1 colonial society on the eve of revolution: chapter 5
DESCRIPTION
3 Races Mingle America had numerous foreign groups. Germans arrived to avoid persecutions & economic oppression. They held no loyalty to the English crown. Kept to their language and customs.TRANSCRIPT
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Colonial Society on the Eve of Revolution: Chapter 5
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13 Original Colonies Characteristics
• High population.- 2.5 million people- Half a million
slaves- Natural fertility of
whites and blacks Americans
eventually outnumbered the immigrant British and the balance of power shifted.
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Races Mingle • America had
numerous foreign groups.
• Germans arrived to avoid persecutions & economic oppression.
• They held no loyalty to the English crown.
• Kept to their language and customs.
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Races Mingle• Scots-Irish left
burdensome Ireland to the frontiers of the Pennsylvania.
• They rejected Puritanism and stabled strict governments.
• Held no close ties to the royal British crown.
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Races Mingle• The mixed diversity of the colonies
led to little loyalty to England.• The largest non-English group was
African. 20% of the population. • “a strange mixture of blood, which
you will find in no other country.” - Michel-Guillaume de Crevecoeur
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Structure of Colonial Society• Colonists were
generally equal (except for slaves)
• No titled nobility dominated.
• Mostly small farmers & skilled artisans.
• Hardworking people could climb the social & economic ladder.
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Structure of Colonial Society• War brought social & economical
changes.• Merchants profited from war supplies
& moved up social ranks.• War led to a class of widows who
needed to be supported through charity.
• The prospects of the New World began to dwindle. Land became scarce.
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Structure of Colonial Society• Southern power
became disproportionate due to slave ownership.
• A gap between wealthy slave owners and “poor whites” grew.
• They became tenant farmers.
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Structure of Colonial Society• British convicts
were also shipped to America. They were not loyal to the crown & some deportees became respectable citizens.
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Structure of Colonial Society• Slaves enjoyed no
equality & could not ascend the social ladder.
• Fear of slave rebellions plagued the colonists.
• Early attempts to end transatlantic slavery failed with Great Britain.
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Clerics, Physicians & Jurists• Professional clergy men lost some
influence as colonies grew.• Physicians were usually not educated
in college but rather apprenticed with experienced doctors.
• The law profession was not favorable because it wasn’t manual labor.
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Workaday America• Agriculture was the
main industry. 90%• Middle colonies:
grain• Southern
colonies: tobacco• Northern colonies:
fishing & ship building.
• In the colonies and overseas.
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Workaday America• Triangular Trade
was profitable. • A skipper would
travel from New England to Africa to the West Indies and then again to New England trading and selling various goods.
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Workaday America• Manufacturing was
a secondary.• American
populations grew and so demand to sell their goods also grew.
• Farmers and manufacturers began to sell their goods abroad
• Molasses Act: Aimed at taxing colonial exports it also greatly cut American profits coming from the West Indies.
• Colonist avoided the tax through smuggling and bribing.
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Transportation Problems• Roads were deficient
and dangerous. • Roads were muddy
while in the summer they were dusty.
• Traveling by river was slow but pleasant.
• Taverns began to spring up along road and water trails.
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Religion: People worshiped as they pleased
• Congregationalists: New England
• Anglicans: New York and the South
• Presbyterians: Frontier
• German Churches (Lutheran): Pennsylvania
• Dutch Reformed: New York & New Jersey
• Quakers: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, & Delaware
• Baptists: Northern• Catholics: Middle• Methodists:
Scattered• Jews: Northern
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The Enlightenment • Ideas about nature
in which philosophers valued reason and scientific methods.
• Ben Franklin believed in obtaining truth through experimentation and reason.
• These ideas spread from Europe to the colonies.
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The Great Awakening
• Church participation slumped. • Jacobs Arminius began to preach
that people were not predestined to go to heaven. People could save themselves with good works.
• Church conversion also • became easier.• Colonial clergy grew• alarmed.
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The Great Awakening• A Puritan religious
revival in the 1730’s to 1740’s.
• Jonathan Edwards preached that in order for people to be saved they must feel their sinfulness and feel Gods love for them.
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Effects•Caused people to question traditional authority.
•Created an intellectual and social atmosphere that eventually led to the American Revolution.
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Colonial Education
• Schools were established to educate good Christian boys. They were strict & mostly located in the North & Middle colonies.
• The South relied on private tutors.
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Colonial Education• College
education was geared toward preparing men for the ministry.
• Enrollment was low and curriculum was loaded with theology and dead languages.
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Colonial Presses• Most colonist didn’t
own or have time to read books.
• Pamphlets, leaflets and journals became popular.
• They became popular agencies to express grievances and rally British opposition.
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Printing Press