1-2 looking inside cells organelle- a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function...
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1-2 Looking Inside Cells
Organelle- A tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell (Tiny Organs)
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Cell Wall
A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants(not Animals) Protects and supports the cell Made of cellulose (Tough yet
flexible material)
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Cell Membrane Controls which substances can enter
or leave a cell All cells have cell membranes In cells with cell walls, the membrane
lies just inside the cell wall. In all others, it forms the outside boundary that separates the cell from the outside
Lets what the cell needs in, and what it doesn’t want out, through openings (pores)
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Nucleus
A structure that contains the instructions that direct all the cell’s activities
Cell’s control center or “Brain”
Nuclear Membrane- protects the nucleus Materials pass in and out through
pores
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In the Nucleus Chromatin- Material in cells that
contains DNA and carries genetic information
Tiny strands floating in the nucleus Contain genetic information that
direct the functions of the cell
Nucleolus- Where ribosomes are made Ribosomes are where protein is made
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Parts of the Nucleus
Nuclear Membrane
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm- The region between the cell membrane and the nucleus Cytoplasm is always moving Clear, thick, gel-like fluid
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Mitochondria- Produce most of the energy needed to carry out the cell’s functions
Called the “powerhouses” of the cell Muscle cells have many of them
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)-
A maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another
Ribosomes- A small grain-like structure in the
cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made
Also found attached to ER Protein Factories
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Golgi Bodies- - Receives proteins and materials
from the ER, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell
The Cell’s Mailroom Also release materials outside
the cell
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Chloroplasts-
- Captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food
ONLY IN PLANTS These give plants their green color Green due to Chlorophyll
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Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Vacuoles- Storage area of cells Most plants have a very large
water vacuole
Lysosome- - Contain chemicals that break down
large food particles into smaller ones
CLEAN UP CREW More common in animal cells
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Bacterial Cells
Very different from plant and animal cells (much smaller)
Have cell wall and cell membrane NO NUCLEUS Contain ribosomes, but no other
organelles found in plants or animals
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Specialized Cells Cells are very different
from each other in size and structure
Each cell is designed to do it’s job in the organism