1

2

3

4

s

substance

5

Everest

Field of elevations around Mount Everest

6

Bona fide mountain (tops)

Miquelon_and_Saint_Pierre_Island

7

Superficial Objects?

8

9

Lake Tahoe Land Cover

10

Foregrounding

S U B J E K T

O B J EK T

U M W E L T

A ufteilu

ngZe lle in de r A u f te ilu n g

11

David Armstrong’s Spreadsheet Ontology

x 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 6 x 7 x 8 x 9 x 1 0 x 11 x 1 2 e t c .

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 11

Pr

o p

er

t ie

s

O b j e c t s (A t o m s )

D a v id A rm stro n g 'sS p rea d sh ee t O n to lo g y

1

1 1

12

Foregrounding

S U B J E C T

O B J EC T

E N V IR O N M E N T

P a rtitio n

ce ll in th e pa rt it io n

13

KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia

PHYLUM Mollusca Chordata Chordata

CLASS Gastropoda Reptilia Mammalia

ORDER Mesogastropoda  Ornithischia Primates

FAMILY Cypraeidae Ceratopsidae Hominidae

GENUS Cypraea Triceratops Homo

SPECIES tigris horridus sapiens

Linnaean Hierarchy as Map

14

Linnaean Hierarchy as Tree

15

KINGDOM Animalia Animalia Animalia

PHYLUM Mollusca Chordata Chordata

CLASS Gastropoda Reptilia Mammalia

ORDER Mesogastropoda  Ornithischia Primates

FAMILY Cypraeidae Ceratopsidae Hominidae

GENUS Cypraea Triceratops Homo

SPECIES tigris horridus sapiens

Linnaean Hierarchy as Map

16

An Alternative Version

Second substance

man

nation

planet

Second accident

storm

walk

orbit

First substance

John

England

Earth

First accident

this storm

this walk

this orbit

Tokens

Types

Processes Objects

17

The Empty Mask (Magritte)

mama

mouse

milk

Mount Washington

18

19

Business Information System

20

Everest

Field of elevations around Mount Everest

21

22

Fields

23

Der Bevölkerung

24

Dem Deutschen Volke

25

Dem Deutschen Volke

26

Alps

27

Alps

28

Alps

29

Alps

30

Process vs. Form in Geomorphology

Microprocesses (erosion) involvingMicroforms (gravel)

Macroprocesses (flooding) involvingMacroforms (rivers)