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1 Classificati Classificati on of on of organisms organisms

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Page 1: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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ClassificatioClassification of n of

organismsorganisms

Page 2: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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•There are There are 13 billion 13 billion known known species of organismsspecies of organisms

•This is This is only 5% of all only 5% of all organisms that ever organisms that ever lived!!!!!lived!!!!!

•New organismsNew organisms are still are still being found and identifiedbeing found and identified

Species of OrganismsSpecies of Organisms

Page 3: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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What is it?What is it?

ClassificationClassification is the is the arrangement of organisms arrangement of organisms into orderly into orderly groupsgroups based based on their on their similaritiessimilarities

Also called Also called taxonomytaxonomy

Page 4: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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Why classify organism?Why classify organism?

•Accurate & uniform Accurate & uniform namesnames

•Prevents Prevents misnomers misnomers (mistakes) (mistakes) (jellyfish are (jellyfish are NOT fish) NOT fish)

•Uses Uses same language same language (Latin or some Greek)(Latin or some Greek)

Sea”horseSea”horse”??”??

Page 5: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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Confusion in Using Different Confusion in Using Different Languages for NamesLanguages for Names

Page 6: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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Latin Names are Latin Names are Understood by EVERYONE!!!Understood by EVERYONE!!!

Page 7: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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The first taxonomistThe first taxonomist

•Aristotle, Aristotle, 2000 2000 years agoyears ago

•divided organisms divided organisms into into plants & animalsplants & animals

•subdivided subdivided them by them by their their habitathabitat -land, -land, sea, or airsea, or air

Page 8: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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Father of TaxonomyFather of Taxonomy

•Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus1707 – 17781707 – 1778

•18th century

•Classified organisms by their structures

•Developed the modern Developed the modern system of naming called system of naming called binomial nomenclature binomial nomenclature

((2-word 2-word naming system naming system for each species)for each species)

Page 9: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature

•Genus + species Genus + species (specific epithet) (specific epithet)

•Latin or GreekLatin or Greek

•ItalicizedItalicized in print in print

•Capitalize genusCapitalize genus, but , but NOT speciesNOT species

•UnderlineUnderline when when writingwriting

Turdus Turdus migratoriusmigratorius

American American RobinRobin

Page 10: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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Binomial NomenclatureBinomial Nomenclature

Page 11: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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So how do we group So how do we group organisms?organisms?

•TaxonTaxon ( ( taxataxa-plural) is a -plural) is a category into which related category into which related organisms are placedorganisms are placed

•There is a There is a hierarchy (order)hierarchy (order) for these groups from for these groups from broadest to most specificbroadest to most specific

Page 12: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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Hierarchy of Taxonomic Hierarchy of Taxonomic GroupsGroups

Domain (3)Kingdom (6)

Phylum (called Division for plants) Class Order Family

Genus Species

BROADEST BROADEST TAXONTAXON

Page 13: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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KKinging

PPhilliphillip

CCameame

OOverver

FForor

GGreenreen

SSoup!oup!

Page 14: 1 Classification of organisms. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all

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Taxonomy Classification of Organisms. What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy organizes organisms into groups. Taxonomy organizes organisms into groups. Species that

Speciation Defined: evolution of new species from an existing species Species: group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

1 Classification copyright cmassengale. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only_______of

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Classifying Organismstodhigh.com/.../wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Classifying_Organisms.pdf · A species is a group of organisms ... organisms by putting species together if they share

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Evolution. Definition of Evolution A change in species of organisms over time. A process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms

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1 Classification. 2 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that

Naturalizing Values: Organisms and Species; by Holmes Rolston III

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Classification. There are 13 billion known species, but … There are 13 billion known species, but … Represents only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!

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Identification of Streptococcus species, Enterococcus species and Morphologically Similar Organisms,

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1 Classification Chapter 17. 2 Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Almost 2 million species of organisms have been described Thousands

In Order for Organisms and Species to Survive, They Must

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1. 2 Classification 3 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms

1. 2 Classification of organisms 3 There are 13 billion known species of organisms There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of

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