american life & colonial society to the eve of the revolution ap chapters 4 & 5
TRANSCRIPT
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American Life & Colonial Society to the Eve of the Revolution
AP Chapters 4 & 5
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The Tobacco Economy
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Indentured Servitude Working for “Freedom Dues”
A few barrels of corn New suit of clothes Small piece of land
Headright System Pay the passage of a
laborer & get 50 acres Wealthy amassed huge
landholdings Frustrated Freedmen
Land becomes scarcer Can’t find a wife
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Bacon’s Rebellion - 1676 1,000 Freedmen… Put down an Indian
Revolt, torched Jamestown & chased Gov. William Berkeley out of town…
**Wealthy planters begin to fear large numbers of landless freedmen**
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Colonial Slavery African coastal tribes
captured and sold slaves to merchants
More than 20% would die on the “Middle Passage”…
Harsh slave codes passed…
A few slaves eventually become slaveholders themselves…
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Slave Culture Gullah
Goober Voodoo
Music & Dances Banjo Bongo Drums
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The New England Family Life expectancy – 70 years… Women marry at 20 – have
babies about every 2 years…. Strong families, grandparents
take a role… Divorce extremely rare Education important
Towns with 50+… Old Deluder Satan Laws
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Harvard, 1636
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Half-Way Covenant Population grows but
church membership declines…
Half-Way Covenant admitted to baptism (but not communion) unconverted children of existing members
Weakens strict Puritan practices
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“Praying Towns”
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Salem Witch Trials 1692
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New England Poor Soil, cold
climate …. Diversified agriculture
and industry… “Yankee Ingenuity”… “Puritan Work
Ethic”…
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Colonial Growth 1700: 20 Englishmen
per colonist… 1775: 3 Englishmen
per colonist… Largest non-English
colonial group was African – 20% of the population in 1775
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Germans (Deutsch) 6% of pop in 1775
Variety of Protestant sects (mostly Lutheran)…
Fled wars, religious oppression…
No loyalty to British
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Scots-Irish: 7% of population in 1775
Predominantly Presbyterian…
“Pugnacious, lawless, and individualistic”…
Whiskey distilling frontiersmen…
Paxton Boys… Regulators in NC… No loyalty to British
12 future presidents..
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Other Groups: 5% of population in 1775
French Huguenots Welsh Dutch Swedes Jews Irish Swiss No loyalty to British “Melting Pot”…
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Religion in the Colonies Church of England (Anglican
Church) official in: GA, SC, NC, VA, parts of NY
Congregational Church (Puritanism) official in: All of New England except RI
Roman Catholics were discriminated against…
General feeling of Religious Toleration especially in Middle Colonies…
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Great Awakening
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Jonathan Edwards Preached that
salvation could not be achieved by good works, only through God’s grace…
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
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George Whitefield Electrifying Orator Appealed to emotions Countless sinners
would “holler” and express conversion at many revival meetings…
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“Old Lights” Orthodox clergymen who
were skeptical of the emotionalism of the Great Awakening
“New Lights” Defended the Awakening
and the revitalizing of religion
Congregationalists… Began a steady decline…
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Colonial Literature & the Press
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BenjaminFranklin Poor Richard’s
Almanack Many famous
sayings: “A penny saved is a
penny earned” “Honesty is the best
policy”
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Also a first rate scientist/inventor Electricity Bifocals Franklin Stove Lightening Rod
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Zenger Trial Peter Zenger, NY
newspaper editor Critical of the Royal
Governor Defended by Alexander
Hamilton Found Not Guilty ***Establishes the
precedent of a free press
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Comparing theColonies Charter Colonies
CT & RI
Proprietary Colonies MD, PA, & DE
Royal Colonies The remaining 8