chapter 3 sections 1 & 2 – an era of exploration & spain builds an empire
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3Sections 1 & 2
– An Era of Exploration &
Spain Builds an Empire
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1st people in the Americas are actually the Vikings
from Scandinavia.
1001 – Leif Ericson reached Newfoundland (Vinland) but
did not stay long
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The Viking Voyages
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Newfoundland
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Late 1400s, Spain wants to get in on Asian spice trade
King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella
agree to fund an expedition for
the Italian Christopher Columbus
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3 ships: Santa Maria, Nina & Pinta
90 sailors
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October 12, 1492 – lands in islands in Caribbean
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Given Title: ADMIRAL OF THE
SEAS
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Makes 3 more voyages to New World
1493 – sets up 1st Spanish colony – Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic)
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SIGNIFICANCE:LASTING CONTACT AMONG PEOPLES
OF EUROPE, AFRICA & AMERICAS
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EFFECT ON NATIVES?
1.CLAIMED LANDS2.FORCED LABOR3.DIED OF HARSH
CONDITIONS OR DISEASE
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Columbus’ voyages mark a
turning point in history
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Effect for Europeans
Place to settle, trade & grow
rich
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COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
GLOBAL EXCHANGE
OF GOODS & IDEAS (pg.
71)
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TODAY’S RESULT:
½ of the world’s food crops come from plants 1st grown in the
Americas
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LATER EXPLORERS
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1513 – Vasco Nunez de BalboaExplored Panama & claimed Pacific for Spain
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1519 – 1522 Ferdinand Magellan
1st group to circumnavigate the world
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Found an ALL water WESTERN route to Asia
EFFECT – found out true size of the Earth
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SPANISH CONQUISTADOR
S
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1519 – Hernando Cortes
Sailed for Mexico & conquered Aztecs in 1520
- Killed emperor Montezuma & captured
Tenochtitlan – Aztec empire fell
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1532 – Francisco Pizarro
Captured Incan emperor
1535 – controlled much of empire
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Why are these conquistadors so successful??
1. Superior military equipment2. Natives frightened by
mounted soldiers3. Natives didn’t fight hard
(gods?)4. Diseases
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1513 Juan Ponce de Leon
Explored Florida in search of a fountain of
youth
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1533 Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca
Traveled by foot over 1,000 miles throughout
the southwestern part of United States
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1539-1542 Hernando de Soto
Explored Florida & the Southeast
1st to reach Mississippi River
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1540 – Francisco Coronado
Explored southwest borderlands in search of
“seven cities of gold”Reached Grand Canyon
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3 types of settlements in New Spain
1. Pueblos – towns (Santa Fe, NM)
2. Presidios – forts (St. Augustine, FL)
3. Missions - religious settlements (El Paso, TX)
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4 social classes in New Spain
1. Peninsulares – born in Spain2. Creoles – born in Americas to
Spanish parents3. Mestizos – mixed Spanish &
Indian 4. Indians
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Bartolome de Las CasasFought for reform for Natives
1540s – royal government passed laws prohibiting enslavement of Natives but few enforced
de Las Casas suggested using Africans as slaves
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Why use African slaves?
1.Immune to disease2.Used to hard labor
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RESULT?
1500s – 1800s10 million enslaved Africans brought to
Americas