1 early british colonies chapter 1 section 3. 2 john smith joined virginia company group of...
TRANSCRIPT
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John Smith
Joined Virginia Company
Group of merchants who intended to start a colony in North America
Landed near Chesapeake Bay in 1607
Built a fort to protect the first English settlement in North America, Jamestown
See p. 22
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Problems from the Beginning
Funding Unlike Spanish
colonies, which were funded by the Spanish rulers, English colonies were funded by joint-stock companies, who invested money to support a colony hoping to make a profit
Expected a quick return
Colonists neglected farming in hopes of finding gold or silver to satisfy the investors
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Problems from the Beginning
Consequences: Famine Diseases from drinking
contaminated water
John Smith was able to hold the colony together
Forced the colonists to farm
Formed relations with the Powhatan peoples, who helped support the colony
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Pocahontas
Only 10-12 years old at the time
Captain Smith claimed she saved his life by throwing herself onto him to save him from a beating
Unclear whether Smith was actually going to be beaten
Married John Rolfe No romantic
relationship with John Smith
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Tobacco
Eventually, the colonists learned to grow tobacco
Became a very profitable export
Needed field laborers Indentured servants
Received passage to America, food, and shelter upon arrival in exchange for 4-7 years worth of labor
Mostly from England’s lower class
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Clashes with Native Americans
Desire for more and more land led to conflict with the Native Americans
Unlike the Spanish, the English conquest over the native peoples was total and complete
They did not intermarry Colonists living on the
outskirts of the colonies constantly fought with Native Americans
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New EnglandPilgrims
A group of Puritans, known as Separatists because they wanted to separate themselves from the English church
Came to North America on the Mayflower
Founded Plymouth Colony in 1620, the second permanent English colony in North America
The Mayflower Compact Outlined the government to be
used in the colony Important landmark in the
development of American democracy
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New England
Massachusetts Bay Colony
Established by another group of Puritans in 1630 seeking religious refuge
Boston became a thriving port city
Led by Puritan Leader John Winthrop
Plymouth was eventually incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony
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New EnglandPuritans
Came to America to practice their own religion
Were not tolerant of other religions
Roger Williams Disagreed with some Puritan
practices Declared English settlers had
no rightful claim to the land unless they purchased it from the natives
Argued every person should be free to worship according to his or her conscience
Founded Providence and guaranteed religious freedom
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Native American Resistance
Natives had helped colonists Provided them with land and
gave agricultural advice
Colonists began to settle more and more land
Native Americans began to fear an end to their way of life
Resented the colonists’ efforts to convert them and some of their laws
Such as no hunting or fishing on Sundays
How would you react if you were a Native American?
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King Philip’s War
Tension continued to rise for 40 years
Metacom (Wampanoag chief) Referred to as King Philip by
the English Formed an alliance with other
tribes in an attempt to wipe out the colonists
King Philip’s War begins in 1675
Natives burned outlying settlements
Colonists responded by killing many natives, even those from friendly tribes
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King Philip’s WarBrutality lasted over a year
Natives finally surrendered or fled Heavy casualties Food shortages Disease
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Middle ColoniesThe Dutch established a colony, New Netherland Thrived on fur
trading
1664 English took over the colony Renamed it New
York after the duke of York
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Middle Colonies
1660-1682 Charles II (new English king)
Gave large portions of land to William Penn
In return for a debt owed to Penn’s father
Penn establishes Pennsylvania and Delaware
Penn belonged to a Protestant sect known as the Quakers
Rejected war and promoted equality
Paid natives for any new land they acquired
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Thirteen Colonies
1600s-1700s More British colonies were established for many reasons
Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
By 1752, the Crown had begun to exercise more and more control over colonial economies and governments
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Thirteen Colonies
Existed primarily for the benefit of England
Colonies exported raw materials to England
Lumber and fur Imported manufactured
goods from England
Original 13 colonies: Represented a wide
variety of people, skills, motives, industries, resources, and agricultural products
Colonizing Country
Colony
Raw materials
Manufactured goods
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Mercantilism
European nations competed for wealth and power through mercantilismTheory of Mercantilism
A nation can increase its wealth in one of two ways:
Obtain as much gold and silver as possible
Establish a favorable balance of trade
What would be a favorable balance of trade?
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MercantilismColonies were key to this process
They provided the raw materials that could not be found in the home country
See the colonies on p. 29, answer Geography Skillbuilder
To tighten control of colonial trade, English Parliament passed the Navigation Acts in 1651
Read the Navigation Acts on p. 28
How do the acts benefit England? What about the colonies?
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Colonial Government
Governor Appointed by the Crown served as the highest authority
•Could veto laws of the Assembly
Advisory council Appointed by the Governor
Colonial Assembly elected by the landowning white males
•Raised money through taxes and initiated and passed laws
•Paid the governor’s salary
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Growing Self-Determination
Self-government Created conditions
for a potential rebellion
Desired more economic and political breathing room
Read “A Personal Voice” on p. 30