1

Break out group 2-Technological developments Break out group 2-Technological developments and policies and measuresand policies and measures

• Issues discussed:• Hydrogen• Energy efficiency• Biomass and biofuels• Infrastructure• Nuclear• Carbon capture and storage (CCS)

• Broad discussion, beyond the availability of modelling results; qualitative discussion in final report

2

Break out group 2-Technological developments Break out group 2-Technological developments and policies and measuresand policies and measures

• Hydrogen• Impacts and net benefits of hydrogen (e.g. transport vs.

power sector)• Timing issue: 2020-2030 as a stepping stones for 2050• Highlight possibilities for hydrogen along the SEP

scenarios• Highlight possible storylines/paths for hydrogen and the

associated costs

• Energy efficiency• Elaborate more on the various components of energy

intensity (saturation, economic shifts, technology improvements, fuel mix)

• Indicate past trends• Indicate possible policies to increase efficiency

3

Break out group 2-Technological developments Break out group 2-Technological developments and policies and measuresand policies and measures

• Biomass and biofuels• Potentially the most promising alternative to current

technologies in the short and medium terms• Continuing debate on scarcity of land and competition

with food production• No obvious barriers to important international trade like

other food items

• Infrastructure• No spatial modelling, e.g. for transport or energy• Network developments issue to be addressed

qualitatively• Costs and benefits of decentralised power generation?

4

Break out group 2-Technological developments Break out group 2-Technological developments and policies and measuresand policies and measures

• Nuclear• A highly political issue, therefore requiring to run

alternative scenarios (at least 2, further decommissioning and acceleration)

• Consider all the costs and benefits along the nuclear cycle, including subsidies, hidden costs, wastes management and proliferation-terrorism

• Carbon capture and storage (CCS)• If the issues is addressed in EEA work, there is a need for

alternative scenarios, since there is no EU consensus on acceptability and desirability

5

Break out group 2-Technological developments Break out group 2-Technological developments and policies and measuresand policies and measures

• General comments• Elaborate more on the non-technical barriers, e.g. policy

and social issues. Maybe a need for a dedicated report.• Put policy options into context, e.g. decarbonising the

power sector vs. share of electricity in total GHGs emissions

• Environmental impacts of all options not only climate change, e.g. secondary effects through the whole chain

• Phasing of investment and private vs. public investments