- to 200-foot section of Radar Altitude VerticalScale, and all of the Radar Altitude Vertical Tapeare highlighted in green; numbers and arrowsoutside the display are shown in blue.

- 203L 150,100'I-50'

The Radar Altitude Vertical Scale is graduated in 50 foot incrementsfrom 50 to 200 feet AGL.

For example, the display shown above indicates that the helicopter is at150 feet AGL.

B-17

II-T13

daar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale arehi~hlghted in green.

II

The direction and relative change in altitude are graphically indicatedby the direction and rate of movement of the Radar Altitude VerticalTape.


Radar Altitude Vertical Taestarts at 50fet

lincreases to 150 feet in 2 seconds, and thenIdecreases to 100 feet in 1 second.


B-18

II-TI4

i Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale are|highlighted.

170

The Radar Altitude Lertical Tape and Scale disaarZ when thehelicopter climbs to 200 feet AGL.

Press spacebar to simulate helicopter climbing above 200 feet AGL.

Radar Altitude Digital Readout increases from 170feet to 200 feet, in 10-foot increments, at rate ofone change per second. Radar Altitude Vertical Tapeincreases accordingly. When Tape reaches 200-foottick mark, Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scaledisappear from the display. Readout continues toincrease to 220 feet.


B-19

II-TI5

llNothing is highlighted in green.

I__ 210

The Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale reappears when the helicopterdescends to 180 feet AGL.

Press spacebar to simulate helicopter descending below 180 feet.

Radar Altitude Digital Readout starts at 210 feetand decreases to 180 feet in 10 foot increments, atrate of one change per second. When Readoutreaches 180 feet, Radar Altitude Vertical Tape andScale reappear on display and are shown in green.Readout continues to decrease to 160 feet. Tapedecreases accordingly.


B-20

II-T16

Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale arehighlighted in green.

ISO

The Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale are driven by the radaraltimeter when the altitude data are valid.

B-21

II-T17

Rate of Climb Indicator and Scale are highlightedH in green.

This is the Rate of Climb Indicator and Scale.

The Rate of Climb Indicator shows the helicopter's rate of climb ordescent in reference to the Rate of Climb Scale.

The Rate of Climb Scale is graduated in units of 500 feet.

B-22

II-T18

Only the center tick mark of the Rate of Climb ]

Scale is highlighted in green. I

I_

The center tick mark of the Rate of Climb Scale indicates zero rate ofclimb.

B-23

II-TI9

Only the upper two tick marks of the Rate of Climb I

Scale are highlighted in green. I

The two tick mark3 above the center tick mark indicate 50 nd10foo'-pDer-minute rates of climb.

For example, the Rate of Climb Indicator in this display shows that thehelicopter is in a 500 foot-per-minute climb.

B-24

II-T20

lwOnly the two tick marks of the Rate of ClimbScale are highlighted in green.

The two tick marks below the center tick mark indicate 500 and 1000ot-permin t rates of desent.

For example, the Rate of Climb Indicator in this display shows that thehelicopter is in a 1,000 foot-per-minute descent.

B-25

II-T21

lThe Rate of Climb Indicator is highlighted.

If the doppler data is invalid, the Rate of Climb Indicator remains

fixed at the center of the Race of Climb Scale.

Press spacebar to simulate invalid doppler data.

Indicator moves to center tick mark in about onesecond.


B-26

II-T22

The Horizon Line is highlighted in green.

This is the Horizon Line.

It shows the pitch and roll attitude of the helicopter with respect tothe LOS Reticle, which represents the nose and wings of the helicopter.

The Horizon Line is shown only in the transition and cruise modes offlight.

B-27

II-T23

lthe Horizon Line is highlighted in green.

The Horizon Line is adjustable in pitch and roll by controls located onthe visual display unit (VDU).

The Horizon Line on this display indicates that the nose and wings ofthe helicopter are even with the horizon.

B-28

II-T24


The Horizon Line in this display indicates that the nose of thehelicopter is below the horizon, and that the wings are level with thehorizon.

B-29

II-T25

liThe Horizon Line is highlighted in green.

II

I - -- --- -

The Horizon Line in this display indicates that the nose of thehelicopter is above the horizon, and that the wings are level with thehorizon.

I

B-30

II-T26


I 'i

The Horizon Line in this display indicates that the helicopter is in alevel left turn.

B-31

11-T27

j!~eorizon Line is hiahlighted in creen.

The Horizon Line in this display indicates that the helicopter is in alevel right turn.

B-32

II-T28

lthe Horizon Line is highlighted in green.

The Horizon Line is driven by the Heading and Attitude Reference System(HARS) and will blank if the HARS fails.


After 1 second the Horizon Line disappears from thedisplay.I


B-33

II-T29

The Skid/Slip Ball and Skid/Slip Lubber Lines arehighlighted in green. Horizontal line belowSkid/Slip ball is shown in white.

These are the Skid/Slip Ball and Skid/Slip Lubber Lines. TheSkid/Slip Ball indicates the amount of side force that the helicopter isexperiencing, in reference to the Skid/Slip Lubber Lines.

B-34

II-T30

FThe Skid/Slip Lubber Lines are highlighted in '

[green. l

The Skid/Slip Lubber Lines show the limits of "ball-centered" flight,

and are a reference for the Skid-Slip Ball.


Skid/Slip Ball moves one-half ball width to theleft in 1 second, back to center in 1 second, andone-half ball width to the right in 1 second, thenback to center in I second.


B-35

II-T31

lThe Skid/Slip Ball is highlighted in green.

One quarter (1/4) of a G of lateral acceleration provides fulldisplacement of the Skid/Slip Ball to the left or to the right.

Press spacebar to simulate helicopter experiencing 1/4 of a G ofacceleration.

The Skid/Slip Ball starts at the center and movesto the left-most part of the horizontal line in 2seconds, returns to center in 2 seconds, then movesto the right-most part of the horizontal line in 2seconds, then returns to the center in 2 seconds.


B-36

II- T'42

The Skid/Slip Ball and Skid/Slip Lubber Lines arehighlighted in green.

The Skid/Slip Ball and the Skid/Slip Lubber Lines blank when the HARS isinvalid.

Press spacebar to simulate a HARS failure.

After 1 second, the Skid/Slip Ball and theSkid/Slip Lubber Lines disappear from the display.LOS Reticle and horizontal line below Skid/SlipBall remain on the display.


B-37

You have now completed the lesson on Attitude/Altitude Symbols.



B-38

Symbology Tutor Quiz - Lesson 2: Attitude/Altitude Symbols

This quiz tests how much you learned about the Attitude/AltitudeSymbols presented in Lesson 2. The quiz consists of 22 multiple choicequestions. Each answer has a small box associated ;-ith it. You willsee a cross-shaped pointer just below the question and above the answerboxes. Use the arr keys on the numeric keypad to move the pointer tothe box next to your answer, then press ENTER to confirm your answer.You must answer each question correctly one time before you may leavethe quiz.


B-39

f II-QI

NoDisplayShown

The Engine Torque Digital Readout indicates:1) the amount of torque that the highest torque engine is producing2) the amount of torque that the lowest torque engine is producing3) a weighted average of the amount of torque produced by the two

engines4) an unweighted average of the amount of torque produced by the two

engines

p orec nswer 1 . Ifresponse =2, 3, or 4, go

BI4

B- 40

II-Q2

NoDisplay

Shown

The Engine Torque Digital Readout is located:1) on the left side and center of the display2) on the left side and top of the display3) on the right side and center of the display4) on the right side and top of the display

answer 2. If response 1, 3, or 4, go

B-41

II-Q3

NoDisplayShown

The Engine Torque Digital Readout flashes when:1) torque pressure on the highest torque engine is 98% or higher2) torque pressure on the highest torque engine is 100% or higher3) a torque split between the two engines is greater than 6%4) a torque split between the two engines is greater than 12%

Correct answer =4. If response =1, 2, or 3, goto II-T2. I

B-42

II-Q4

NoDisplay

Shown

The Engine Torque Digital Readout is surrounded by a flashing rectanglewhen:1) torque pressure on the highest torque engine is 98% or higher2) torque pressure on the highest torque engine is 100% or higher3) a torque split between the two engines is greater than 6%4) a torque split between the two engines is greater than 12%

ICorrect answer 1. if response 2, 3, or 4, goIto II-T3.

B-43

II-Q5

NoDisplayShown

The flashing rectangle surrounding the Engine Torque Digital Readout isremoved from the display when:1) torque pressure on the highest torque engine is reduced to 90%2) torque pressure on the highest torque engine is reduced to 94%3) a torque split between the two engines is reduced to 10%4) a torque split between the two engines is reduced to 6%

Corect answer =2. f response = ,3, or 4, go|to II-T4 .

B-44

II-Q6

NoDisplayShown

The Radar Altitude Digital Readout is located:1) on the left side and center of the display2) on the left side and top of the display3) on the right side and center of the display4) on the right side and top of the display

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, goto II-T5.B

B- 45

II-Q7

NoDisplayShown

The Radar Altitude Digital Readout is displayed in 10-foot incrementsbetween:1) 0 feet and 50 feet AGL2) 0 feet and 100 feet AGL3) 50 feet and 1,500 feet AGL4) 50 feet and 2,000 feet AGL

Correct answer - 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, goi to II-T7. I

B-46

II-Q8

NoDisplay

Shown

Which of the following statements about the Radar Altitude VerticalScale is true?1) It is graduated in 5 foot increments from 0 to 50 feet2) It is graduated in 10 foot increments from 0 to 50 feet3) It is graduated in 10 foot increments from 0 to 200 feet4) It is graduated in 50 foot increments from 100 to 200 feet

I Correct answer 4. if response = 1, 2, or 3, goto II-TB1.

B-47

II-Q9

pop

As shown in this display, the helicopter is at approximately whataltitude?1) 20 feet AGL2) 30 feet AGL3) 40 feet AGL4) 50 feet AGL

I Correct answer 3. If response 1, 2, or 4, goto II-T11.

B-48

II-Q1O

I '

As shown in this display, the Radar Altitude Vertical Tape indicatesthat the helicopter is at approximately what altitude?1) 50 feet AGL2) 75 feet AGL3) 100 feet AGL4) 125 feet AGL

Correct answer =4. f response 1 , 2, or 3, go

to XX-T12.

B-49

II-Qil

NoDisplay

Shown

The Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale blanks when the helicopterclimbs to what altitude?1) 150 feet AGL2) 180 feet AGL3) 200 feet AGL4) 250 feet AGL

Correct answer 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, goto II-T14.

B-50

II-Q12

NoDisplay

Shown

After the Radar Altitude Vertical Scale goes blank, it reappears whenthe helicopter descends to what altitude?1) 150 feet AGL2) 180 feet AGL3) 200 feet AGL4) 250 feet AGL

ICorrect answer 2. If response =1, 3, or 4Ito II-TI5.

B-51

II-Q13

NoDisplay

Shown

The Radar Altitude Vertical Tape and Scale are driven by the:1) LDNS2) HARS3) ADSS4) Radar Altimeter

I Correct answer 4response 1, 2, or 3, goto II-TI6.

B-52

II-Q14

NoDisplay

Shown

The Rate of Climb Scale is graduated in units of:1) 100 feet2) 200 feet3) 500 feet4) 1,000 feet

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, goto II-T17.

B-53

II-Q15

I l

As shown in this display, the helicopter is in a:1) 75 foot-per-minute climb2) 750 foot-per-minuta climb3) 75 foot-per-minute descent4) 750 foot-per-minute descent

Correct answer =2. f response 1, 3, or 4, goto XX-T19. l

B-54

II-Q16

_I KI.As shown in this display, the helicopter is in a:1) 150 foot-per-minute climb2) 250 foot-per-minute climb3) 150 foot-per-minute descent4) 250 foot-per-minute descent

Correct answer 4. If response 1, 2, or 3, goto II-T20. I

B-55

II-Q17

NoDisplay

Shown

If the doppler data are invalid, the Rate of Climb Indicator:1) blanks2) flashes3) remains fixed at the center of the Rate of Climb Scale4) remains fixed at the bottom of the Rate of Climb Scale


B-56

II-Q18

NoDisplay

Shown

In which modes of symbology will the Horizon Line be displayed?1) the hover and bob-up modes2) the transition and cruise modes3) the hover, bob-up, and cruise modes4) the hover, bob-up, and transition modes

Correct answer = 2. If response = 1, 3, or 4, goto II-T22.B

B-57

II-Q19

As shown in this display, the helicopter is in a:1) climbing right turn2) descending left turn3) climbing left turn4) descending right turn

Correct answer = 4. If response = 1, 2, or 3, goto XI-T27.

B-58

II-Q20

NoDisplay

Shown

The Horizon Line blanks when:1) the HARS has failed2) the ADSS has failed3) the LDNS has failed4) the Radar Altimeter has failed

nswer 1response 2 or goIto II-T2.

B-59

II-Q21

NoDisplay

Shown

The Skid/Slip Ball is used to show:1) the amount of torque that the highest torque engine is producing2) the amount of side force that the helicopter is experiencing3) the rate at which the helicopter is climbing or descending4) the heading of the aircraft


B-60

II-Q22

NoDisplay

Shown

The Skid/Slip Ball and Skid/Slip Lubber Lines blank when:1) the HARS has failed2) the ADSS has failed3) the LDNS has failed4) the Radar Altimeter has failed

Correct answer 1. f response 2, 3, or 4, go ,B-62.1

B-61

APPENDIX C

SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 3:HEADING/NAVIGATION SYMBOLS

c-i

Lesson 3

Heading/Navigation Symbols

The purpose of this lesson is to teach you to identify andunderstand the meaning of symbols in the Flight Symbology set that givethe pilot heading and navigation information.

The symbols covered in this lesson are:

* The Heading Scale and Fixed Lubber Line• The Command Heading* The Alternate Sensor Bearing• The Horizon Line

C-3

The word "green" is shown In the color green; theword "blue" is shown in the color blue. HThis lesson is divided into two parts: A Tutorial and a Quiz.

Tutorial


The Line of Sight (LOS) Reticle (covered in Lesson 1) will be includedon each display in the tutorial to provide a general frame of reference.

C-4

Quiz

The second part of this lesson consists of a quiz covering thematerial you have just learned. If you answer a question incorrectly,you will briefly review the material covered in that question beforeproceeding with the quiz. After you have completed the quiz, you willhave the opportunity to review the lesson again, go on to anotherlesson, or quit the program.

C

C-5

III-TI

liThe Heading Scale and Fixed Lubber Line are shownfin green.

W 30 33 N 3 6 ElilliillilIil 11l11l

This is the Heading Scale and Fixed Lubber Line.

The Heading Scale moves back and forth behind the Fixed Lubber Line(which represents the nose of the helicopter) to show the magneticheading of the helicopter.

As shown in this display, the helicopter is flying at a heading of 360.

C-6

III-T2

The Heading Scale is shown in green.

30 33 N 3 6 E 12

The Heading Scale shows approximately 180 degrees of heading at onetime. It is graduated in major increments of 30 degrees and in minorincrements of 10 degrees.

As shown in this display, the helicopter is flying at a heading of 030.

C-7

III-T3

The Heading Scale is highlighted in green. Letters Iare not shown. I

W 30 33 N 3 6 E

C


The Heading Scale moves in the opposite direction that the helicopter is

turning.

In this case the helicopter is turning to the left.

Press spacebar to simulate the helicopter turning to the left.

The Fixed Lubber Line remains stationary. TheHeading Scale moves to the right until 300 iscentered over the Fixed Lubber Line. The sequencetakes approximately 5 seconds. Tree and horizonmove to the right until tree is at position "B."At the same time, helicopter pivots left until noseis at position "C." Then Heading Scale looks likethis:

21 24 W 30 33 N 3111111111 1 1l 1 i 1


I

III-T4

Haing Scl shighlighted ingreen. Letrtarenotshown.

W 30 33 N 3 6 E

C

B.


In this case the helicopter is turning to the right.

Press spacebar to simulate the helicopter turning to the right.

The Fixed Lubber Line remains stationary. TheHeading Scale moves to the left until 060 iscentered over the Fixed Lubber Line. The sequencetakes approximately five seconds. Tree and horizonmove to the left until tree is at position "B." Atthe same time, helicopter pivots right until noseis at position "C." Then Heading Scale looks likethis:

33 N 3 6 E 12 15

liillii I 1 1111111


C-9

III-T5

The Heading Scale is shown in green.

3 6 E 12 15 S'l'iil111l11l111l Il

I

II

As shown in this display, the helicopter is flying in a heading of 110.

C-10

III-T6

[The Fixed Lubber Line is highlighted in green. I

W 30 33 N 3 6 E

The Fixed Lubber Line (representing the nose of the helicopter) alsoserves as a reference for two other symbols that will be covered in thislesson: the Command Heading and the Alternate Sensor Bearing.

C-II

III-T7

The Heading Scale and Fixed Lubber Line are shownjin green.

W 30 33 N 3 6 E

J I

L!

The Heading Scale and the Fixed Lubber Line blank when the Heading andAttitude Reference System (HARS) is invalid or has failed.


After 1second, the Heading Scale and the FixedLubber Line disappear from the display.


C-12

III-T8

The Command Heading is highlighted in green.

E 12 15 S 21 24 W

I I

This is the Command Heading.

When the pilot selects either the hover, cruise, or aiin mode, theCommand Heading shows the heading to the next navigation waypoint asdesignated by the Lightweight Doppler Navigation System (LDNS).

In this display, the heading to the next navigation waypoint is 220.

C-13

III-T9

,TeCommand Heading is highlighted in green. '

ILetters are not shown. i

E 12 15 S 21 24 W

C

I Overhead view of helicopter

As the pilot turns the helicopter toward the heading of the nextnavigation waypoint, the Command Heading and the Heading Scale move inthe opposite direction that the helicopter is turning.

In this case, the helicopter is turning to the right.


Command Heading remains at 220 on Heading Scale;Heading Scale moves to the left, in approximately 3seconds, until 220 and Command Heading are centeredover Fixed Lubber Line. Tree and horizon line moveto the left until tree is at position "B." At thesame time, helicopter pivots until nose is atposition "C." Then Heading Scale looks like this:

15 S 21 24 W 30will lii I I l III

A


C-14

III-TIO

The_ Command Heading is highli hted in green.

When the helicopter turns to the heading of the next navigationwaypoint, the Command Heading is centered on the Fixed Lubber Line.

C-15

III-TII

the Command Heading is highlighted in green.

E 12 15 S 21 24 W

When the next navigation waypoint is more than 90 degrees to the left orright of the helicopter's present heading, the Command Heading isdisplayed to the left or right of the Heading Scale in the direction ofthe waypoint.

In this case, the Command Heading is set at 060.

C-16

III-T12

i The Command Heading is highlighted in green.Letters are not shown.

E 12 15 S 21 24 W1A1I"I 1"I II I

A

/_ C

4 B


When the helicopter turns to within 90 degrees of the next navigationwaypoint heading, the Command Heading moves with the Heading Scale inthe opposite direction that the helicopter is turning.

In this case, the helicopter is turning to the left.


The Heading Scale moves to the right from itspresent position to 150 degrees. When the HeadingScale reaches 150 degrees, the Command Headingremains at 060 on the Heading Scale and moves withthe Heading Scale until the helicopter's heading is090 (E). Tree and horizon move to the right untiltree is at position "B." At the same time,helicopter pivots to the left until nose is atposition "C." The entire sequence takesapproximately 4 seconds. Then Heading Scale lookslike this:

N 3 6 E 12 15 S


C-17

III-T13

lThe Command Heading is hi hlighted in green.-

N 3 6 E 12 15Iiii l~ lll lilli

1

When the bob-up mode is selected, the meaning of the Command Headingchanges. The Command Heading now indicates the helicopter's heading byappearing over the Fixed Lubber Line.

As shown in this display, the bob-up mode has just been selected and thehelicopter is at a heading of 80 degrees.

C

C-18

III-T14

The Command Heading is highlighted in green.Letters are not shown.

N 3 6 E 12 15

A


As the pilot turns the helicopter away from the heading at which thebob-up mode was selected, the Command Heading, along with the HeadingScale, moves in the opposite direction that the helicopter is turning.

In this case, the helicopter is turning to the right.


Command Heading remains at 080 on the HeadingScale. Heading Scale and Command Heading move tothe left from present position until 150 iscentered over the Fixed Lubber Line. Tree andhorizon move to the left until tree is at position"B." At the same time, helicopter pivots right

until nose is at position "C." The sequence takesapproximately 5 seconds. Then Heading Scale willlook like this:

6 E 12 15 S 21 24I II l l I I I I I I I I l 11 l


C-19

III-TI5

iThe Command Heading is highlighted in green.Letters are not shown.

6 E 12 15 S 21 24''Al l ij l II III

IC

S B C


To return to the heading at which the bob-up mode was initiated, thepilot turns the helicopter toward the Command Heading until the CommandHeading is aligned with the Fixed Lubber Line.

In this case, the helicopter is turning to the left.


Command Heading remains at 080. Heading Scale andCommand Heading move to the right until 080 iscentered over Fixed Lubber Line. Tree and horizonline move to right until tree is at position "B."At the same time, helicopter pivots until nose isat position "C." The sequence takes approximately5 seconds. Then Heading Scale will look like this:

N 3 6 E 12 15:illl illli1l11l111111


C-20

III-T16

The Command Heading is highlighted in green.

W 30 33 N 3 6 EIll Il I I j i Il 111l

The Command Heading is considered part of the Heading Scale. TheCommand Heading, along with the Heading Scale and Fixed Lubber Line,blank when the HARS output is invalid or has failed.


After 1 second, Command Heading, Heading Scale, andFixed Lubber Line disappear from the dizlay.


C-21

III-T17

1The Alternate Sensor Bearing is highlighted ingreen.

W 30 33 N 3 6 EIii l11111i1 IIIiiIil


This is the Alternate Sensor Bearing.

It indicates the bearing or heading of the CPG's sensor LOS with respectto the heading of the helicopter (which is represented by the FixedLubber Line). The CPG's sensor is located in the nose of thehelicopter.

As shown in this display, the CPG's sensor LOS is to the left of thehelicopter's nose on a heading of 320.

C-22

III-T18

The Alternate Sensor Bearing is highlighted in

green. Letters are not shown.

W 30 33 N 3 6 E


When the azimuth of the CPG's sensor LOS is more than 90 degrees to theleft or right of the helicopter's present heading, the Alternate SensorBearing is displayed to the left or right of the Heading Scale.

In this case, the CPG's sensor LOS is at a heading of 080.

C-23

III-T19

the Alternate Sensor Bearing is highlighted ingreen. Letters are not shown,

W 30 33 N 3 6 E Dil ll=I= ~ lA c

0

I Overhead view of helicopter

As the CPG's sensor LOS moves to within 90 degrees of the helicopter'sheading, the Alternate Sensor Bearing moves toward the Fixed LubberLine, assuming the heading of the helicopter does not change.

Press spacebar to simulate CPG sensor LOS moving to the left.

The Heading Scale remains stationary. TheAlternate Sensor Beating moves left along theHeading Scale from its present position 'nntil it iscentered on the Fixed Lubber Line. At the sametime, CPG's sensor LOS and viewing direction indiagram on right moves from present position topositions "C" and "D," respectively. The sequencetakes approximately 2 seconds.


C-24

III-T20

The Altenate Sensor Beating is highlighted in I

W 30 33 N 3 6 E

=I l l ll I _____1__l__l

Overhead v!aw of helicopter

As shown in this display, the CPG's sensor LOS is pointed straight aheadon a heading of 360.

C-25

III-T21

JThe Alternate Sensor Bearing is highlighted inTreen.

W 30 33 N 30 60 E

I'

The Alternate Sensor Bearing is considered part of the Heading Scale.The Alternate Sensor Bearing, along with the Heading Scale, Fixed LubberLine, and the Command Heading blank when the HARS output is invalid orhas failed.


After 1 second, Alternate Sfinsor Bearing, HeadingScale, Fixed Lubber Line, ay.d Command Headingdisappear from the display.


C-26

III-T22

jiThe Horizon Line is highlighted in green. ii

T 310 33 N 3

This is the Horizon Line.

It shows the pitch and roll attitude of the helicopter with respect tothe LOS Reticle (which represents the nose and wings of the helicopter).

The Horizon Line is shown only in the nrulse and transition modes offlight.

C-27

III-T23

lThe Horizon Line is highlighted irA green. Lettersare not shown.

24 W 30 33 N 3 6

B A

C A

B

As the heli..opter turns to the left, the Heading Scale moves to the

right.

Press spacebar to simulate helicopter turning to the left.

Horizon Line, horizon, and tree move from presentpositions to positions "A," "B," and "C,"respectively in about 1 second. Heading Scalestarts moving about .5 second after Horizon Line,horizon, and tree start moving, and moves to theright from 330 to .00 in About 4 seconds. HorizonLine, horizon, and tree start moving back tooriginal positions about .5 second before HeadingScale stops. Horizon Line, horizon, tree, andHeading Scale end movement at the same time. ThenHead3ng Scale looks like this:

21 24 W 30 33 N 3

i I IIII II 111 1 11


C-28

III-T24

lThe Horizon Line is highlighted in green. Letters

fare not shown.

21 24 W 30 33 N 3

AB

ABC

As the helicopter turns to the right, the Heading Scale moves to theleft.

Press spacebar to simulate helicopter turning to the right.

Horizon Line, horizon, and tree move from presentpositions to positions "A," "B," and "C,"respectively in about 1 second. Heading Scalestarts moving about .5 second after Horizon Line,horizon, and tree start moving, and moves to theleft from 300 to 330 in about 4 seconds. HorizonLine, horizon, and tree start moving back tooriginal positions about .5 second before HeadingScale stops. Horizon Line, horizon, tree andHeading Scale end movement at the same time. ThenHeading Scale looks like this:

24 W 30 33 N 3 6


C-29

III-T25


W 30 33 N 30 60 E

The Horizon Line is driven by the HARS. The Horizon Line, along withthe Heading Scale, the Fixed Lubber Line, the Alternate Sensor Bearing,and the Command Heading blank if the HARS fails.


After 1 second, Horizon Line, Heading Scale, FixedLubber Line, Alternate Sensor Bearing, and CommandHeading disappear from the display.


C-30

You have now completed the lesson oil Heading/Navigation Symbols.



C-gI

Symbology Tutor Quiz - Lesson 3: Heading/Navigation Symbols

This quiz tests how much ou learned about the Heading/NavigatioaSymbols presented in Lesson 3. The quiz consists of 21 multiple choicequestions. Each answer has a small box associated with it. You willsee a cross-shaped pointer just below the question and above the answerboxes. Use the arrow keys on the numeric keypad to move the pointer tothe box next to your answer, then press ENTER to confirm your answer.You must answer each question correctly one time before you may leavethe quiz.


C

C-37

'I

III-QI

NoDisplayShown

The Heading Sca2e shows approximately how many degrees of magneticheading at one time:1) 60 degrees21 90 degrees3) 20 degrees4) 183 degrees

I Correct answer 4. I response = , 2, or 3, go

4. If

Jto III-T2.

C-33

III-Q2

NoDisplay

Shown

The Fixed Lubber Line represents:1) the nose of the aircraft2) the heading of the pilot's sensor LOS3) the heading of the CPG's sensor LOS4) the heading to the next navigation ,waypoint

Correct answer = 1. If response =2 or 3, go toIII-TI; if 4, go to III-TI I

C-34

III-Q3

6 E i2 15 S 2i

A | A

As shown in this display, the heading of the helicopter is:1) 0802) 1403) 1804) 210

ICorrect answer = 2. If response = , 3, or 4, goto III-T2, III-T5.

C-35

III-Q4

24 W 30 33 N 3

A | A

If the helicopter turns to the left:1) The Fixed Lubber Line remains stationary and the Heading Scale moves

to the left2) The Fixed Lubber Line remains stationary and the Heading Scale moves

to the right3) The Heading Scale remains stationary and the Fixed Lubber Line moves

to the left4) The Heading Scale remains stationary and the Fixed Lubber Line moves

to the right

ctanswer = 2. f response 1, 3, or 4, go

C-36

III-Q5

NoDisplay

Shown

The Heading Scale and the Fixed Lubber Line blank when:1) the HARS fails2) the ADSS fails3) the LDNS fails4) the Radar Altimeter fails

Correct answer = 2. If response = 2, 3, or 4, goto III-T7.

C-37

III-Q6

NoDisplayShown

When the pilot selects the cruise mode, the Command Heading shows:1) the helicopter's present heading2) the heading of the CPG's sensor LOS3) the helicopter's heading when the bob-up mode was selected4) the heading to the next navigation waypoint

Correct answer = 4. If response = 1, go to IITI- T8,III-T1; if 2, go to III-T8, IIX-T17; If 3, go to

C-38

III-Q7

S 21 24 30 33 N 3

111111 ,-ijli i i i l

A U A

As shown in this display, if the pilot selects the transition mode, theheading to the next navigation waypoint is:1) 2202) 3003) 3104) 340

Correct answer = 4. If response = 1, go to III-T8,III-T17; if 2, go to Ill-T8, Ill-TI; if 3, go toIlI-T8.

C-39

1:I-Q8

S 21 24 30 33 N 3

A I

As shown in this display, when the helicopter turns toward the headingof the next navigation waypoint:1) the Command Heading does not move, the Heading Scale moves to the

left2) the Command Heading does not move, the Heading Scale moves to the

right3) the Command Heading and the Heading Scale move together to the left4) the Command Heading and the Heading Scale move together to the right

Correct answer = 3. If respon ;e = 1 or 2, go toIII-T9; if 4, go to III-T9, JTX-T17.

C-40

III-Q9

24 W 30 33 N 3

As shown in this display, if the pilot selects the cruise mode:1) the helicopter's heading is identical to the heading to the next

navigation waypoint2) the helicopter's heading is identical to the heading at which the

bob-up mode was selected3) the helicopter's heading is identical to the CPG's sensor LOS4) the heading to the next navigational waypoint is 260 degrees

Correct answer = 1. If response = 2, go to III-T10, III-T13; if 3 or 4, go to III-T10, III-T17.

C-41

II

Ij I

if the pilot selects the cruise mode, the syr.-bology in this displayshows that:1) the Alternate Sensor Bearing is more than 90 degrees to the left of

the helicopter's nose1) the Alternate Sensor Bearing is more than 90 degrees to the right of

the helicopter's nose3) the Command Heading is more than 90 degrees to the left of the

helicopter's nose4) the Command Heading is more than 90 degrees to the right of the

helicopter's nose

'orrect answer = 3. If response = 1 or 2, go toIII-T11, III-T17; if 4, go to III-T11.

C-42

III-QII

NoDisplay

Shown

When the helicooter turns to within 90 degrees of the next nav_at_-o.wayoint heading, the Coma..and Heading:1) moves with the Heading Scale ir, the same direction that the

helicopter is turning2) moves with the Heading Scale in the opposite direction that the

helicopter is turning3) remains fixed at the left side of the Heading Scale4) flashes on and off until the helicopter is within 90 degrees of the

next navigation waypoint

Correct answer 2. If respcnse = 1, 3, or a, go|to III-T12.

C-43

III-Q12

NoDisplayShown

When the bob-up mode is selected, the Command Heading indicates:1) the pilot's sensor LOS at the time the bob-up mode was selected

2) the CPG's sensor LOS at the time the bob-up mode was selected

3) the heading to the next navigation waypoint at the time the bob-upmode was selected

4) the helicopter's heading at the time the bob-up mode was selected

Correct answer = 4. If response = 1, go to III-TI3;if 2, go to III-T13, I1I-T17; if 3, go to III-T13,

C-44

III-QI3

N 3 6 E 12 15

As shown in this display, if the pilot selects the bob-up mode and thehelicopter turns to the right, the Command Heading:1) moves to the left2) moves to the right3) remains at its present position4) disappears from the display

Corz-ect answer = 1. If response = 2, 3, or 4, go

Ito III-T14.

C-45

III-Ql4

6 E 12 15 S 21

A I A

As shown in this display, to return to the heading at which the bob-upmode was initiated, the pilot should turn the helicopter to whatheading?1) 0802) 1403) 2104) 240

CorCrect answer = 3. If response = 1, go to -IT15, III-TI7; if 2, go to III-TI5, III-TI; if 4, go[to III-T15.

C-46

III-QI5

NoDisplayShown

The Command Heading banks when:1) the LDNS fails2) the Radar Altimeter fails3) the HARS fails4) the ADSS fails

-46.

C-47

III-QI6

NoDisplay

Shown

The Alternate Sensor Bearing indicates:1) the heading to the next navigation waypoint2) the helicopter's present heading3) the CPG's sensor LOS4) the pilot's sensor LOS

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1 or 4, go toIII-T17; if 2, go to III-T17, III-T8.

C-48

III-Q17

S 21 24 W 30 33

A I

As shown in this display, the CPG's sensor LOS is:1) 1602) 2003) 2604) 290

C- 49

III-QI8

l1No

DisplayShown

If the CPG's sensor LOS is more than 90 degrees to the left or right ofthe helicopter's heading, the Alternate Sensor Bearing:1) flashes intermittently2) disappears from the display3) appears to the left or right edge of the Heading Scale4) appears in the middle of the Heading Scale

Correct a r 3. If response = I or 4, go toII-1;if 2, go to III-T18, III-T21. I

C-50

III-Q19

NoD.splay

Shown

The Alternate Sensor Bearing blanks when:1) the HARS fails2) the LDNS fails3) the ADSS fails4) the Radar Altimeter fails

1 Creianswer =1. If res.onse =2, 3, or 4, go

r2 1.

C-51

III-Q20

33 N 3 6 E 12 15

According to the symbology shown in this display:1) The Fixed Lubber Line remains stationary and the Heading Scale moves

to the left2) The Fixed Lubber Line remains stationary and the Heading Scale moves

to the right3) The Heading Scale remains stationary and the Fixed Lubber Line moves

to the left4) The Heading Scale remains stationary and the Fixed Lubber Line moves

to the right

I Correct answer =2. If response = 1, 3, or 4, goto III-T23.

C-52

III-Q21

[

NoDisplay

Shown

The Horizon Line blanks when:1) the ADSS fails2) the Radar Altimeter fails3) the LDNS fails4) the HARS fails

answer 4. if response =. 2, or 3, goIto III-25. I

C-53

APPENDIX D

SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 4:CENTRAL/PERIPHERAL CUEING/REFERENCE SYMBOLS

D-1

Lesson 4a

Central Cueing/Reference Symbols

The purpose of Lesson 4 is to teach you to identify and understandthe meaning of symbols in the Flight Symbology set that give the pilotcueing and reference information. Lesson 4 is divided into two parts:Lesson 4a covers cueing/reference sybols that are located in thecentral part of the display; Lesson 4b covers cueing/reference symbolsthat are located in the lower part of the display.

You are now in Lesson 4a. The symbols covered in Lesson 4a are:

* The Head Tracker• The Cueing Dots* The Cued LOS Reticle

The symbols that are covered in Lesson 4b are:

* The Field of Regard Box* The Field of View Box* The Cued LOS Dot

You can go through Lesson 4a and 4b in any order; however, it isrecommended that you go through Lesson 4a before proceeding to Lesson4b.

D-3

The word "green" is shown in the color green; thewor ' ue" is shown in the color blue.


Tutorial


The Line of Sight (LOS) Reticle (covered in Lesson 1) is includedon each display in the tutorial to provide a general frame of reference.

D-4

Quia

The second part of this lesson consists of a quiz covering thematerial you have just learned. If you answer a question incorrectly,you will briefly review the material covered in that qaestion beforeproceeding with the quiz. After you have completed the quiz, you willhave the opportunity to review the lesson again, go on to anotherlesson, or quit the program.

D-5

IVa-Tl

IThe Head Tracker is highlighted in green.

thy I

This is the Head Tracker.

It indicates the location of the helicopter centerline in relation tothe pilot's LOS (which is represented by the LOS Reticle).

D-6

IVa-T2

The Head Tracker is highlighted in green. Text, I

Idotted lines, numnbers, °ind arrows in display itreIshown in blue.

HelicopterCenterline

150

200 200

Pilot's LOS150

The Head Tracker is displayed when the pilot's LOS is within ±20 degreesazimuth and ±15 degrees elevation of the aircraft centerline.

D-7

IVa-T3

'IThe Head Tracker is highlighted in green. Text, ,lines, and numbers are shown in blue. I


7.5-°

'I _

Pilot's LOS

Side view of helicopter

As shown in this display and in the diagram on the right, the pilot'sLOS is approximately 7.5 degrees below the helicopter centerline.

D-8

IVa-T4

The Head T,-acker is highlighted in green. Text, I

lines, and numbers are shown in blue. I


PosO0


As shown in this display and in the diagram on the right, the pilot'sLOS is approximately 10 degrees to the left of the helicoptercenterline.

D-9

IVa-T5

The Head Tracker is highlighted in green.

!I I _

I;

As shown in this display, the pilot's LOS is approximately 7.5 degreesbelow and 10 degrees to the right of the helicopter centerline.

D

I.

D- 10

IVa-T6

II~thngis highlighted ingreen. Letters are not

A B 0


When the pilot moves his LOS within 20 degrees (azimuth) or 15 degrees(elevation) of the helicopter centerline, the Head Tracker moves ontothe display.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS from right to left towithin 20 degrees azimuth of the helicopter centerline.

After 1-second delay, Head Tracker appears atposition "A" and moves to position "B" in about 1second. At the same time, tree and horizon move tothe right until tree is at position "C"; pilot'sviewing direction and sensor LOS in diagram moveleft from present positions to positions "D" and"E" , respectively.


D--11

IVa-T7

The Head Tracker is highlighted in green. Lettersare not shown.

D

C

B


When the pilot moves his LOS more than 20 degrees azimuth or 15 degreeselevation away from the helicopter centerline, the Head Tracker movesoff the display.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS 40 degrees to the right.

After 1 second, Head Tracker moves from presentposition to the left until it disappears from thedisplay. At the same time, tree and horizon moveto the left until tree is at position "B"; pilot'ssensor LOS and viewing direction in diagram move tothe right from present positions to positions "C"and "D"', respectively.

D-12

FI

IVa-T8

The Head Tracker is highlighted in green. Lettersfare not shown.

A C

BPOverhead view of helicopter

The Head Tracker moves in the opite direction that the pilot moveshis LOS. For example, if the pilot moves his LOS to the left, the HeadTracker moves to the right, while the LOS Reticle remains stationary.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS from right to left.

Head Tracker moves from present position toPosition "A". At the same time, horizon and treemove from present position to the right until thetree is at position "B", and pilot's viewingdirection and sensor LOS in diagram move frompresent position to positions "C" and "D",respectively. The sequence takes about 1 second.


D-13

IVa-T9

l The Head Tracker is highlighted in green. Lettersare not shown.

c

B Side view of helicopter

If the pilot moves his LOS upward, the Head Tracker moves downward,while the LOS Reticle remains stationary.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS upward.

Head Tracker moves from present position toPosition "A". At the same time, horizon and treemove downward from present position until tree isat position "B", and pilot's viewing direction andsensor LOS in diagram move from present position topositions "C" and "D", respectively. The sequencetakes about 1 second.


D-14

IIVa-TlO

liThe Head Tracker is highlighted in green. Letters[are not shown.

A

B

If the pilot moves his LOS upward and to the left, the Head Trackermoves downward and to the right, while the LOS Reticle remainsstationary.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS upward and to the left.

Read Tracker moves from present position downwardand to the right to Position "A". At the same ftime, horizon and tree move downward and to theright from present position until tree is atposition "B". The sequence takes about 1 second.


D-15

IVa-Tll

The Head Tracker is highlighted in green. Letters I

are not shown. I

i$

B

As shown in this display, the pilot's LOS is below and to the left ofthe helicopter centerline.

To have the LOS coincident with the helicopter centerline, the pilotshould move his LOS upward and to the right, in the direction of theHead Tracker.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS upward and to the right.

Head Tracker moves downward and to the left untilit overlaps the LOS Reticle. At the same time,horizon and tree move downward to the left frompresent position until tree is at position "B".The sequence takes about 1 second. Then add text:

When the pilot's LOS is coincident with the helicopter centerline, theHead Tracker and the LOS Reticle overlap.


D

D-16

IVa-T12

The Head Tracker is highlighted in green. Letterlis notshown.

B

As shown in this display, the pilot is looking directly above thehelicopter centerline.

To have his LOS coincident with the helicopter centerline, the pilotshould move his LOS downward until the Head Tracker and the LOS Reticleoverlap.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS downward.

Head Tracker moves upward until it is centered onthe LOS Reticle. At the same time, horizon andtree move upward from present position until treeis at position "B". The sequence takes about 1second.


D-17

IVa-TI3

the Cuein Dots are highlighted in green.

These are the Cueing Dots.

The Cueing Dots serve two functions:* to indicate that an IHADDS boresight is required, and* to indicate cued direction for target acquisition.

D-18

IVa-T14

iNothing is highlighted in green. I

When all four Cueing Dots are flashing, this indicates that anIntegrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADSS) boresight isrequired.

The Cueing Dots remain on the screen and flash until the boresight isaccomplished.

Press spacebar to simulate that an IHADSS boresight is required.

JAll fur Cueing Dots appear and f lash at rate of '1.75 sec on/.25 sec off for 5 seconds. i


D-19

IVa-T15

Nothing is highlighted in green. Left-hand segmentof Fire Control Panel is shown on left. Blue boxis drawn around ACQ SEL switch which is in the"OFF" position.

FIRE CONTROL

SIGHT SEL C SESTBY CPG

HVDNVS _

NVS FXD

One or two Cueing Dots appear at the top, bottom, or sides of the LOSReticle to indicate the direction the pilot should move his LOS to becoincident with the CPG's LOS when:

" the pilot places the ACQ SEL switch on the Fire Control Panelin the CPG position (up), and

* the CPG's LOS is more than 4 degrees from the pilot's LOS.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot placing the ACQ SEL switch in the CPGposition.

H The switch is shown in the "CPG" position.The right Cueing Dot appears. Then add this text:

In this display, the right Cueing Dot appears to indicate that the pilotshould look directly to the right for his LOS to be coincident with theCPG's LOS.


D-20

IVa-Tl6

The top Cueing Dot is highli hted in green. ]

7

As shown in this display, the pilot needs to look directly upward forhis LOS to be coincident with the CrG's LOS.

D-21

IVa-T17

The top and right Cueing Dots are highlighted in

As shown in this display, the pilot needs to move his LOS upward and tothe right for his LOS to be coincident with the CPG's LOS.

D- 22

IVa-T18

All four Cueing Dots arie highlighted in green.Bottom and left Cueing Dots are flashing at a .75

Iscon/.25 scoff rat--.

S

If the pilot selects cueing (places the ACQ SEL switch in the CPGposition) and a boresight is required, the cueing dot(s) providing thecueing remain on in the steady state, while the remaining dots flash.

The Cueing Dots in this display indicate that:" the pilot should move his LOS upward and to the right to becoincident with the CPG's LOS, and

" a boresight is required.

I

D-23

IVa-T19

lThe Cued LOS Reticle is highlighted in qreen. I

0

II

This is the Cued Line-of-Sight (LOS) Reticle.

The Cued LOS Reticle serves two functions:* to indicate the relative position of the CPG's LOS, and* to indicate the computed rounds impact point for the 30mmgun.

D-24

IVa-T20

Nothing is highlighted in green. Letters are notshown. Left-hand segment of Fire Control Panel isshown on left. Blue box is drawn around ACQ SELswitch, which is shown in "OFF" position.

AFIRE CONTROLA

BSIGHT SEL ACQ SEM

STBY CPG IHMD NVS OF

NVS FXD

After the pilot has placed the ACQ SEL switch on the Fire Control Panelin the CPG position and the CPG's LOS is within 20 degrees of thepilot's LOS, the Cued LOS Reticle appears to indicate the location ofthe CPG's LOS in azimuth and elevation.

Press spacebar to simulate the pilot placing the ACQ SEL switch in theCPG position.

ACQ SEL switch is shown in "CPG" position. Top and

fright Cueing Dots appear. After 2 seconds, CuedILOS Reticle appears at position "A" and moves to|position "B" in about I second.


D-25

IVa-T21

I The Cued LOS Reticle is highlighted in green.Letters are not shown. ,

IA

B

As shown in this display, the Cueing Dots and the Cued LOS Reticleindicate that the pilot must move his LOS (as represented by the LOSReticle) upward and to the right to be coincident with the CPG's LOS.

The Cued LOS Reticle moves while the LOS Reticle remains stationary.When the pilot's LOS is within 4 degrees of the CPG's LOS, the CueingDots will blank.


After 2 seconds, Cued LOS Reticle moves downwardand to the left until it overlaps the LOS Reticle,in about 1 second. At the same time, horizon andtree move downward and to the left from presentposition until tree is at position "B". CueingDots disappear from display when Cued LOS Reticlereaches position "A". Then add text:

Once the pilot has moved his LOS so that it is coincident with the CPG'sLOS, the Cued LOS Reticle is superimposed on the LOS Reticle.


D-26

IVa-T22

, The Cued LOS Reticle is highlighted in green.ILetters are not shown. I

* Ii = A--, I

As shown in this display, the Cueing Dot and the Cued LOS Reticleindicate that the pilot must move his LOS directly to the left to becoincident with the CPG's LOS.

The Cued LOS Reticle moves while the LOS Reticle remains stationary.

Press spaceb'r to simulate pilot moving his LOS to the left.

After 2 seconds, Cued LOS Reticle moves to the

right until it overlaps the LOS Reticle, in about 1second. At the same time, horizon and tree move tothe right from the present position until tree isat position "B". Cueing Dot disappears from thedisplay when Cued LOS Reticle reaches position "A".


D-27

IVa-T23

Cued LOS Reticle is highlighted in green.

--

When the Cued LOS Reticle overlapps the Head Tracker, the CPG's LOS iscoincident with the helicopter centerline.

D-28

IVa-T24

The Left-hand segment of Fire Control Panel isshown on left. Blue box is drawn around ACQ SELswitch, which is shown in the 'CPG" position. TheCued LOS Reticle is highlighted in green.

FIRE CONTROL_

SIGHT SEL ACQ SELSTBY CPG

HM NVS O t 1

NVS FXD

When the pilot turns the ACQ SEL switch to the "OFF" position, the CuedLOS Reticle disappears from the display. This may be desirable todeclutter the display.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot turning ACQ SEL switch to "OFF"position.

ACQ SEL switch is shown in the "OFF" position;after .5 second, Cued LOS Reticle disappears fromthe display.


D-29

IVa-T25

Segment of Fire Control Panel is shown on left.'Blue boxes are drawn around GUN switch (shown in

position). The Cued LOS Reticle is highlighted ingl~reen .

FIRE CONTROL

ARM '-1 .RT

NORM rNORMF

SAFE S iOFTE GND FXDR STOW

OFF__ ___

The second function of the Cued LOS Reticle is to indicate the computedrounds impact point for the machine gun when:

" the pilot places the GUN switch on the Fire Control Panel inthe FXD position, and

" the pilot actions the gun system with the Master switch on theFire Control Panel in either the safe or armed condition.

D-30

You have now completed the lesson on Central Cueing Symbols.


0 Take the Quiz. Return to the Main Menu

D-31

Symbology Tutor Quiz - Lesson 4a: Central Cueirig/Reference Symbols

This quiz tests how much you learned about the Central Cueing/Reference Symbols presented in Lesson 4a. The quiz consists of 17multiple choice questions. Each answer has a small box associated withit. You will see a cross-shaped pointer just below the question andabove the answer boxes. Use the arrowkey on the numeric keypad tomove the pointer to the box next to your answer, then press ENTER toconfirm your answer. You must answer each question correctly one timebefore you may leave the quiz.


D-32

IVa-Q1

NoDisplay

Shown

The Head Tracker indicates:1) the location of the helicopter centerline2) the location of the pilot's head3) the location of the pilot's LOS4) the location of the CPG's LOS

I Correct answer =1. If response.= 2, 3, or 4, goG to IVa-TI.

D-33

IVa-Q2

NoDisplayShown

The Head Tracker is displayed when the pilot's LOS is within:1) ±15 degrees azimuth and t20 degrees elevation of the helicopter's

centerline2) ±20 degrees azimuth and ±15 degrees elevation of the helicopter's



centerline

Correct answer = 2. If response 1, 3, or 4, goto IVa-T!2.

D-34

IVa-Q3

I"'-I -- "

II

As shown in this display, the pilot's LOS is:1) below and to the left of the helicopter centerline2) below and to the right of the helicopter centerline3) above and to the left of the helicopter centerline4) above and to the right of the helicopter centerline

Correct answer = 1. If response = 2, 3, or 4, goDto IVa-T-.

D-35

IVa-Q4

_ I

As shown in this display, the pilot's LOS is approximately:1) 7.5 degrees above the helicopter centerline2) 7.5 degrees below the helicopter centerline3) 10 degrees to the left of the helicopter centerline4) 10 degrees to the right of the helicopter centerline

Correct answer =. If response 2, 3, or 4, goto IVa-T3.

D-36

IVa-Q5

As shown in this display, in order for the pilot's LOS to be coincidentwith the helicopter centerline, the pilot should mcve his LOS:1) upward and to the left2) upward and to the right3) downward and to the left4) downward and to the right

rTorrect answer = 2. If response = 1, 3, or 4, goto Ira -T11.

D-37

IVa-Q6

Letters are shown in blue.

B" C

A

According to the symbology shown in this display, as the pilot moves hisLOS to be coincident with the helicopter centerline:1) symbol "A" moves upward and to the left while symbol "B" remains

stationary2) symbol "B" moves downward and to the right while symbol "A" remains

stationary3) symbol "A" moves upward and to the right while symbol "C" remains

stationary4) symbol "C" moves downward and to the left while symbol "A" remains

stationary

I[Correct answer 4. If response = 1, 2, or 3, goto IVa-T11.

D-38

IVa-Q7

NoDisplay

Shown

th- pilot moves h; LOS more than 20 degrees away from tlhe0' <e onterlino lie Head Tracker:

L':-Xfls flashing-(-mains fixed -4dge of the display

appezrs on t.he opp,,, a side of the display

CO-a e: S w r . If response =1, 2, or 4, yoJ

D-3 9

IVa-Q8

NoDisplayShown

When all four Cueing Dots are flashing, this indicates that:1) an IHADDS boresight is required2) the HARS has failed3) the ADDS has failed4) the LDNS has failed

Correct answer 1. f response =2, .3, or 4,to XVA-T14. J

D-40

IVa-Q9

NoDisplay

Shown

If the pilot selects cueing and a boresight is required:1) all four Cueing Dots remain on in the steady state2) all four Cueing Dots flash3) the Cueing Dot(s) providing the cueing flash while the remaining

Cueing Dots remain on in the steady state4) the Cueing Dot(s) providing the cueing remain on in the steady state

while the remaining Cueing Dots flash

Correct answer =4. if response =1, 2, or 3, go toIVa - T1 8.

D-41

IVa-QlO

NoDisplay

Shown

One or more Cueing Dots appear when:1) the pilot places the ACQ SEL switch in the CPG position and the CPG's

LOS is less than 4 degrees from the pilot's LOS2) the pilot places the ACQ SEL switch in the CPG position and the CPG's

LOS is more than 4 degrees from the pilot's LOS3) the pilot places the ACQ SEL switch in the PLT position and the CPG's

LOS is less than 4 degrees from the pilot's LOS4) the pilot places the ACQ SEL switch in the PLT position and the CPG's

LOS is more than 4 degrees from the pilot's LOS

Cozrect answer =2. If response 1, 3, or 4, go

D-42

IVa-Qil

II

As shown in this display, which Cueing Dot(s) will appear?1) only the top Cueing Dot2) only the right Cueing Dot3) both the left and bottom Cueing Dots4) both the right and bottom Cueing Dots

Correct answer = 4. If response = 1, ., or 3, goto IVa -T20.

D-43

IVa-Ql2

NoDisplayShown

All the Cueing Dots blank when:1) the pilot's LOS is within 10 degrees of the CPG's LOS2) the pilot's LOS is within 4 degrees of the CPG's LOS3) the ADSS fails4) the HARS fails

answer =2. f response 1, 3, or 4, goI to I~a -T1. I

D-44

IVa-Q13

The symbology shown in this display indicates that:1) the pilot's LOS is coincident with the helicopter centerline2) the pilot's LOS is coincident with the CPG's LOS3) the CPG's LOS is coincident with the helicopter centerline4) the pilot has placed the ACQ SEL switch in the OFF position

Correct answer 1. Xf response 2, 3, or 4, goto IVa-TI1.

D-45

IVa-Q14


Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, goto I~a-23. I

D-46

IVa-Ql5


Correct answer = 2. If response = 1, 3, or 4, goH to IVa-T21.

D-47

IVa-Q16

NoDisplayShown

When the pilot turns the ACQ SEL switch to the OFF position:1) the Cued LOS Reticle appears on the display2) the Cued LOS Reticle disappears from the display3) the Head Tracker appears on the display4) the Head Tracker disappears from the display

answer 2 fresponse 1, orto IVa-T24 .

D-48

IVa-Q17

NoDisplay

Shown

The Cued LOS Reticle indicates the computed rounds impact point of themachine gun when the pilot actions the gun system with the MASTER switchand:1) the pilot places the ACQ SEL switch in the CPG position2) the pilot places the ACQ SEL switch in the OFF position3) the pilot places the GUN switch in the NORM position4) the pilot places the GUN switch in the FXD position

Coretanswer =4. If response =1, 2, or 3, goSto IVa-T25.

D-49

Lesson 4b

Peripheral Cueing/Reference Symbols

The purpose of Lesson 4 is to teach you to identify and understandthe meaning of symbols in the Flight Symbology set that give the pilotcueing and reference information. Lesson 4 is divided into two parts:Lesson 4a covers cueing/reference symbols that are located in thecentral part of the display; Lesson 4b covers cueing/reference symbolsthat are located in the lower part of the display.

You are now in Lesson 4b. The symbols covered in Lesson 4b are:

• The Field of Regard Box* The Field of View Box* The Cued LOS Dot

The symbols that are covered in Lesson 4a are:

* The Head Tracker* The Cueing Dots* The Cued LOS Reticle

You can go thxough Lesson 4a and 4b in any order; however, it isrecommended that you go through Lesson 4a before proceeding to Lesson4b.

D-51

the word "green" is shown In the color green, thevord "blue" is shown In the color blue. .



The Line of Sight (LOS) Reticle (covered in Lesson 1) is includedon each display in the tutorial to provide a general frame of reference.

D-52


D-53

IVb-Tl

The Field of -Regard Box is hi hlighted in green.

This is the Field of Regard Box.

It represents the horizontal and vertical limits of the area that thePNVS is capable of viewing.

D-54

IVb-T2

The Field of Regard Box is highlighted in green.Numbers and dotted lines in diagram are shown inblue.


1 900 +200 900

_ -450

The PNVS Field of Regard is 90 degrees to the left and right of thehelicopter centerline in azimuth and +20 to -45 degrees in elevation.

D-55

IVb-T3

'The Field of Regard Box is highlighted in green.Words, lines, cross, and square are shown in blue.


I 12.5 110

Center of Fieldof Regard Box

As a result of the location of the PNVS Field of Regard, the helicoptercenterline is actually 12.5 degrees above the center of the PNVS Fieldof Regard Box.

D-56

IVb-T4

lThe Field of View Box is highlighted in green. "

This is the Field of View Box.

It shows the instantaneous viewing area of the PNVS (where the pilot islooking) within the Field of Regard.

The center of the Field Of View Box represents the pilot's LOS.

D-57

IVb-T5

TheFie d of V i e w B ox i s h i gh l i g h t e d i n g r e e n .I~oted ines and numbers are shown in blue.

The Field of View Box represents a miniature version of the entire 40degree azimuth by 30 degree elevation PNVS display.

D-58

IVb- T 6

The Field of View Box is hi hli hted in green.


+

Center otField of View Box

As shown in this display, the pilot is looking directly to the right ofthe helicopter centerline.

D-59

IVb-T7

lThe Field of View Box is highli hted in green.


+

Center ofField of View Box

As shown in this display, the pilot is looking below and to the left ofthe helicopter centerline.

D-60

IVb-T8

I The Field of View Box is highlighted in green.Letters are not shown. I

13" A

The Field of View Box moves in the same direction the pilot moves hisLOS. In this case, the pilot is moving his LOS from the left of thehelicopter centerline to the right of the centerline.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS from left to right.

Field of View Box moves from its present positionto position "A" in about 1 second. At the sametime, horizon and tree move to the left from thepresent position until tree is at position "B".


D-61

IVb-T9

the Field of View Box is highlighted in green.Letters are not shown.

B

In this case, th, pilot is moving his LOS from above the helicopter

centerline to a position below the centerline.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS downward.

Field of View Box moves from its present positiondownward to position "A" in about 1 second. At thesame time, horizon and tree move upward from thepresent position until tree is at position "B".


D-62

IVb-Tl0

The Field of View Box is highlighted in green.Letters are not shown.

A B

When the pilot moves his LOS beyond the sensor limits of the PNVS, theField of View Box moves slightly beyond the borders of the Field ofRegard Box.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS beyond the limits of thePNVS Field of Regard.

Field of View Box moves from present position toposition "A', then position "B", and finallyposition "C". At posi-ions "A", "B", and "C", theField of View Box is €.ompletely outside of theField of R--.gard Box. The entire secruence takesabout 3 seco)nds. _ I


D-63

IVb-T11

The Field of View Box is hiahli hted in 2reen.

4!

The location of the Field of View Box within the Field of Regard Boxgives the same information about the pilot's LOS as the location of theHead Tracker in relation to the LOS Reticle.

As shown in this display, both the Field of View Box and the HeadTracker indicate that the pilot's LOS is below and to the right of thehelicopter centerline.

D-64

IVb-Ti2

the Field of View Box is hi hli hted in creen.

B

C

As the pilot moves his LOS upward and to the left:

" the Field of View Box moves in the same direction that thepilot moves his LOS - upward and to the left, and

" the Head Tracker moves in the opposite direction that the pilotmoves his LOS - downward and to the right.

Press spacebar to simulate pi]ot moving his LOS upward and to the left.

Field of View Box moves upward and to the left toposition "A" while the Head Tracker moves downwardand to the right to position "B". At the sametime, horizon and tree move downward and to theright until tree is at position "C". The sequence

Ltakes about 1 second.


D-65

IVb-T13

the Cued LOS Dot is highlighted in green.

This is the Cued LOS Dot.

It shows the CPG's LOS in azimuth and elevation within the PNVS Field ofRegard.

Its purpose is to cue the pilot to the location of the CPG's LOS:* within the Field of Regard, and* in relation to the pilot's LOS (the center of the Field of ViewBox).

D-66

IVb-TI4

The Cued LOS Dot is highlighted in green.

As shown in this display, the location of the Cued LOS Dot indicatesthat the CPG's LOS is:

• to the left of and slightly above the helicopter centerline,and

• directly to the left of the pilot's LOS.

D-67

IVb-T15

The Cued LOS Dot is hi hli hted in green.

In this display, the location of the Cued LOS Dot indicates that theCPG's LOS is:

* directly to the right of the helicopter centerline,* outside the pilot's sensor Field of View, and* above and to the right of the pilot's LOS.

D

D-68

IVb-T16

The Field of View Box is hiqhliqhted in Sreen.

In order for the pilot's LOS to be coincident with the CPG's LOS, thepilot should move his LOS so that the Field of View Box overlaps theCued LOS Dot.

As shown in this display, the pilot should move his LOS upward and to

the right to be coincident with the CPG's LOS.


Field of View Box moves upward and to the rightSuntil it is centered on the Cued LOS Dot.


D-69

IVIb-Tl7

The Cued LOS Reticle is highlighted in green.

III!

The location of the Cued LOS Dot within the Field of View Box gives thesame information about the CPG's LOS as the location of the Cued LOSReticle in relation to the LOS Reticle.

In this case, the CPG's LOS is within the pilot's Field of View, but isslightly below and to the left of the pilot's LOS.

D-70

TVb-T18

IiThe Cued LOS Reticle is highlighted in green.ILetter is not shown.

B

II

,

As the pilot moves his LOS downward and to the left so that his LOS iscoincident with the CPG's LOS:

" the Cued LOS Dot will be in the middle of the Field of ViewBox, and

" the Cued LOS Reticle and the Pilot's LOS will overlap.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot moving his LOS downward and to theleft.

The Cued LOS Reticle moves upward and to the rightuntil it overlaps the LOS Reticle y hile the Fieldof View Box moves downward and to the left until itis centered over the Cued LOS Dot. At the sametime, horizon and tree move upward ,nd to the rightuntil tree is at position "B". The sequence takesabout 2 seconds. Cueing Dots disappear fromdisplay when Cued LOS Reticle reaches position "A".


D-71

IVb-T19

=The Cued LOS Dot is highlighted in green. Letters I

are not shown. I

A B

When the CPG moves his LOS beyond the sensor limits of the PNVS, theCued LOS Dot moves slightly beyond the borders of the Field of RegardBox.

Press spacebar to simulate CPG moving his LOS beyond the limits of thePNVS Field of Regard.

Cued LOS Dot moves from present position toposition "A", then position "B", and finallyposition "C". At positions "A", "B", and "C", theCued LOS Dot is completely outside the Field ofRegard Box. The entire sequence takes about 3seconds.

D-72

IVb-T20

The Cued LOS Dot is hihligihted in areen.

The Cued LOS Dot flashes when the HARS internal platform goes into thefree inertial mode (failed), usually as a result of the dopplernavigation system being in memory.


Cued LOS Dot flashes at rate of .75 sec on/.25 secoff.ff


D-73

You have now completed the lesson on Psripheral Cueing Symbols.



I

I

D-74

Symbology Tutor Quiz - Lesson 4b: Peripheral Cueing/Reference Symbols

This quiz tests how much you learned about the Peripheral Cueina/Reference Symbols presented in Lesson 4b. The quiz consists of 18multiple choice questions. Each answer has a small box associated withit. You will see a cross-shaped pointer just below the question andabove the answer boxes. Use the arr keys on the numeric keypad tomove the pointer to the box next to your answer, then press ENTER toconfirm your answer. You must answer each question correctly one timebefore you may leave the quiz.


D-75

IVb-Ql

NoDisplay

Shown

The Field of Regard Box represents:1) the instantaneous viewing area of the PNVS2) a miniature version of the PNVS display3) the horizontal and vertical limits of the area that the PNVS is

capable of viewing4) the horizontal and vertical limits of the Cued LOS Reticle

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, goto IVb-T1.1

D-76

__1

IVb-Q2

NoDisplay

Shown

The limits of the Field of Regard Box are:1) ±90 in azimuth and +45, -20 degrees in elevation2) ±90 in azimuth and +20, -45 degrees in elevation3) ±110 in azimuth and +45, -20 degrees in elevation4) +110 in azimuth and +20, -45 degrees in elevation

-I

D-77

IVb-Q3

NoDisplay

Shown

The center of the Field of Regard Box is:1) the same as the location of the helicopter centerline2) the same as the location of the Field of View Box3) 12.5 degrees above the helicopter centerline4) 12.5 degees below the helicopter centerline

Correct answer 4. If response = 1, 2, or 3, goIto IVb-T3.

D-78

IVb-Q4

NoDisplay

Shown

The Field of View Box indicates:1) the instantaneous viewing area of the PNVS within the Field of View2) the instantaneous viewing area of the PNVS within the Field of Regard3) the horizontal and vertical limits of the PNVS viewing area4) the horizontal and vertical limits of the centerline

9to IVb-T4.

D-79

IVb-Q5

NoDisplayShown

The Field of View Box represents a viewing area of what dimensions?1' 15 degrees azimuth by 20 degrees elevation2) 20 degrees azimuth by 15 degrees elevation3) 30 degrees azimuth by 40 degrees elevation4) 40 degrees azimuth by 30 degrees elevation

Correct answer = 4. If response = 1, 2, or 3, goHto IVb-T5.

D-80

IVb-Q6

The symbology shown in this PNVS display indicates that the pilot's LOSis:1) directly to the left of the helicopter centerline2) directly to the right of the helicopter centerline3) below and to the right of the helicopter centerline4) below and to the left of the helicopter centerline

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, go to IVb-T7, flIV-T13; if 2 or 4, go to IVb-T7.

D-81

IVb-Q7

The symbology shown in this PNVS display indicates that the CPG's LOS is:1) directly to the left of the helicopter centerline2) directly to the right of the helicopter centerline3) above and to the left of the helicopter centerline4) below and to the right of the helicopter centerline

cor answer 4. f response = 1, go to VA-T15 IVa-T4; if 2 or 3, gc to IVa-T15.

D-82

IVb-Q8

According to the symbology shown in this PNVS display, the pilot should mcvehis LOS in what direction to be coincident with the CPG's LOS:1) upward and to the left2) upward and to the right3) downward and to the left4) downward and to the right

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, go to IVb-

T13, IVb-T16; if 2 or 4, go to IVb-T16.

D-83

II

IVb-Q 9

I_

According to the symbology shown in this PNVS display, the pilot's LOS iscoincident with the CPG's LOS when:1) the Cued LOS Dot is at the middle of the Field of Regard Box2) the Cued LOS Dot is at the middle of the LOS Reticle3) the Cued LOS Reticle is at the middle of the Field of Regard Box4) the Cued LOS Dot is at the middle of the Field of View Box

bT 6.

D-84

IVb-QlO

According to the symbology shown in this PNVS display, the CPG's LOS is:1) below and to the left of the pilot's LOS and within the pilot's field

of view2) below and to the left of the pilot's LOS and outside the pilot's

field of view3) above and to the right of the pilot's LOS and within the pilot's

field of view4) above and to the right of the pilot's LOS and outside the pilot's

field of view

Correct answez = 1. If response = 2, 3, or 4, goto IVb-T1 7.

D-85

IVb-Qll

NoDisplay

Shown

When the pilot moves his LOS beyond the sensor limits of the PNVS, the Fieldof View Box will:1) disappear from the screen2) flash at a rate of .75 seconds on/.25 seconds off3) remain within the borders of the Field of Regard Box4) move slightly beyond the borders of the Field of Regard Box

Correct answer =4. If response =1, 2, or 3, goIt -. IVb-T19.

D-86

lVb -Q 12

Letters are shown in blue.

C

A D

B

According to the symnbology shown in this P-NVS display, the Head Tracker islocated at which oosition:1) position "A"2) po.-ition "B"3) position "C"4) position "D"n

Correct answer =3. If response =1, 2, or 4, goto IVb-T1Z.

D-87

IVb-Q13

A

According to the symbology shown in this PNVS display, if the Head Trackermoves to position ;A", the Field of View Box will move:1) upward and to the left2) upward and to the right3) downward and to the left4) downward and to the right

Correct answer = 1. If response = 2, 3, or 4, goto I b-T12.

D-88

IVb-Q14

NoDisplayShown

The Cued LOS Dot indicates:1) the location of pilot's LOS within the Field of Regard2) the location of CPG's LOS within the Field of Regard3) the direction the pilot should look for his LOS to be coincident with

the CPG's LOS4) the direction the CP- :; , look for his LOS to be coincident with

the pilot's LOS

Correct answer ' . If response = 1, 3, or 4, goto IVb-T. I3

D-89

lVb-Q15

C

I_A D

IIB

wAccording to the symbology shown in this PNVS display, the Cued LOS Reticle islocated at which position:1) position "A"2) position "B"3) position "C"4) position "D"

I Correct a r 3eson 1 2 or ,Ito TVb-T17. I

D-90

IVb-Ql6

A

Iai

I

I

According to the symbology shown in this PNVS display, if the Cued LOS Reticlemoves to position "A", the Cued LOS Dot will move:1) upward and to the left2) upward and to the right3) downward and to the left4) downward and to the right

Correct answer = 2. If response = 1, 3, or 4, goDto IVb-TI8.

D-91

IVb-Ql7

NoDi3play

Shown

When the CPG moves his LOS beyond the sensor limits of the PINS, the Cued LOSDot will:1) remain within the borders of the Field of Regard Box2) move slightly beyond the borders of the Field of Regard Box3) flash at a rate of .75 seconds on/.25 seconds off4) disappear from the screen

ICorrect answer =2. If response = , 3, or[to IM-T19.

D-92

IVb-Ql8

NoDisplay

Shown

The Cued LOS Dot flashes when:1) the ADSS fails2) the Radar Altimeter fails3) the LDNS fails4) the MARS fails

D-93

APPENDIX E

SYMBOLOGY TUTOR STORYBOARDS FOR LESSON 5:WEAPONS USAGE SYMBOLS

E-1

Lesson 5

Weapons Usage Symbols

The purpose of this lesson is to teach you to identify andunderstand the meaning of symbols in the Flight Symbology set that givethe pilot information about the use of the machine gun, the rockets,and the missiles.

The symbols covered in this lesson are:

• The Cued LOS Reticle* The Rocket Steering Cursor• The Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor* The Missile Constraintb Box (Lock-On-Before-Launch)* The Missile Constraints Box (Lock-On-After-Launch)

E-3

The word "green" is shown In the color green, the

Iword "blue" is shown in the color blue. II


in the first part, a facsimile of an AH-64 visual display showingone symbol or a small group of symbols is shown on the top part of thescreen. The symbol or symbols of interest are highlighted in green anddescribed briefly below the display. Supplementary material that doesnot appear on the AH-64 display is shown in blue. In some cases, youwill have the opportunity to see a brief demonstration of how the symbolor symbols move in the display.

The Line of Sight (LOS) Reti.cle (covered in Lesson 1) is includedon the Tutorial displays to provide a general frame of reference.

E-4


E-5

V-TI

The Cued LOS Reticle is highliqhted in qreen"

The Cued LOS Reticle represents the computed rounds impact point for thegun when:

" the pilot places the GUN switch on the Fire Control Computer(FCC) panel in the FXD position, and

" the pilot actions the gun system with the Master switch on thePilot FCC panel in either the safe or armed condition

E-6

V-T2

lineRocet Steering Cursor is highlighted in green.

This is the Rocket Steering Cursor.

it indicates the orientation required to align the helicopter (as

represented by the LOS Reticle) into constraints for rocket engagements

when the aispe of the helicopter is less than 100 knots.

E-7

V-T3

lThe Rocket Steering Cursor is hiqhliqhted in .reen.

The Rocket Steering Cursor is displayed to the pilot when:*either the pilot or the CPG actions the rocket system,* at least one crewmember has the RKT switch (on the FCC panel)

in the NORM position,* the opposite crewmember's RKT switch is n=t in the GND STOWposition, and

* the airspeed of the helicopter is less than 100 knots.

E-8

V-T4

The Rocket Steerinq Cursor is highlighted in oree.j

As shown in this display, the location of the Rocket Steering Cursorindicates that the pilot should turn the helicopter to the left to be inconstraints for using the rockets.

E-9

V-T5

The Rocket Steering Cursor is highlighted in green.Iytter is not shown.

r

As the pilot turns the helicopter (represented by the LOS Reticle) tothe left, the Rccket Steering Cursor moves to the right in the directionof the LOS Reticle, which remains stationary.

Press spacebar to simulate pilot turning the helicopter to the left.

1 T-he RoktSteering Cursor moves from its present]position to position "All In about I second.


E-10

V-T6

The Rocket Steerina Cursor is highlighted in green.

As shown in this display, the Rocket Steering Cursor and the LOS Reticleoverlap when the pilot properly aligns the helicopter to fire therockets.

E-11

V-T7

~he Rocket Steering Cursor is highlighted in areen.

As shown in this display, the helicopter is in proper alignment forrocket engagement when any part of the vertical bar in the RocketSteering Cursor is aligned with the center of the LOS Reticle.

E-12

V-T8

The Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor is highlighted in[green.

II

I -I-

This is the Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor.

It indicates the orientation required to align the helicopter into

constraints for rocket engagements when the airspeed of the helicopteris greater than 100 knots.

E-13

V-T9

TheFixe Rcket Steering Cursor is highlighted in

!__ __ I

The Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor is displayed to the pilot when:• either the pilot or the CPG has their respective RKT switch inthe GND STOW position and action the rocket system,

" the crewmember actioning the rockez system has the RKT switchin NORM,

* the opposite crewmember's RKT switch is not in the GND STOWposition, and

* the airspeed of the helicopter i3 100 knots or more.

E-14

V-TIO

The Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor is highlighted in fiIgreen. I

___I -I-I _lI_

As shown in this display, the location of the Rocket Steering Cursorindicates that the pilot should turn the helicopter (as represented bythe LOS Reticle) to the right to be in constraints for using therockets.

E-15

V-Tll

The Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor is highlighted in fIgreen. Letter is not shown.

I _ I_

As the pilot turns the helicopter (represented by the LOS Reticle) tothe right, the Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor moves to the left in thedirection of the LOS Reticle, which remains stationary.

Press spacebar to simulate the pilot turning the helicopter to theright.

7he Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor moves from itsresent Eosition to 2osition "A" in about 1 second.


E-16

V-T12

The Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor is highlighted in flI green. II

As shown in this display, the Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor and the PNVSLOS Reticle overlap when the pilot properly aligns the helicopter tofire the rockets.

The open area in the middle of the Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor must beplaced directly on the center of the LOS Reticle.

E-17

V-T13

1 The Missile Constraints Box is highlighted ingreen.

I--'--I I

This is the Missile Constraints Box.

It indicates the orientation required to align the helicopter (asrepresented by the LOS Reticle) into constraints for Hellfire missileengagements.

E-18

V-T14

The Missile Constraints Box is highlighted in

I I

A different size Missile Constraints Box is used to indicate:* A Lock-on-Before-Launch (LOBL) condition, and• A Lock-on-After-Launch (LOAL) condition.

E-19

V-T15

The issie Constraints Box is highlighted in

A large box is used to indicate a Lock-on-Before-Launch (LOBL)condition.

E-2 0

V-T16

[The Missile Constraints Box is highlighted ingreen II

I--'I I

A small box is used to indicate a Lock-on-After-Launch (LOAL) condition.

E-21

V-T17

=The Missile Constraints Box is highlighted inIgreen. I

I !

As shown in this display, the location of the Missile Constraints Boxindicates that the pilot must move the helicopter up and to the right tobe in constraints for Hellfire missile engagements.

E-22

V-T18

IIThe Missile Constraints Box is hzghlighted ingreen. Letter is not shown

I I

1 A

As the pilot turns the helicopter (represented by the LOS Reticle) inthe direction of the Missile Constraints Box, the box moves down and tothe left in the direction of the LOS Reticle, which remains stationary.

When all constraints for missile engagement are satisfied, the box willchange from dashed to solid.


The missile Constraints Box moves from its present

Iposition to position "All In about I second. WhenIthe Missile Constraints Box reaches position "A",lit changes from dashed to solid.


E-23

You have now completed the lesson on Weapons Usage Symbols.


• Take the Quiz• Return to the Main Menu

E-24

Symbology Tutor Quiz - Lesson 5: Weapons Usage Symbols

This quiz tests how much you learned about the Weapons UsageSymbols presented in Lesson 5. The quiz consists of 15 multiple choicequestions. Each answer has a small box associated with it. You willsee a cross-shaped pointer just below the question and above the answerboxes. Use the arwky on the Numeric KeyPad to move the pointer tothe box next to your answer, then press ENTER to confirm your answer.You must answer each question correctly one time before you may leavethe quiz.


E-25

V-Q1

NoDisplay

Shown

The Cued LOS Reticle represents the computed rounds impact point for thegun when the pilot:1) places the ACQ SEL switch in the ON position2) places the GUN switch in the FXD position3) actions the gun system with the Master switch in the OFF position4) places the Sight Select Switch in the HMD position


to V-T1.E

E-2 6

V-Q2

NoDisplay

Shown

The Rocket Steering Cursor indicates the orientation required to alignthe helicopter into constraints for rocket engagement when:1) the pilot places the ACQ SEL switch in the ON position2) the pilot places the Sight Select Switch in the HMD position3) the airspeed of the helicopter is less than 100 knots4) the airspeed of the helicopter is more than 100 knots

Correct answer = 3. If response = 1, 2, or 4, goto V-T2.E

E-27

V-Q3

NoDisplay

Shown

Which of the following conditions will n= allow the Rocket SteeringCursor to be displayed to the pilot:1) either the pilot or the CPG actions the rocket system2) at least one crewmember has the RKT switch (on the FCC panel) in the

NORM position3) the airspeed of the helicopter is less than 100 knots4) the opposite crewmember's RKT switch is in the GND STOW position

Correct answer = 4. If response = 1, 2, or 3, goto v-E3. -

E-2 8

V-Q4

As shown in this display, the location of the Rocket Steering Cursorindicates that the pilot should take what action to be in constraintsfor using the rockets?1) turn the helicopter directly to the left2) turn the helicopter directly to the right3) turn the helicopter upward and to the left4) turn the helicopter downward and to the right

=Correct answer = 1. If response = 2, 3, or 4, goto V-T4. I

E-29

V-Q5

As shown in this display, when the pilot aligns the helicopter intoconstraints for rocket engagements:1) the Rocket Steering Cursor remains stationary and the LOS Reticle

moves to the left2) the LOS reticle remains stationary and the Rocket Steering Cursor

moves to the right3) the Rocket Steering Cursor remains stationary and the LOS Reticle

moves to the right4) the LOS reticle remains stationary and the Rocket Steering Cursor

moves to the left

Correct answer = If response = ,3, or 4, goSto V-T5.

II

E-30

V-Q6

NoDisplay

Shown

When the pilot properly aligns the helicopter to fire the rockets:1) the Rocket Steering Cursor disappears from the display2) the Rocket Steering Cursor flashes at a one hertz rate3) the Rocket Steering Cursor turns from dashed to solid4) some part of the vertical bar in the Rocket Steering Cursor aligns

with the center of the LOS Reticle

Corectanswer =4. if response =1, 2, or 3, gEto V-T6.

E-31

V-Q7

lLetters are shown in blue.

A

-DBI I __

CI-..

The symbol shown as position "D" in this display is the:1) Rocket Steering Cursor2) Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor3) LOS Reticle4) Cued LOS Reticle

Correct answer = 2. If response = 1, go to V-T2 V-T8; if 3 or 4, go to V-T8.

E-32

V-Q8

NoDisplay

Shown

Which of the following conditions will not allow the Fixed RocketSteering Cursor to be displayed to the pilot?1) either the pilot or the CPG have their respective RKT switch in the

GND STOW position and action the rock-et system2) the crewmember actioning the rocket system has the RKT switch in NORM3) the opposite crewmember's RKT switch is not in GND STOW4) the airspeed of the helicopter is less than 100 knots

Correct answer 4. If response = 1, 2, or 3, goEto V-T9.

E-33

V-Q9

I -I-I _1I_

As shown in this display, the location of the Fixed Rocket SteeringCursor indicates that the pilot should take what action to be inconstraints for using the rockets?1) turn the helicopter directly to the left2) turn the helicopter directly to the right3) turn the helicopter upward and to the left4) turn the helicopter downward and to the right

I Correct answer 2. If response 1, 3, or 4, goIto V-TIO.

E-34

V-Q1O

I -I-I _ I_

As shown in this display, when the pilot aligns the helicopter intoconstraints for rocket engagements:1) the Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor remains stationary and the LOS

Reticle moves to the left2) the LOS reticle remains stationary and the Fixed Rocket Steering

Cursor moves to the right3) the Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor remains stationary and the LOS

Reticle moves to the right4) the LOS reticle remains stationary and the Rocket Fixed Steering

Cursor moves to the left

Correct answer 4. If response = 1, 2, or 3, goto V-TI1.

E-35

V-Qll

NoDisplayShown

When the pilot properly aligns the helicopter to fire the rockets:1) the Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor disappears from the display2) the Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor turns from dashed to solid3) only the open part of the Fixed Rocket Steering Cursor aligns with

the center of the LOS Reticle4) only the solid part of the vertical bar in the Fixed Rocket Steering

Cursor aligns with the center of the LOS Reticle


E-36

V-Q12

rLetters are shown in blue,

A c

B

Hi l I

Which of the symbols shown in this display would the pilot use to alignthe helicopter for missile engagements in a Lock-on-Before-Launch (LOBL)condition?1) Symbol "A"2) Symbol "B"3) Symbol "C"4) Symbol "D"

Correct answer = 2. If response 1, 3, or 4, goto V-TE15.

E-37

V-Q13

A cI

-I-I D

B F-;

Which of the symbols shown in this display would the pilot use to alignthe helicopter for missile engagements in a Lock-on-After-Launch (LOAL)condition?I) Symbol "A"2) Symbol "B"3) Symbol "C"4) Symbol "D"

iCorrect answer = 4. If response = 1, 2, or 3, go3to V-T16

E-38

V-Q14

F--''I I

As shown in this display, the location of the Missile Constraints Boxindicates that the pilot must move the helicopter in what direction tobe in constraints for missile engagement?1) upward and to the left2) upward and to the right3) downward and to the left4) downward and to the right

Correct answer = 2. If response = 1, 3, or 4, goto V-T17.

E-39

V-Q15

NoDisplay

Shown

When all constraints for missile engagement are satisfied, the MissileConstraints Box:1) disappears from the display2) flashes at a one hertz rate3) changes from dashed to solid4) aligns with the Rocket Steering Cursor

Correct answer = 3. If response = 2, or 4, goto V-T18. I

E-40

0:i · 2011-05-15 · ' 0:i ari research note 89-41 development of the ah-64a display (0...

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