1 europe goes to war _________ japan builds an empire
TRANSCRIPT
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Europe Goes to
War_________
Japan Builds an
Empire
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Warm-up
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Warm-up
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Warm-upWhat terms are missing?
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Section 1 Review
• Munich Conference (1938)• Hitler promised that the
Sudetenland was all that he wanted–6 months later: occupied western
Czech.
–1 month later: Italy invaded Albania
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Invasion of Poland• After invasion of Czech. France &
G.B. abandoned policy of appeasement and prepared for war
• Warned Hitler if he went any further it would lead to war
• France & G.B. pledged support to appeasement
• Hitler didn’t believe them
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Invasion of Poland• 1914 – Germany wasn’t ready to fight a
war on two fronts
• Soviet Union & Germany had always been enemies but, they recognized that they could benefit from combining their forces
• Signed a 10-Year Non-aggression Pact–Stalin didn’t believe that Hitler would pursue
conquering Soviet Union
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Non-Aggression
Pact
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Invasion of Poland• Secret document divided Eastern
Europe up into Soviet Union territories and German territories• September 1: Hitler invaded
Poland• September 3: France & G.B.
declared war on Germany
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Invasion of Poland• France/G.B./Poland: more soldiers &
infantry division• Germany: had superior firepower
(panzer divisions, machine guns, etc.)–Blitzkrieg: Lightning war – concentrated
air and land attack that took enemy by surprise– Imposed German law and imprisoned
and murdered Jews–Fr. & G.B. watched unable to help Poland
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War in the West• American press dubbed it the “phony war”• Maginot Line–Along France’s border w/Germany–Provided housing for troops, rec. areas, etc.–Thick walls and heavy artillery stood ready to
fight an invasion• Problems: border faced Germany – Germany could
go through Belgium; Heavy guns pointed east and couldn’t be moved
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German Attacks
• April 9,1940: attacked Denmark & Norway
• May 10,1940: attacked Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg–G.B. & Fr. rushed to Belgium – too
late
–Have to retreat to Dunkirk braving German Luftwaffe (air force)
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Fall of France• June 10,1940: Fr. gov’t. abandoned Paris• June 10,1940: Italy declared war on Fr. &
G.B.• June 14,1940: Germany invaded Paris• June 22,1940: Fr. officially surrendered–Free France: Gov’t. in exile in London; led by
Charles de Gaulle
–Vichy France: German controlled French gov’t.
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Battle of Britain
• To neutralize the British navy, Hitler used his Luftwaffe to destroy Britain’s air defense• August – September,1940: 1,000
planes rained bombs on Britain–Attacked everything air bases, cities,
etc.–RAF – Royal Air Force
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Japan Build an Empire• Japan forced out of isolationism b/c of
westernization
• WWI Japan joined allies – conquered German possessions and gained markets
• Created 2-party system
• Helped found the League of Nations
• Signed Kellogg-Briand Pact – condemned war and pledged to handle disagreements peacefully
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Democracy in Crisis• 1920’s recession – depended on
foreign markets• High tariffs on Japanese products
resulted in industrial decline, massive layoffs, strikes, and widespread political unrest• Blamed multi-party system and rich
business owners
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Rise of Nationalism
• Military unrest b/c gov’t. accepted limits on the size of the military
• Radical Nationalists demanded a return to traditional ways–End to powerful businesses and
Western-style institutions
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Manchurian Incident• Japan lacked raw materials• Manchuria had huge raw material
source (coal & ore)• September,1931: Japanese occupied
Manchuria• Manchurian Incident: Manchurian gov’t.
failed to respond–Puppet State: independent state under
control by a powerful neighbor
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ManchurianIncident
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Manchurian Incident
• U.S. and G.B. protested but, took no action to stop Japan
• Violated Kellogg-Briand Pact and United Nations
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War Against China
• Occupied Beijing and Tianjin; threatened Northern China
• Chinese Nationalist army, led by Jiang Jieshi, resisted invasion
• Japan’s advantage: superior weapons and warplanes
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Rape of Nanjing• Japanese soldiers brutalized
or killed at least 100,000 people• President Roosevelt spoke out
against international aggression• Soviet Union aided China w/arms, warplanes and military