1 2 18 th iaps conference strategies for environmental research and implementation july 7 – 10....
TRANSCRIPT
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18th Iaps Conference
Strategies for Environmental Research and Implementation
July 7 – 10. 2004Vienna - Austria
Meggie MAALOUF Lebanon
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Children housing relationships
in differently structured welfare institutions
- IN LEBANON -
Comparative StudyComparative Study
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Purpose of this study
• Determine a child’s ability to cope on his new environment (socially & physically) :
• Evaluate environmental conditions that promote children well-being when living away from their original homes and families.
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Problematic Conditions• The early social and physical environment that
the home provides for the child has a marked impact on his emotional expressions. So, valorized housing places & things become full in positive affects and constitute, subsequently a field of attachment.
• When the child is forced to move far from the parental house and to relocate to Welfare homes, does his/her environmental experience change, and does it differ from one to another type of welfare home ??
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Theoretical basis
• Construct with reference to :
–The person’s interaction with the home environment
–Attachment theory (Bowlby, 1973, 1980}
–Place attachment (bonds) (Shumaker & Taylor, 1983; Low, 1992)
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Two types of Lebanese children welfare homes
• SOS Children’s villages
• Children’s Welfare institutions
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Welfare institutions are classified into five categories
Babies0-5 years
Youth14-25 years
Children5-14 years
Delinquent persons
Elderly
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Welfare institutions environment
• 200 Housings
• 24 547 children between the ages of 0 and 14 years.
• Capacity.
• Type of activities : Collectiveness (eating, studies, recreation, sports, games)
• Living room, dining room, bedrooms, etc… are used unanimously.
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SOS Children’s Villages
• Physical Environment :
• Number – Structure• Houses’ architecture (large, very spacious,
well-designed, well-equiped and furnished)• Outside houses : gardens, playground, sports
ground, theater, workshops.
• Social Environment • Educative team (Personnel project for every
child).
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Methodological procedure
Investigation by questionnaire
Drawing of a house-Scale Evaluation-
Commentary of drawing
Observation
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Themes of Drawing’s scale
- Home hospitality- Home sadness, isolation- Self investment in the home versus
detachment- Socialization- Sense of security : feeling secure versus
unsafe- Position of drawing on paper- Etc…
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From Questionnaire & Commentary
• Eg. for checking Environmental attachment:
• Name the place where you feel comfortable and secure (favorite place).
• What does this place make you think about ?• Would you like to own the house you drew ?• Who does the house belong to ?• Which is you favorite room ?• With who would you like to live in the home?
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Eg. from elements for checking home hospitality
- A door- A chimney or the equivalent- A light- A balcony- A stairs / steps- Open or large pathway- Environment : persons, vegetation, animals- Open spaces (windows, skylight, bulls’eye).- Well designed interior (curtains, furniture)
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Types of variables
S.O.S. Villages
Welfare institutions
Female 35 % (14) 57,9 % (55)
Male 65 % (26) 42,1 % (40)
Christian 77,5 % (31) 43,2 % (41)
Muslem 22,5 % (09) 56,8 % (54)
Sample Characteristics
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Sibling of origin compositionNumbers S.O.S.
villagesWelfare institutions
0 - 2 children 22,5 %
2 – 4 children 22,5 % 20.0 %
4 – 6 children 30,0 % 22,1 %
6 – 8 children 25,0 % 22,1 %
8 – 10 children 15,8 %
10 and over 20,0 %
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Sibling members at welfare homes
Number S.O.S. Village
Welfare institutions
0 – 2 persons 43 % 67 %
2 – 4 persons 37 % 23 %
4 – 6 persons 20 % 10 %
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Reasons for parental absence
Reasons* S.O.S. Villages
Welfare institutions
Death 68 % 37 %Parental conflicts / Separation
40 % 33 %
Diseases 15 % 24 %
Other (imprisonment, kidnapping, sudden disappearance)
15 % 07 %
The most important reasons for being away from family.
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Length of residence
Residential age S.O.S. Village
Welfare institutions
2 – 4 Years 57 % 45 %
4 – 6 Years 25 % 28 %
6 Years and over 18 % 27 %
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Residential mobility
Residential mobility
S.O.S. Village
Welfare institutions
Once 67 % 39 %
Twice 28 % 50 %
Three times 5 % 11 %
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RESULTSRESULTS
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Environmental behavior is differently expressed in
each of those two housings.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Sense ofprivacy
Personalspace
Avoidanceof place
SOS Villages
Welfareinstitutions
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0102030405060708090
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Sense offreedom
Sense ofbelonging
Desire toown ahouse
Personalgadgets
SOS Villages
Welfare Institutions
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The commentary on the drawings reveals
that socialization, self investment,
satisfaction and feeling of security
are higher in Welfare institutions than in SOS villages.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Security Socialization Residentialunsatisfaction
Selfinvestment
SOSVillages
WelfareInstitutions
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Study reveals an Environmental attachment
To
- Home- Home- Places considered as home- Places considered as home- Relatives’ homes- Relatives’ homes- Home range- Home range
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Home Attachment
Attachment towards S.O.S. Villages
Welfare institutions
Local residence 30% 5%
Future home 60% 8%
Parental home 20% 70%
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Attachment to places considerd asHome
Places as home S.O.S. Villages
Welfare institutions
S.O.S or Institutions 30%
Home of origin (birth place) ***
12% 24%
Relatives’ home 12% 65%
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***Home of origin, birth place, refers to
SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
(family, friends, relatives)
POSITIVE EXPERIENCES
Personal experiencesChildhood memories
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
One’s own homeRelatives homes
Birth place
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Attachment to home range
Home range
S.O.S. Villages
Welfare institutions
1- Sports ground /playground 12% 50%
2- Water spaces : sea, lake, pool, etc…
80% 09%
3-Verdant places / greenery 02% 32%
4- Cultural places 6% 11%
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Attachment to places inside home
S.O.S. villages
Bedroom
70 %Dining room
22%
Library 13%
Other places
12%
Welfare institutions
Bedroom
17%Dining room
08%
Library 15%
Other places
14%
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Favorite places according to GENDER
BOYSBOYS
Dining room
Playground
Sports ground
Functional spaces
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GIRLS
Cultural space Relative’s houses Native place
Bedroom
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Favorite places Characteristics
»BOYS
• GIRLS
• Social activities
• Play
• Media
• Privacy / Intimacy• Isolation• Culture• Emotion and affectivity
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Unpleasant places are related to
• Functionality*
• Restrictiveness
• Unsatisfaction (Geographic conditions, fear, sadness)
• Loss of family
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The results reveal two Types of attachment
• Generic attachment (McAndrew)
• Geographic Attachment (Stokols & Shumaker)
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Generic Attachment(Based on the Environmental Qualities)
• Strong bonds with a certain characteristics which can be found in various places (water…)
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Geographic Attachment
• To have a strong bonds with a specific places (parental home…),
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Why ??? !!!
• While children are living in welfare institutions, do they express strong
bonds to family housings?
• Do they feel attached to deserted and distant places such as parents, sibling and relatives’ homes ?
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Given the perfect physical environment home in Villages,
Why do SOS children invest themselves emotionally into
imaginary places like a future home?
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SOCIAL CLIMATE
A large part of these results draw our attention to the specific role
of the SOCIAL CLIMATE
in the emergence of attachment bonds
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Frequent signs of place attachment have been the
existence of social relationships in the family home environment and
the neighborhoods.
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The results, showing that the social attachment is greater than the physical one, highlight a new
process
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Residential Social Hope
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Lacking family support and being away from the parental home,
The CHILDRENare able to develop positive relationships to their original
home (4 points)
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<<< Residential Social Hope
1 To remain connected to the family ROOTS
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<<< Residential Social Hope
2 To be assured
that the PARENTAL HOME always EXISTS
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<<< Residential Social Hope
3To live with the HOPE to RETURN definitively to the Home of origin
or to the relatives’ ones.
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<<< Residential Social Hope
4To Believe in Social
Environmental CARE and LOVE
(parents, sibling, relatives, neighborhoods)
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Thank you for your attention