1 drug abuse recovery tools: maps, games, and mind play don dansereau psychology department texas...
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DRUG ABUSE RECOVERY TOOLS: Maps, Games, and Mind Play
Don DansereauPsychology Department
Texas Christian University
December, 2002University of Texas
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DONProfessor of Psychology
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Enjoys:• Master’s Track & Field• Golf• Fishing/Hiking• Photography• Grandchildren
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Born in Long Beach, CA
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Focusedon
cognitive psychology
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Co
M.S.&
Ph.D.
Co
High school & B.S. in industrial
engineering
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Grade SchoolCo
Teaches:• Statistics• Cognition• Learning strategies
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PrincipalInvestigator,NIDA Grant
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Rhode Island
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Buffalo, NY
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Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburgh, PA
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Texas Christian University
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?N
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Cognitive Enhancement Funding History
Drug Abuse Treatment And Research (DATAR I,D. Dwayne Simpson – PrincipleInvestigator)
Cognitive Enhancements forthe Treatment of Probationers(CETOP I, Don Dansereau –Principle Investigator)
DATAR II
CETOP II
DATAR III
1989-1995
1994-2000
1995-2002
2000-present
1999-present
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SufficientRetention
Early Engagement
Early Recovery
Posttreatment
Drug Use
Crime
SocialRelations
ProgramParticipation
TherapeuticRelationship
BehavioralChange
Psycho-SocialChange
ClientAttributesat Intake
Motive
CognitiveStrategies
BehavioralStrategies
Social SkillsTraining
Family &Friends
SupportiveNetworks
ReadinessTraining
Personal Health Services
Social Support Services
ProgramCharacteristics
StaffAttributes& Skills
TCU DRUG ABUSE RECOVERY TOOLS (DART)
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Enhanced Readiness Enhanced Counseling Special Topics Will Core(Motivation) Skill (Personal Resources) Session Support Counseling ● Downward Cognitive Awareness and Control ● Micro Modules ● Free Maps ● 12 Step Manual Spiral ○ Sudden Strengths ● Guide Maps ● Parenting
- Logical Thinking -Self Awareness/ ○ Rafting/Mind Play ● Information ● Time Out for me ● Map Magic Self Control ○ Flash Mapping Maps ● Time Out for men ● Skills booklets ● Under Construction ● Straight Ahead #2,5, and 8 ● Skills Booklet #7
-Creativity -Social Awareness/ ● Thought Communication
Team ● Viewpoint game ● Skills booklet #6
-Memory ● Skills Booklets -Emotional Control #3 and 4 ● Inward Bound
● Skills Booklet #9
Figure 3 TCU DRUG ABUSE RECOVERY TOOLS
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Organizational DynamicsOrganizational Dynamics
Institutional & Institutional & Personal ReadinessPersonal Readiness
Stages of TransferStages of Transfer
ProgramProgramImprove-Improve-
mentment
1-1-ExposureExposure ((TrainingTraining))
• LectureLecture• Self StudySelf Study• WorkshopWorkshop• ConsultantConsultant
ProgramProgramChangeChange
InstitutionalInstitutionalSupportsSupports
2-2-AdoptionAdoption(Leadership decision)(Leadership decision)
4-4-PracticePractice(Routine use)(Routine use)
3-3-ImplementationImplementation(Exploratory use)(Exploratory use)
ResourcesResourcesMotivationMotivation
ClimateClimatefor Changefor Change
StaffStaffAttributesAttributes
ReceptionReception& Utility& Utility
Time & Time & PlacePlace
StaffStaff
Characteristics of the TCUDrug Abuse RecoveryTools
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Theory Based Evidence Based Pragmatically Based
Flexible EngagingEasy To Learnand Use
• Comprehensive content based on Simpson’s process model
• Design characteristics based on Simpson’s technology transfer model
• Demonstrated effectiveness in a variety of settings
• Numerous published reports of effectiveness
• Modular, all components can be used independently
• Open to counselor development & tailoring
• Can be used in a variety of settings (e.g., large & small groups, CJ, and community programs
• Can be used independently by clients (e.g., homework)
• Heavy use of games & “hands on” activities • Humor & popular culture integrated into many components
• Involving, counter- intuitive demonstrations used to initiate & maintain interest
• 2 hour workshops are sufficient for most components • Can be easily integrated into most settings • Descriptions & instruction are presented in a “user friendly” style
CHARACTERISTICS OF THETCU DRUG ABUSE RECOVERY TOOLS
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Enhanced Readiness Enhanced Counseling Special Topics Will Core(Motivation) Skill (Personal Resources) Session Support Counseling ● Downward Cognitive Awareness and Control ● Micro Modules ● Free Maps ● 12 Step Manual Spiral ○ Sudden Strengths ● Guide Maps ● Parenting
- Logical Thinking -Self Awareness/ ○ Rafting/Mind Play ● Information ● Time Out for me ● Map Magic Self Control ○ Flash Mapping Maps ● Time Out for men ● Skills booklets ● Under Construction ● Straight Ahead #2,5, and 8 ● Skills Booklet #7
-Creativity -Social Awareness/ ● Thought Communication
Team ● Viewpoint game ● Skills booklet #6
-Memory ● Skills Booklets -Emotional Control #3 and 4 ● Inward Bound
● Skills Booklet #9
TCU DRUG ABUSE RECOVERY TOOLS
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Research Approach
We systematically create, introduce, and evaluate new induction techniques for drug abuse treatment within the criminal justice system
Evaluation
Development of New Induction
Techniques
• Collaboration with treatment providers (e.g., counselors, administrators)
• Examination of the treatment literature
Modification of techniques based on evaluation
• Psychometrically sound evaluation system
• Random assignment to treatment or standard groups
• Sufficiently large data bases
• Powerful statistical methods to examine our manipulations
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Confidence
Knowledge
Resources
If I getinvolved in treatment, can I stick with it?
And will it work?
Confidence
Knowledge
Resources
If I makethe change will I be able to handle it? And will it
be good?
Steps to ReadinessEnhancing Steps to Readiness: 2 Examples
Yes! Yes!
Thinking About Whether or not to Change
Deep Readiness for Change
Thinking About the Process of Change (Treatment)DOWNWARD
SPIRAL
UNDERCONSTRUCTION
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
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• Under Construction is a strengths and quotes selection activity in which clients apply these to problem situations
Under Construction
• It has been shown to calibrate appropriate levels of self-esteem, to improve mood, and maintain arousal
(Sia, Czuchry, & Dansereau, 1999)
DownwardSpiral
• Downward Spiral is sole-survivor type of game in which clients see how continued drug use affects their life
• Backed by research that supports its effectiveness
(Czuchry & Dansereau, 2000; Sia, Dansereau, & Czuchry, 2000; Czuchry, Sia, & Dansereau, 1999)
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• Downward Spiral is a board game like Monopoly
• Players roll the dice and land on a square (each has its own symbol/color)• Cards (with matching symbol/color) are read to players
• Players mark points lost on score sheet
Playing downward
spiral
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Your kids are caught using drugs at school and they say they got the drugs from you.
Lose 5 Family pts.
Serious involvement with drugs is related to whether other family members are also drug users.
Fact
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Downward Spiral Personal Assets Score Sheet
Jail
Health
Thinking/ Judgment
Physical
Emotions/ Sanity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Self-concept
Self-Confidence
Personal Accomplishment
Personal Satisfaction
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Social Support
Friends
Family
Significant Other
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Personal Assets worth
car
computer
TV/VCR
stereo
Compact disks
camera
jewelry
$5,000
$1,000
$200
$200
$200
$60
$150
Keep trackof score
on personalassets score
sheet
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Social Support
SignificantOther
Family
Friends
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Your kids are caught using drugs at school and they say they got the drugs from you.
Fact
Serious involvement with drugs is related to whether other family members are also drug users.
Lose 5 Family pts.
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Downward Spiral Personal Assets Score Sheet
Jail
Health
Thinking/ Judgment
Physical
Emotions/ Sanity
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Self-concept
Self-Confidence
Personal Accomplishment
Personal Satisfaction
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Social Support
Friends
Family
Significant Other
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Personal Assets worth
car
computer
TV/VCR
stereo
Compact disks
camera
jewelry
$5,000
$1,000
$200
$200
$200
$60
$150
Health
SocialSupport
SelfConcept
Financial
Legal
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Downward Spiral Squares
Health Recovery
Social Support
Self-Concept
Financial/LegalChance Square
Death
Safe Squares
Transports You
Opportunity
Money
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downwardspiral
Game summary
• Start the game with $200• Each Roll a die to see who rolls first
• Roll 3 dice and move the total number of spaces indicated• Select the card that matches the square and read it to the group
• follow the instructions on the game card• Keep track of what occurs on your score sheet
You Lose if:• You Die by losing all of your health points• You die by landing on a death square• you go to jail 4 times
• you recover by landing on the recovery square• You outlast other players
• your opponents select you as the winner
You Win if:
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Three Major Components
1. Tower of StrengthsCalibrating self-esteem through a personal inventory of actual and desired strengths
2. Building Blocks Using Quotes for inspiration and motivation
3. Putting it all Together
Personal problem solving using strengths and quotes
Under Construction
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Then select 5 strengthsyou desire and writethem in these boxes
PARTS OF YOU
Write down how many strengths of each type you desire. S = T = H = 1 E = M = L =
Write down how many actual strengths of each type you have. S = T = H = E = M = L =
DESIRED STRENGTHS
FOUNDATION OF ACTUAL STRENGTHS
Select 10 strengthsyou currently have fromstrength cards, and write them in the boxes
Athletic H
Friendly S
Athletic H
Friendly S
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Mistakes are a fact of life.It is the response that counts.Nikki Giovanni (born 1943)
U.S. Poet
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Use Quotes as “Building Blocks” to help you achieve your Desired Strengths
BUILDING BLOCKS
Ideas For Achieving Desired Strengths
Do not bite at the bait ofpleasure,
till you know there is nohook beneath it.
Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)U.S. President
The giving is the hardest part.What does it cost to add a smile?Jean De La Bruyere (1645-96)
French Writer
A journey of a thousand milesmust begin with a single step.
Lao Tzu (6th Century)
Friendly S
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PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Picture How
Picture How
Picture How
able to expressfeelings
PersistentDeterminedWilling to take a stand
Dealing with the stressfrom my Dad!!
The supreme happiness of lifeis the conviction we
are loved!!
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Rationale
Targeted Skills
Learning to switch perspectives is a difficult cognitiveskill
The Viewpoint Game makes learning cognitive skills interesting and approachable
Enhanced Communication
Perspective Taking/Shifting Skills
Enhanced Emotional Control
Improved Cooperation (practice giving and receiving helpful advice)
Playing the game requires communicating and cooperating effectively
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AdaptableQuotePerson
Strength
I wish I was more Spiritual
I wish I had more
confidencein myself1. Players select 2 problems from Problem Deck
I wish I had more
confidencein myself
I wish I was more Spiritual
2. Players select 5 New View cards
Martin Luther King, Jr.
PersonAdaptable
Strength
Picture
A journey of a thousand miles
must begin with a single step.
Lao Tzu (6th Century)
Quote
3. Players try to apply New View cards to any of the problems
Picture“I think a key could apply to your spirituality. Maybe by unlocking or opening yourself to new ideas, you will allow yourself to be more spiritual.”
4. Players receive one bead from each player who felt the advice was actually helpful
5. There are multiple winners
Most Beads Overall
Most Blue Beads(focused on own problems)
Most Green Beads(focused on other’s problems)
Most Clear Beads(Most Cooperative with others)
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Enhanced Readiness Enhanced Counseling Special Topics Will Core(Motivation) Skill (Personal Resources) Session Support Counseling ● Downward Cognitive Awareness and Control ● Micro Modules ● Free Maps ● 12 Step Manual Spiral ○ Sudden Strengths ● Guide Maps ● Parenting
- Logical Thinking -Self Awareness/ ○ Rafting/Mind Play ● Information ● Time Out for me ● Map Magic Self Control ○ Flash Mapping Maps ● Time Out for men ● Skills booklets ● Under Construction ● Straight Ahead #2,5, and 8 ● Skills Booklet #7
-Creativity -Social Awareness/ ● Thought Communication
Team ● Viewpoint game ● Skills booklet #6
-Memory ● Skills Booklets -Emotional Control #3 and 4 ● Inward Bound
● Skills Booklet #9
TCU DRUG ABUSE RECOVERY TOOLS
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• RAFTing is a Relaxation And Focusing technique
• Research suggests it reduces cravings, heightens mental clarity, reduces blood pressure, pain, and much more.
(Benson, 2000)
• Mind Play is an activity designed to heighten appreciation for mental imagery and to explore its application to life situations • We are just beginning to examine its effectiveness
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RAFTing
Why do it?What is it? How do you do it?
Rafting is a technique that uses relaxation and a mental focus to gain emotional control and to harness your mental capabilities.
RAFT stands for:Relax and Focus
Technique
“Because, Everyone Cool Does!!”
Actually, Olympic athletes, Tiger Woods, businessmen and women, and others all use the technique to improve their lives and their performance.
1. Find a quiet and comfortable location.
2. Allow your muscles to relax.
3. Focus on your breaths going in and out, or repeat a word, phrase, or focus on an object.
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Mind Play
Why do it?What is it? How do you do it?
Mind play is using “Mental Pictures” or imagery to unlock your creative and forward thinking potentials.
It lets you practice for important events in your mind.
EXAMPLES:
Improvement on skills such as free throws, dart throwing, and spiking in volleyball.
1. RAFT
2. Choose a topic for your Mind Play
3. Get a clear mental picture of what will happen
4. See yourself succeed.
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Rationale Behind Node-Link Mapping
• Counseling involves helping clients understand and manage their personal problems and issues.
• Cognitive psychologists have determined that the critical step is defining and representing the problem.• Visual representations are recommended (“A picture is worth a thousand words”).
• There is limited use of visuals in counseling (no general purpose system available).
• TCU node-link mapping system may be the answer.
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Main “Parts” of Node-Link Maps
• A node, which is just an idea captured in a box, circle, or other shape
For Example:
• Links (named or not) which show the relationship between nodes
For Example:EX
Blockbuster Movie
Blockbuster Movie
Titanic
“An Example of a Blockbuster Movie is Titanic”
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Node-LinkMapping
TT
Knowledge Maps Free Mapping Guide Maps
T
ExpertProduced Structured
ConveyInformation
Represent & ExplorePersonal Issues
Represent & ExplorePersonal Issues
JointlyProduced Spontaneous Structured/
Free
FrameworkProvided by
ExpertC
C C C CC C
CC
LegendT = TypeC = Characteristic
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NODE-LINKMAPS
Good Communication
Compatible with Human Memory Easy to Navigate
Easy to Illustrate CyclesLess Word Clutter
CC
CC
L
Knowledge Map
LegendC = Characteristic L = Leads To
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Dealing With Relapse
“Finally accept thefact that I may
need help.”
Hit rock bottom
Realize youmay be weak
DenialPut blameon others
Hurtingothers
Positive thoughts
Desire tobe clean
P
PP
P
L
L
Ex
P
Free Mapping
LegendP = PartL = Leads ToEX = Example
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Your Goal
1
Why do you wantto reach this goal?
What support doyou have to reachthis goal?
What steps should you take?
1.
2.
3.
4.
2 3
4
5 6
Problems you might encounter? Ways of dealing with the problems?
C
CC
CP
Find an AA sponsor
I want to be ableto stay cleanI want to be a goodparent
My higher powerMy parentsMy kids
Go to several localAA meetingsSelect the one Ifeel the most comfortable atTalk to some members
Just ask one!!
May be too nervous to askTransportation may be a problem
Remind myself how important this is to doI could take the bus, or walk
LegendP = PartC = Characteristic
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The Set of Link Types
Actions
Influences
Leads to
Next
Descriptions
Characteristic
Part
Type
IllustrationsAnalogy
Comment
Example
Name Symbol
I
L
N
C
P
T
A
Co
Ex
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USE OF MAPS IN A COUNSELING SESSION
• Focus attention on the topic at hand
• Easy reference to past discussions
• Way of getting off “dead center” – Link types provide ready-made questions to ask
• Provide a workspace for exploring possible changes and corrective actions
• Memory aid for client and counselor
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Counseling
Session
New Ideas
Memory
Communication
FocusC
C
C
C
Important Features of a Counseling Session That Mapping Improves
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Communication
PP
Helps Clients withDifferent Ethnic
Backgrounds
• Dansereau, Joe, Dees,& Simpson, 1996
• Blankenship, Dees, & Dansereau, 1997
(conference presentation)
Helps Clients withLess Education
• Pitre, Dansereau, & Joe,1996
Client Perceptions of Communication
Ability
• Newbern, Dansereau,& Pitre, 1999
P
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Focus
Helps ClientsWith Attentional
Problems
EnhancesGroup Counseling/
On Task Performance
• Czuchry, Dansereau, Dees,& Simpson, 1995
• Dansereau, Joe, & Simpson,1995
• Joe, Dansereau, & Simpson,1994
• Dansereau, Dees, Greener,& Simpson, 1995
• Dansereau, Joe, & Simpson,1993
• Knight, D., Dansereau, Joe,& Simpson, 1994
PP
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Idea Producing
Greater Breadth
Greater Depth
•Collier, Czuchry,Dansereau, & Pitre,
2001•Dansereau, Dees,Greener, & Simpson,1995
•Newbern, Dansereau,& Dees, 1997
Insights
Identify Gaps
Uncover Psychological
Issues
PP
PP
LL
• Czuchry & Dansereau,1999
• Dansereau, Joe, &Simpson, 1993
• Dansereau, Joe, &Simpson, 1993
• Pitre, Dansereau,& Simpson, 1997
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MoreMemorable
Educational Settings Treatment Settings
P P
N
• Holley & Dansereau, 1984
• Rewey, Dansereau, Skaggs,Hall, & Pitre, 1989
• Rewey, Dansereau, &Peel, 1991
• Knight, Boatler, & Simpson,1991
• Knight, K., Simpson, &Dansereau, 1994
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Therapeutic Alliance
Increased ClientRapport
• Dansereau, Joe, & Simpson, 1993
• Dansereau, Joe, & Simpson, 1996
• Dansereau, Joe, Dees, & Simpson, 1996
Stronger Alliance
• Simpson, Joe, Rowan-Szal, &Greener, 1997
PP
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During TreatmentSelf Assessments
• Pitre, Dees, Dansereau,& Simpson, 1997
• Dansereau, Joe, & Simpson, 1993• Dansereau, Joe, & Simpson, 1995• Dansereau, Joe, Dees, & Simpson, 1996• Joe, Dansereau, Simpson, 1994
Pitre, Dansereau, Newbern,& Simpson, 1997Newbern, Dansereau, &Pitre, 1999
Blankenship, Dees, & Dansereau, 1997Newbern, Dansereau, &Pitre, 1999
Czuchry, Dansereau, Dees,& Simpson, 1995Knight, D., Dansereau, Joe,& Simpson, 1994Pitre, Dansereau, Newbern,& Simpson, 1997
Self Confidence Self Efficacy
Therapeutic Progress
ProblemSolving
Positive AffectiveResponses
P P
PP
P
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During TreatmentBehavioral Indicators
Czuchry, Dansereau, Dees,& Simpson, 1995
Dansereau, Joe, Dees, & Simpson, 1996
Dansereau, Joe, & Simpson, 1993
Joe, Dansereau, & Simpson, 1994
Miss FewerSessions
Less Urines Positivefor Opiates or Cocaine
Czuchry, Dansereau, Dees,& Simpson, 1995
Dansereau, Joe, & Simpson, 1995
Dees, Dansereau, Simpson, 1997
P P
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Post TreatmentBehavioral Indicators
Less Opiate Use Less Needle Use Less Criminal Activity
PP
P
• Pitre, Dansereau, & Joe, 1996
• Joe, Dansereau, &Simpson, 1997
• Pitre, Dansereau, & Joe, 1996
• Joe, Dansereau, &Simpson, 1997
• Pitre, Dansereau, & Joe, 1996
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Enhanced Readiness Enhanced Counseling Special Topics Will Core(Motivation) Skill (Personal Resources) Session Support Counseling ● Downward Cognitive Awareness and Control ● Micro Modules ● Free Maps ● 12 Step Manual Spiral ○ Sudden Strengths ● Guide Maps ● Parenting
- Logical Thinking -Self Awareness/ ○ Rafting/Mind Play ● Information ● Time Out for me ● Map Magic Self Control ○ Flash Mapping Maps ● Time Out for men ● Skills booklets ● Under Construction ● Straight Ahead #2,5, and 8 ● Skills Booklet #7
-Creativity -Social Awareness/ ● Thought Communication
Team ● Viewpoint game ● Skills booklet #6
-Memory ● Skills Booklets -Emotional Control #3 and 4 ● Inward Bound
● Skills Booklet #9
TCU DRUG ABUSE RECOVERY TOOLS