1 automation adoption and adaptation in the air traffic control, uret case study tatjana bolic
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Automation Adoption and Adaptation in Automation Adoption and Adaptation in the Air Traffic Control, the Air Traffic Control,
URET Case StudyURET Case Study
Tatjana Bolic
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Problem Statement and GoalProblem Statement and Goal
• Capacity constraint, improvements in form of Decision Support Tools (DSTs)
• Incremental development of Air Traffic Control (ATC) system in USA
• Unexpected consequences• Need to know more about adoption of automation in
ATC – to facilitate easier and faster transitions from one system to another
• Goal – to assess the automation adoption by air traffic controllers
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OutlineOutline
URET description URET diffusion Interviews with Subject Matter Experts Hypotheses Conclusions and Recommendations
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URET DescriptionURET Description
Three displays Conflict probe Trial plan Automated route amendment
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URET DescriptionURET Description
Aircraft List and Plan display – electronic flight strips
Graphic Plan display
Wind Grid display
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URET DescriptionURET Description
Usage variation:
Different teams use it in a different wayUsage differs from the intended usageUsage differs across centers
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URET DiffusionURET Diffusion
Diffusion of innovation: “is the process by which an innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system “
4 elements:Innovation - URETCommunication channels – inter personal and inter
facility FAA networksTime – length of URET usageSocial system – individual en-route facilities
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URET DiffusionURET Diffusion
Social system norms Innovation characteristics:
Relative advantageCompatibilityComplexityTrialabilityObservability
Adaptation: “the degree to which an innovation is changed or modified by a user in the process of its adoption and implementation “
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Interviews With Subject Matter Interviews With Subject Matter ExpertsExperts
Assistant Controller (D-side) duties Individual differences Center differences Airspace differences URET issues
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Interviews With Subject Matter Interviews With Subject Matter ExpertsExperts
Assistant controller (D-side) duties
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Interviews With Subject Matter Interviews With Subject Matter ExpertsExperts
Individual differences
Personal styles
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Interviews With Subject Matter Interviews With Subject Matter ExpertsExperts
Center differences
Team orientedIndividual oriented
Staffing
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Interviews With Subject Matter Interviews With Subject Matter ExpertsExperts
Airspace differences
FL 140
FL 240
FL 350
FL 350
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Interviews With Subject Matter Interviews With Subject Matter ExpertsExperts
URET Issues
False conflict alertsTraining
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HypothesesHypotheses
Hypothesis 1: The longer the controller uses URET, the more complete his use of its capabilities will be.
Time
Learning
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HypothesesHypotheses
Hypothesis 2: Quality and depth of training will affect the use of URET.
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HypothesesHypotheses
Hypothesis 3: New controllers will use all main functionalities more than the old controllers.
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HypothesesHypotheses
Hypothesis 4: Adaptation of URET use will result when controller works the sector alone, and if the controller works alone most of the time, the adaptation will be even more pronounced.
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HypothesesHypotheses Hypothesis 5: Strategic environment is
more suited for full URET use than the tactical environment.
FL 140
FL 240
FL 350
FL 350
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HypothesesHypotheses
Hypothesis 6: D-side controllers who use the full URET functionality will offer conflict resolution to their R-side controller more often than D-side controllers who don’t use the full URET functionality.
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Conclusions and Conclusions and RecommendationsRecommendations
Adoption and adaptation of automation not new – not applied in ATC
Use diffusion of innovation to investigate innovation adoption in ATC
Future work - Survey development and administration