1

Classification in Arabic History DDC in Arabic LibrariesDDC translation into ArabicMajor ModificationDifferences among libraries in

classificationsTranslation TerminologyWhat do we need?Recommendations

2

As Greece philosophers Arab philosophers have given too much attention to classification of sciences since the beginning of the Arabic and Islamic civilization.

They have translated the Greece classification of philosophy into Arabic such as translation of Aflaton in Cartyle and Aresto and others.

They also have classified human knowledge into different fields .

These categories has been used to classify books in the old Arabic libraries, as well as shelving them according to this different categories.

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Examples of Libraries Systems Kendy Yakoup ibn Ishak – Science Definition

and Divisions.El Fraby – Categories of Sciences El Safa Brothers Letters of Ikhoan El Safa Ibn SinaIbn KhaldoonEl KhoarzimiEl Nadeem – The Catalog - El Fahrest Others

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Although DDC has been developed for serving the American libraries needs, it has been used in different countries around the world as well as the Arabic libraries since the beginning of the 20th century.

It has been used in different types of libraries (National, Academic, Specialized, Public, and school libraries). 6

There are curricula for teaching DDC in all the Egyptian libraries and information departments (15 departments).

1 to 2 curricula in each department.

All these curricula focus on teaching the Arabic modifications and expansions.

The same situation appears in library departments in turkey and Iran.

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8

It has also been used as the main classification system in the national bibliographies of the following countries:

EgyptIraqTunisiaAlgeria

Arab countries bibliography compiled by ALECSO (Arab League of Education, Culture and science Organization)

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Country EgyptSaudi

ArabiaQatar Jordan Morocco total

DDC 24 6 3 5 6 46

LC 1 1 1 5 1 9

Grand Total

The 9 libraries are international universities Mainly American

Governmental universities are using DDC

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10

Country EgyptSaudi

ArabiaUAE Jordan Morocco Total

DDC 25 10 6 5 4 50

LC 0 0 0 0 0 0

All of them are using the Arabic Translations

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12

DDC as Information Discovering Tools

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Why Do We need to use classification as discovering tool?

Some RemarksCatalogors indicated that using different

versions (edition, original vs. Translated) of Dewey makes reuse of classification numbers in the copy cataloging process difficult.

Use of different editions of DDC makes it difficult to search by Dewey numbers across catalogs.

The same book might have more than one numbers in the same results.

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16

DDC has been translated into Arabic since the beginning of the 20th century.

All these translations include modifications for some parts of the main tables and branches to fulfill the requirements of the Arabic Libraries

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Language, religion, literature, and history sections are the major parts which require modifications and expansions.

First endeavor for translating and modifying DDC initiated by the Egyptian National library in 1929.

It is incomplete translation focused only on main subject.

Most of the translation initiated by individual endeavors which caused inconsistency and incompleteness.

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Different translation by individuals.

Inconsistency in the terminology of translation

Different version in the Arabic libraries which cause inconsistency for the classification of the same book.

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Author name TitleOriginal Edition

Translation Year

shaaban khalifa, Mohamed AWad

Elaidey

العشرى التصنيفللمكتبات القياسيوالعامة / المدرسية

خليفة عبدالعزيز شعبانالعايدي عوض محمد ،

Standard Dewey Classification for public

and school libraries

Compiled

EgyptCompiled

Mohamed AWad Elaidey

Decimal Classification Encyclopedia

21Egypt

2003

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Subjectmodificatio

nOrigina

lShifted

to

Ethnic table 5

Language (6)

Arab (1)

Arabic Language

(1)

American

English

2

2

Main Tables:

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Subject modification Original Shifted to

031Arabic

encyclopediaAmerican

Encyclopedia032

051Arabic Journals

American Journals 052

062Arabic Institutions and Associations

American Institutions and

Associations062

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Subject modification Original Shifted to

071Arabic Magazine and

JournalismAmerican 072

081Arabic General

CollectionAmerican 082

091.1Arabic Manuscript New Code

189.1 Islamic Philosophy New Code

210-260 Islamic Religion Christianity 270

410 Arabic Language English Language 420

509.53History of Arabic

scienceHistory of American

science509.54

810 Arabic Literature English Literature 820

Other modification in 600, 700, 900

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Original Edition Translated Edition

Book Title HARVARD LOCBibliotic

a

ARABIC UNION CATALO

G

King Fahd

EULC

شعراء تغلب في الجاهلية :أخبارهم

/ وأشعارهم892.71109

892.71109

892.71109

928.1 811.1 811.9

:أصوات الحداثةاتجاهات حداثية

في القص العربي : النصوص الكاملة لدراسات ألقيت في معهد العالم

العربي-باريس

892.7/309892.7/30

9813.009 813.809

بدر شاكر السياب وريادة التجديد في

الشعر العربي الحديث

892.71609892.7160

9892.7110

9928.1 811.1

مجازات : مقاربات نقدية في اإلبداع العربي المعاصر

892.7/09 892.7/09 - 810.09 810.99 810.9

English poets in Arabic :

892/.91509892.7/15

09- 811.9 811.9009

Original Edition Translated Edition

TitleHARVAR

DYAL

LBibalex

ARABIC

UNION

CATALOG

King Fahd

EULC

العالقات السياسية بين الدولة األموية في األندلس

والمغرب

946/.02 -909.097671

01953.071

1953.03

تحديات التاريخ و المستقبل :

تأمالت حضارية

- 956 956 -320.95

6953.9

LC Bibliotica El-BalqaaUniv.

Jordan Univ.

Abd El Aziz Fahid EULC Book Title

492.7071 492.707 418.24 418.24 418.24 418.24 418.24تعليم اللغة العربية لغير الناطقين بها

492.4 492.781 410.1 410.9 410 419 412.3 اللغة العربية كائن حي

892/.7095

892.709005 810.09 810.909 810.9962 810.99567 اضواء على االدب 810.99

الحديث

809.16 809 810.09 810.9 810.9 810.09 النقد االدبى 810.9

910.02 910.02 910.02 910.02 910.02 910.4 910.02 مبادىء الجغرافيا الطبيعية

909/.09767

909.097671 956 915.603 953 953 953.031

تاريخ الحضارة اإلسالمية والفكر

اإلسالمي

- 809.3 813.9561 813.95609 813.009 913 813.091 الرواية فى القرن العشرين

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Other Countries Modifications

Iranian ModificationThey added modification for the four major parts.They have used the DDC’s introduction, instructions

which suggest to add the initial letter of the language or the country for the purpose of expansion, e.g., the letter F for Farsi literature. Thus, 8F1 is for Farsi poetry, while 811 is for English poetry.

4F0 is used to refer to the Farsi Language in the Iran translation of DDC.

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India

35

History of South Asia and India

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Title Author Call No. Subject

Drama contemporary, India

Mee, Erin B., ed 891.12 M494D Indian drama

Tree of tongues: an anthology of modern Indian poetry.

Ramakrishnan, E.V., ed.

891.1108 R165TIndian poetry--

Collections

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Title Author Call No. Subject

Theatre experiment: an anthology of American plays.

Benedikt, Michael, comp.

812.08 B458American drama - 20th cent.

Cambridge companion to American women playwrights.

Cambridge 812.09 C178American drama-Women authors

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Turkey

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40

41

Israel ModificationThey are using 810 for American literature and 820 for

English literature.

For the Hebrew literature they used the same classification no. in the original and add special code for the Hebrew and local collections.

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43

44

45

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Translation Terminology

Arabic Translation B Arabic Translation A Class

الديانات الديانات 200

الديانات الطبيعية الالهوت الطبيعية 201

مفهوم األلوهية طبيعة االله 202

الوجود ، العلم بالله ، صفات الله الخلق 203

الخلق االيمان بالله 204

العدل اإللهي العلم و االيمان 205

العلم والدين الخير و الشر 206

الخير والشر التعبد و الصالة 207

اإلنسان )طبيعة اإلنسان ومكانه في الكون (

الجنس البشري 208

غير مخصصقياس التمثيل و التشبية)

يشمل المبادئ الدينية(209

Arabic Translation B Arabic Translation A Class

اللغات اللغة 400

نظم الكتابة علم اللغة 401

علم أصول الكلمات االشتقاق 402

المعاجم المعاجم 403

علم األصوات اللغوية وعلم تمثيل األصوات

الفنولوجيا و االصوات 404

قواعد اللغة النحو والصرف 405

غير مخصص خالي 406

علم اللهجات وعلم اللغة التاريخى

) اللسانيات التاريخية (علم اللهجات وعلم اللغة التاريخي 407

االستخدام اللغوى القياسى ) المعيارى ( علم اللغة التطبيقى )اللسانيات

التطبيقية (

االستخدام اللغوي القياسي )علم اللغة المألوفة( ، علم اللغة

التطبيقي408

لغة المشافهة القواعدية غير المنطوقة أو المكتوبة

اللغة البنائية غير المنطوقة والمكتوبة

409

Arabic Translation B Arabic Translation A Class

األدب ) اآلداب الرفيعة ( وعلم البالغة

االدب و البالغة 800

التقسيمات الموحدة

الفلسفة و النظرية 801

التقسيمات الموحدة 802

803

غير مستخدم 804

المطبوعات الدورية 805

التقسيمات الموحدة 806

807

البالغة ومجموعات النصوص األدبية من أكثر من أدبين

علم البالغة ومجموعات النصوص االدبية من اكثر

من أدب808

التاريخ ، الوصف، التقييم النقدي ألكثر من أدبين

التاريخ ، الوصف، التقييم النقدي، الكثر من أدب

809

Arabic Translation B Arabic Translation A Class

الجغرافيا والتاريخ والمعارف المساعدة

الجغرافيا، التاريخ، والمباحث الموضوعية

المساعدة900

فلسفة التاريخ ونظرياته فلسفة و نظرية التاريخ 901

متفرقات في التاريخ متفرقات في التاريخ 902

القواميس، ودوائر المعارف، والفهارس الهجائية للتاريخ

المعاجم، ودوائر المعارف، الفهارس االبجدية

903

مجموعات الوقائع االخبار المجمعة عن

االحداث904

التقسيمات الموحدة للتاريخالتقسيمات الموحدة 905

غير مستخدم 906

التعليم والبحث والموضوعات ذات الصلة بالتاريخ

التقسيمات الموحدة 907

التاريخ بالنسبة لفئات األشخاصالتاريخ فيما يتعلق بأنواع

االشخاص908

تاريخ العالم تاريخ العالم 909

Most of the modification focused on translating the

complete version except two endeavors (Fouad Ismail

and Mohamed El Aide).

Still individual effort.

Arabic Libraries uses different translations and

modification which might cause differences in the

classification of the same book in the same type of

library.

inconsistency in the translation

No Frequent update for the individual efforts.51

There is huge differences in theses translation

because each individual has a modification

philosophy .

Most of the translation and modification ignored the

relative index.

The differences among countries in the modification

philosophy.

This is against the universality of librarianship. It

even impedes the progress of IFLA's Universal

Bibliographic Control and International MARC.

It is also against the reusability and interoperability.

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A comprehensive translation for the full edition

and abridged one through an Arabic institution .

This translation should review and take into

consideration the current practice of the Arabic

libraries.

This translation should include the relative

index.

Using the standard dictionary and terminology

affiliated by the Arabic Language Academy. 53

Expansion for the DDC which eliminate the need for modification.

Single translation for the region from a professional affiliated institution.

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Thank youDr.khaledma@eun.eg