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Factors Affect on Cyber Cafe Addiction of Undergraduate

Students in Taiwan

Hui-Jen Yang Justin S. Lay Yun-Long Lay

National Chin-Yi University of Technology Tunghai University

13th annual cyber therapy conference06-22-2008 ~06-26-2008

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Outlines• Introduction• Related Literature

– Cyber cafe addiction – Family environment – Internet self-efficacy – Failure tolerance

• Research Model • Methodology

– Data Collection and Samples – Reliability and Validity

• Results• Discussion and Conclusion

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Introduction (1)

• Wide-spread promotion of the Internet, many previous reports indicate that adolescence were becoming addicted to internet overuse (Griffiths, 1996; 2000; Hall & Parsons, 2001; Chake & Leung, 2004; Campbell, 2006; Pratarelli & Browne, 2002;1999), computer addiction such as computer game playing (Young, 1999) or obsessive video game playing (Keepers, 1991; Chiu et al., 2004).

• Cyber cafe video or computer games are a novel business industry and became a popular leisure in Taiwan. .

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Introduction (2)• The cyber-café addiction activity has jeopardized

or interfered with the adolescence life and social development and contributed toward many social and family problems that occur.

• The main purpose of this study was to investigate the affecting factors in cyber cafe video or computer game addiction.

• Another purpose was to explore the mediator effects of internet self-efficacy on cyber cafe video or computer game addiction.

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Related Literature- Cyber cafe addiction

• The addiction phenomenon on behavioral side which involves human-machine interaction, such as gambling, computer overuse (Griffiths, 1996), overeating (Lesieur & Blume, 1993, network or internet addiction or obsessive video game playing (Keepers, 1991; Chiu et al., 2004).

• The core components of behaviourial addictions include salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict and relapse (Griffiths, 1996).

• Cyber cafe addiction was defined as “people feel restless, depressed, or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop going to cyber cafe store to play video or computer game, surf, or chat in network.”

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Related Literature- Family environment

• Family is the first and foremost context for children’s physical and psychological development and parents have always seemed playing an important role for children’s personality development and material support (Lu & Lin, 1998; Dey & Morris, 1999).

• The research of Liu & Kuo (2007) displayed that parent-child relationship influenced internet addiction.

• Education and income are two aspects of socioeconomic status that are most important to psychological well-being (Mirowsky & Ross, 1990).

• Mirowsky and Ross (1990) assert that high levels of income, education, occupational status and job autonomy are associated with an increased sense of control.

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Related Literature- Internet self-efficacy

• Bandura (1986) defined self-efficacy as “people’s judgment of their capabilities to execute courses of action”.

• Internet self-efficacy was defined as “people’s judgment of their capability or confidence to master the Internet or World Wide Web”.

• Bandura (1986) suggests that verbal persuasion is one source of information about personal self-efficacy.

• If the verbal persuasion is positive, encouraging, and not commanding, the verbal persuasion will enhance personal self-efficacy (Marakas et al. 1998).

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Related Literature- Failure tolerance

• Weibe (1991) defined failure tolerance as a tendency to persist while facing failure or difficulty.

• Laux (2000) asserted that a person who has a lower failure tolerance would have a lower tobacco control and would smoke more.

• Pratarelli & Browne (2002) proposed that addiction affected personal goals.

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Research Model

Parental Support

Cyber CafeAddiction

Internet Self-efficacy

Failure Tolerance

ScioeconomicStatus

H3

H2

H4

H1

H5

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Hypotheses

• H1: The greater the student’s perception of parental support, the lower his/her cyber cafe addiction.

• H2: The greater the student’s internet self-efficacy, the lower his/her cyber cafe addiction.

• H3: The greater the student’s parental support, the higher his/her internet self-efficacy.

• H4: The higher the student’s family socioeconomic status, the lower his/her cyber cafe addiction.

• H5: The higher the student’s failure tolerance is, the lower his/her cyber cafe addiction.

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Data Collection and Samples

• The samples were voluntary college students in technical-vocational college or university at central of Taiwan.

• A questionnaire using the self-administered technique and pilot tested with 15 sophomore students.

• The questionnaires were sent to 5 schools, 13 classes and 686 questionnaires were collected and left 508 valid questionnaires.

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ReliabilityVariables Cronbach’s alpha

cyber cafe addiction .90

parental support .86

internet self-efficacy .94

failure tolerance .81

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Validity Table 1 EFA of cyber cafe addictionComponents % of Var

ianceCumulative

Items deleted

Addiction experience

29.447 29.447 none

Addiction frequency

17.355 46.802 1

Components % of Variance

Cumulative

Items deleted

Parental support

23.569 23.569 7

Failure tolerance

7.071 51.189 5

Internet self-efficacy

4.881 56.070 2

Table 2 EFA of parent support, failure tolerance and Internet SE

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ResultsRegression for H3

model Beta T Sig.

Parental supporta

.114 2.591 .010**

a. Dependent Variables: internet self-efficacy (F: 6.711, p=.010) *** p<0.001 ** p<0.01 * p<0.05

Multiple Regression for Cyber Cafe Addiction a

Model Beta T Sig.

Internet self-efficacy

.136 3.085 .002**

Parental support

.117 -2.620 .009**

SES -.023 -.525 .600

Failure tolerance

-.176 -4.063 .000***

a. Dependent Variables: addiction (F=9.522, p=.000, R2 = 36%)

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Discussion and Conclusion(1)• Internet self-efficacy, parental support, and failure

tolerance are significant indicators of cyber café addiction, respectively.

• Failure tolerance has the most significant predictive power.

• These findings are consistent with earlier research that has demonstrated a link between failure tolerance and parental support on addiction behavior respectively (Stronegger et al., 1997; Pratarelli & Browne, 2002; 1999; Fiore, et al., 1986; Campbell et al., 2006; Chiu et al., 2004).

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Discussion and Conclusion(2)• The better the parent-child relationship is, the less

the internet addiction is (Liu & Kuo, 2007). This indicated that parents should spend more time to pay more attention to their children’s behavior. Additionally, the family or school should also assist students to handle failure tolerance to avoid the addiction. Prevention programs should be incorporated in the regular school curriculum to enhance student’s self-esteem.

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Discussion and Conclusion(3)• Internet self-efficacy has a positive relationship with c

yber café addiction. This result is not consistent with the previous study (Bandura, 1986; Campbell et al., 2006; Chak & Leung, 2004).

• One possible explanation might be that student who has a higher self-efficacy has a higher motivation to challenge the video game to show-off his/her capability in computer. Therefore, they devote more time to games and thus have a higher addiction in cyber café activities.

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Discussion and Conclusion(4)

• SES does not seem to have a significant effect on cyber cafe addiction. One possible argument is that the cost of going to a cyber-café is relatively speaking not so significant, only NT$20 (around 50 cents US dollars) per hour and could be afforded by most undergraduate students’ families.

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Discussion and Conclusion(5)

• This research also offers the mediating effect of internet self-efficacy on cyber cafe addiction. The parental support has a positive relationship to internet self-efficacy. Such a link is hypothesized by self-efficacy theory (Bandura, 1986) and certainly has been consistent with previous research (Marakas et al., 1998).

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Discussion and Conclusion(6)• From a government perspective, the government

should establish some rules to administer cyber-cafés store.

• The school contribution should include periodically counseling seminars or programs to teach students how to arrange and manage their leisure time, or raise and improve their self-control etcetera.

• Family counseling programs, support groups from parents or school and educational workshops for addicts to help them understand the impacts of cyber-café activities are needed in the long run to cope with cyber-café addiction

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Thank You for Your Attention