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Complejidad Dia 8

Ecología

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UBA, Junio 21, 2012.

1era parteGeneralidades de brain imagingBrain imaging for hackers

2da ParteFisica y fisiología de la señal BOLD.

Brain imaging: whole brain

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) MRI estructural (MRI) Funcional MRI (fMRI) Functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI)

Computed tomography (CT) Positron emission tomography (PET) EEG, MEG, SPECT, DTI,…etc

‣ Essential in clinical care.

‣ Radiologists perform qualitative “lightbox” reads.

‣ Most psychiatric and neurological disorders are invisible to reading radiologists.

MRI estructural

Brain volume declines with age

Marcus et al., 2007

• fMRI: where and when

(in response).

• rfMRI: at “rest”

• fcMRI: functional connectivity

Functional MRI “f MRI”

fMRI

Algo de lo que se viene enTecnologias emergentes

Amazon.com

1. Patient visits doctor. Doctor orders fcMRI.

2. fcMRI brain scan.

3. Quantitative analysis 4. Doctor

receives report.

5. Doctor makes dx. and plans treatment.

Quantitative report provides diagnostic measures, guides treatment, assesses response.

Tecnologias Emergentes: quantitative neuroradiology India,

Rafaela, Los Angeles

Tecnologias Emergentes: digital lab “on the clouds”

Input: Raw MRI scans

Output: Quantitative

reports

Amazon.comhttp://aws.amazon.com/ec2/

Aun mas:Tecnologias Emergentes: Patient-driven care

Microsoft HealthVault

Google Health (prototype)

Otro ejemplo:Tecnologias Emergentes: patient-driven care

Habrá algo, alguna vez, realmente nuevo?

Veber den Kreislauf des Blutes in Menschlichen Gehirn (Concerning the circulation of the blood in the human brain) Verlag von Viet & Company: Leipzig, 1881

La primera coneccion entre flujo sanguineo y actividad mental

Angelo Mosso

Inventor del primer ergografo para medir la fuerza muscular

Resting quietly

Forearm

Brain

Arrow: room clock strikes 12 noon and of church bells heard

Brain

Forearm

Arrow: Mosso asked Bertino if the Ave Maria should have been said

Brain

Forearm

“What is 8 x 12?” ω: response

Brain

Forearm

Monday noon, September 23, 1878

From: Angelo Mosso (1881)

Brain imaging for hackers*

Get yourself some brain images Get yourself some brain analysis tools Discover something, invent something

*From : Daniel Marcus, PhDDirector, Neuroinformatics Research Group @ Washington University School of Medicine

Get your own brain scanned

Buy a scanner and install it in your basement

Get your own brain scanned

Buy a scanner and install it in your basement Inflict severe brain injury

Get your own brain scanned

Buy a scanner and install it in your basement Inflict severe brain injury Volunteer for a study

Contact local research centers Ask for your scans (“I’ve brought a blank CD with

me. Will you please copy the DICOM files of my scans onto it?”)

Use open access data

Neuron: Neuron Database @ Yale Sense Lab Gene expression: Allen Brain Atlas Structural MRI: Open Access Structural Imaging Series

(OASIS), mBIRN Data Repository Functional MRI: fMRI Data Center, fBIRN Data

Repository Functional connectivity MRI: Brainscape

oasis-brains.org

brainscape.org

Neuron Network Whole brain

GenesisNeuron

Slicer, Caret, AFNI, Freesurfer, SPM, FSL, ImageJ

Get yourself some tools

See also NITRC (http://www.nitrc.org/)

Some unsolved problems

Automated brain extraction How many networks are in the brain Methods for distinguishing differences between populations Predicting disease and aptitude Data sharing Individual differences in performance (“gifted”, “savant”) Neuroethics “Deidentifying” images Bridging the spatial divide Security and privacy Data mining

Start hacking.