1 copyright and internet: an introduction bart beuving may 26, 2009
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
Copyright and Internet: an introduction
Bart Beuving
May 26, 2009
![Page 2: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
PLEASE INTERRUPT ME !
(with more or less relevant questions)
![Page 3: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
General outline
I Copyright
II Copyright and internet
III Copyright, internet and Digital Rights Management
![Page 4: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
4
I -- Copyright
![Page 5: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
5
Intellectual property domains
technology
commerce
culture
patent law
trademark law
copyright law
![Page 6: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
(Elwood)
![Page 7: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
7
But we are discussing copyright today, so..
![Page 8: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
8
International treaties
The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and
Artistic Works (1886/1967)
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual
Property Rights (1994) TRIPS
The WIPO Copyright Treaty (1996)
National law
![Page 9: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
9
EC Directives
91/250/EEC on the protection of computer programs
92/100/EEC on rental and lending rights
93/83/EEC on satellite broadcasting and cable retransmission
93/98/EEC harmonizing the term of protection
2001/29/EC on copyright in the information society
2001/84/EC on the resale right as to art works
![Page 10: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
Subject matter of protection
![Page 11: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
![Page 12: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
![Page 13: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfoviQ5iz1o
![Page 14: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
Literay and artistic works
books, writings, plays
musical compositions
choreography
drawings, paintings
sculptures, architecture
cinematographic works
photography
![Page 15: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Art. 2(1) of the Berne Convention
‘The expression ‘literary and artistic works’ shall include every production in the literary, scientific and artistic domain, whatever may be the mode or form of its expression, such as
books, pamphlets and other writings;
lectures, addresses, sermons and other works of the same nature;
dramatic and dramatico-musical works;…
![Page 16: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
choreographic works and entertainments in dumb show;
musical compositions with or without words;
cinematographic works to which are assimilated works expressed by a process analogous to cinematography;
works of drawing, painting, architecture, sculpture, engraving and lithography;…
![Page 17: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
photographic works to which are assimilated works
expressed by a process analogous to photography;
works of applied art;…
illustrations, maps, plans, sketches and three-
dimensional works relative to geography, topography,
architecture or science.
![Page 18: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
(in the Netherlands)
A product is copyrighted in the Netherlands if there is an expression that ´has its own original character and bears the personal stamp of the author´.
In other words: a work must be somewhat original.
Beautiful or ugly, good or bad, little effort or years of work: irrelevant!
![Page 19: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
? - 1
![Page 20: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
? – 2 Software
![Page 21: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
The design (functionalities)
The Source code
![Page 22: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
22
Art. 4 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty
‘Computer programs are protected as literary works within the meaning of Article 2 of the Berne Convention. Such protection applies to computer programs, whatever may be the mode or form of their expression.’
![Page 23: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
? – 3 Alterations
![Page 24: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
24
? – 4 Derivative works
Marcel Duchamp
The Mona Lisa With a Moustache
![Page 25: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
Specific rules (2(3) BC
‘Translations, adaptations, arrangements of music and
other alterations of a literary or artistic work shall be
protected as original works without prejudice to the
copyright in the original work.’
copyright 1: original work
copyright 2: altered version
(remember the music)
![Page 26: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
26
? – 5 Conversations
![Page 27: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
Exclusion from protection
no protection unless fixed in some material form (art.
2(2) BC: optional)
official texts of a legislative, administrative and legal
nature, and official translations of such texts (art. 2(4)
BC: optional)
news of the day and miscellaneous facts having the
character of mere items of press information (art. 2(8)
BC: mandatory)
![Page 28: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
28
Copyright: why??!
![Page 29: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
Incentive for the creation of works
Stimulation of creativity and investment
Enhanced possibility of amortization
‘Natural’ period of market exclusivity
_________(only) the advantage of being first in the market)
‘Extended’ period of market exclusivity
__________________________________________
![Page 30: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
30
Reward for creative work
Feelings of rightness and justice
Rights of the author inherent in the ‘very nature of things’
Exclusive possibility of exploiration
![Page 31: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
31
Engine of freedom of expression
Contribution to the independence of authors
Limiting the influence of patronage
Exclusion of censorship
![Page 32: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
32
In other words …
It just ain’ t right…
![Page 33: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
33
Author, what do you get? (minimum rights)
Two branches of rights:
Exploration rights - General right of reproduction (art. 9 (2) BC)- General right of communication to the public (art 8 WCT)
Moral rights - Claim authorship- Object to any distortion, mutilation, modification or other
derogatory action (art. 6bis BC)
![Page 34: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
34
In more ‘digital words’…
(European Copyright Directive)
Exclusive right to reproduce (art. 2)
Exclusive right to make available to the public (art. 3)
Exclusive right to distribute (art. 4)
![Page 35: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
The copyright balance
Some limitations
What about ideas?
Idea/expression dichotomy: copyright only protects the individual way of expressing ideas, not ideas as such (art. 2 WTC)
What about the term of protection?
Must be limited! (a.o. art. 7, 7 bis BC)
However…. What limitation in time do we know?
life of the author + 50 years (art. 7 BC) ….
Life of the author + 70 years (EU)
Life of the author + 70 years or 95 or even 120 years ! (USA)
The mickey mouse copyright act
![Page 36: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
Copyright, how do you get it?!
![Page 37: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
II Copyright and the internet: what about …
Main rule: online, the same rules apply
Meaning…??
Hyperlinks?- A surface (=‘regular’) link- Deeplink?- Framed link?
![Page 38: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
38
Kranten.com (newspapers.com)
![Page 39: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
39
![Page 40: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
40
Downloading?
Uploading?
![Page 41: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
Torrents
Torrent is a small file (around few kilobytes) with the suffix .torrent, which contains all the information needed to download a file the torrent was made for. That means it contains file names, their sizes, where to download from and so on. You can get torrents for almost anything on lots of web sites and torrent search engines.
Copyright infringement?
![Page 42: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
42
Copyright on a website
The main question: who is responsible?
![Page 43: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
43
An example
![Page 44: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
44
An Example, classified advertising website
![Page 45: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
45
Duty of care? - Is the site aware of the problem?- What part is played by website owner? - Notice and takedown-procedure?
Which party has to incur costs? Preventive scanning / Supervision? (considerable costs)Providing names unlawfully acting persons?Obliged to collect names?
![Page 46: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
46
A different perspective (?)
Free Culture – Lawrence Lessig
![Page 47: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
47
Creative Commons, use of internet
![Page 48: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
48
![Page 49: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
49
![Page 50: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
50
![Page 51: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
51
![Page 52: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
52
![Page 53: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
53
Credits:Cartoon concept en design: Neeru Paharia | Originele illustraties: Ryan JunellPhotos: Matt Haughey | Vertaling: Michiel de Lange | Opmaak: Geert Wissink
Op dit stripverhaal is een Creative Commons Licentie van toepassing
![Page 54: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
54
Does it work? Yes, it does.
![Page 55: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
55
III Copyright, internet and DRM
![Page 56: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
56
Digitalisering en auteursrecht: grote voordelen
Digital (potential) great possibilities for producers distribution / long tail – Chris Anderson)
![Page 57: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
57
Digitize and copyright: in practice
The Cut and Paste-problem (copyright is flushed out)
Solutions (?):- Hearts and minds- Technics DRM: what may a user do with a work?- Legal weaponry
![Page 58: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
58
A. Hearts and minds
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOBroA2NPNY
![Page 59: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
59
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS-PemhvXHc http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf9T_Hppqjk
![Page 60: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
60
B. Technics: DRM
TTPCertificatsMetadata als a waterbrand Encryption…
What, who, where, how many times
“The answer to the machine is in the machine”
![Page 61: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
61
Who are not happy with DRM
Consumers …
… but also hardware-producers
![Page 62: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
62
![Page 63: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
63
![Page 64: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
64
![Page 65: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
65
![Page 66: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
66
pro DRM
Protection rightholder
Stimulating (digital) economy (that’s where IP rights are for, remember?)
Enables various (free) price fixing (‘lite’)
Ties the consumer to the provider
….
![Page 67: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
67
C. Legal measures in order to enable effective DRM
Digital Rights Management (Digital Restriction Management)
Copyright Directive (art. 6)
“adequate legal protection against the circumvention of any effective technological measures, which the person concerned carries out in the knowledge, or with reasonable grounds to know, that he or she is pursuing that objective”
"technological measures" means any technology, device or component that, in the normal course of its operation, is designed to prevent or restrict acts, in respect of works or other subject-matter, which are not authorised by the rightholder of any copyright or any right related to copyright as provided for by law or the sui generis right provided for in Chapter III of Directive 96/9/EC.
![Page 68: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
68
Copyright vs DRM - limitations
(European Copyright Directive)
Exclusive right to reproduce (art. 2)
Exclusive right to make available to the public (art. 3)
Exclusive right to distribute (art. 4)
Limitations- In time- Not protected by a copyright- Education exception- Caching exception- ‘Right’ to quote- Press exception
Circumvention technology vs limitations
![Page 69: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
69
The end of DRM?
![Page 70: 1 Copyright and Internet: an introduction Bart Beuving May 26, 2009](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032600/56649dbc5503460f94aadd8a/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
70
Questions?
Bird & Bird is an international legal practice comprising Bird & Bird LLP and its affiliated businesses. www.twobirds.com
+31 (0)70 – 353 88 25