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Fly- By- WirelessFly- By- Wireless

Final Report & Proposed ProjectFinal Report & Proposed ProjectCANEUS 2009 WorkshopsCANEUS 2009 Workshops

NASA Ames Research CenterNASA Ames Research Center06 March 200906 March 2009

David RusselFlight Research LaboratoryNational Research CouncilCanada

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VisionVision

To minimize cables and connectors To minimize cables and connectors and increase functionality across and increase functionality across the aerospace industry by providing the aerospace industry by providing reliable, lower cost, modular, and reliable, lower cost, modular, and higher performance alternatives to higher performance alternatives to wired data connectivity to benefit wired data connectivity to benefit the entire vehicle/program life-the entire vehicle/program life-cyclecycle..

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MissionMission

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Objectives/StrategiesObjectives/Strategies

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Objectives/Strategies Cont.Objectives/Strategies Cont.

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Identified End-User NeedsIdentified End-User Needs Energy savingsEnergy savings Needs to be smallNeeds to be small Reduce costs associated with wired systemsReduce costs associated with wired systems

• ESA Assessment – save 3 weeks AIT for 10+ people if ESA Assessment – save 3 weeks AIT for 10+ people if used wireless. - temp, pressure, monitorsused wireless. - temp, pressure, monitors..

Environmental and internal monitoring Environmental and internal monitoring applicationsapplications

Passive wireless thermal, acceleration, and Passive wireless thermal, acceleration, and acoustic emission sensors for structural health acoustic emission sensors for structural health monitoring and testingmonitoring and testing

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Identified End-User Needs, Identified End-User Needs, Cont.Cont.

Replace wired sensors on launch systems Replace wired sensors on launch systems TPS – embedded in heat shield to id temp TPS – embedded in heat shield to id temp

strain so that TPS margins can be reducedstrain so that TPS margins can be reduced Radiation tolerantRadiation tolerant Operate in RF environment compatible Operate in RF environment compatible

with satellites and aerospace vehicles with satellites and aerospace vehicles (metallic cavity)(metallic cavity)

Electromagnetic Compatibility– case by Electromagnetic Compatibility– case by casecase

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Potential Project ApplicationsPotential Project Applications Wireless communication and controlWireless communication and control

• Thermal vacuum testingThermal vacuum testing• Clean-room applicationsClean-room applications• In cabin wireless video streaming In cabin wireless video streaming • SWARM Nanobots / Satellite ClustersSWARM Nanobots / Satellite Clusters• Wireless internetWireless internet• Lunar communications between multiple Lunar communications between multiple

nodesnodes Delamination of structural elementsDelamination of structural elements

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Consortium Project OutcomesConsortium Project Outcomes 2 Projects Identified2 Projects Identified Selected:Selected:

• Wireless passive acoustic emission Wireless passive acoustic emission sensors for structural and spacecraft sensors for structural and spacecraft health monitoringhealth monitoring

Additional:Additional:• Self powered wireless method to detect Self powered wireless method to detect

and categorize surface and structural and categorize surface and structural damage in real time caused by high damage in real time caused by high momentum structural impactsmomentum structural impacts

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Proposed ProjectProposed Project

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Proposed ProjectProposed Project

Wireless passive acoustic Wireless passive acoustic emission sensors for structural emission sensors for structural

and spacecraft health and spacecraft health monitoring.monitoring.

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Relevant Needs AddressedRelevant Needs Addressed

• Passive wireless thermal, acceleration, Passive wireless thermal, acceleration, and acoustic emission sensors for and acoustic emission sensors for structural health monitoring and testingstructural health monitoring and testing

Distributed sensor networks Distributed sensor networks • Need large quantity of sensors for testing and Need large quantity of sensors for testing and

monitor large structuresmonitor large structures Temperature, pressure, acceleration, and Temperature, pressure, acceleration, and

strain – low data rate (near term)strain – low data rate (near term) Acoustic emission – 1Msps – (longer term)Acoustic emission – 1Msps – (longer term)

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Consortium Members InvolvedConsortium Members Involved St. Cloud State University / University of St. Cloud State University / University of

MinnesotaMinnesota National Center for Microelectronics (CNM)- National Center for Microelectronics (CNM)-

SpainSpain Applied Sensor R&D CorporationApplied Sensor R&D Corporation University of Maine University of Maine NASANASA ESAESA BoeingBoeing National Research Council - Canada National Research Council - Canada Centre for Large Space Structures & Centre for Large Space Structures &

Systems – CLS3, CanadaSystems – CLS3, Canada

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Why this project? Why this project?

Clearly expressed near term needClearly expressed near term need Longer term additional applicationsLonger term additional applications

• If able to address this application, technology If able to address this application, technology can be readily applied to a number of other can be readily applied to a number of other applications: temperature, pressure, etc.applications: temperature, pressure, etc.

Clear synergy between consortium Clear synergy between consortium technologiestechnologies

High risk – unique combination of High risk – unique combination of technologiestechnologies

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Technologies InvolvedTechnologies Involved#1 - Passive SAW wireless interface devices#1 - Passive SAW wireless interface devicesApplied Sensor R&D CorpApplied Sensor R&D Corp

SAW devices are passive (batteryless) devices that can be used to SAW devices are passive (batteryless) devices that can be used to provide a wireless communication interface to external impedance provide a wireless communication interface to external impedance varying sensors. varying sensors.

The SAW devices are Rad-hard to over 10 MRad of ionizing The SAW devices are Rad-hard to over 10 MRad of ionizing radiation, operate from cryogenic temperatures to over 1,000°C, radiation, operate from cryogenic temperatures to over 1,000°C, and remain functional through repeated thermal shock cycles and remain functional through repeated thermal shock cycles between temperatures that differ by more than 250°C. between temperatures that differ by more than 250°C.

These devices, which are based on the low cost device technology These devices, which are based on the low cost device technology widely used in cell phones, will enable cost-effective passive widely used in cell phones, will enable cost-effective passive distributed collection of data from a range of existing flight qualified distributed collection of data from a range of existing flight qualified sensors and emerging sensors. sensors and emerging sensors.

Each SAW device receives a spread spectrum RF signal, which Each SAW device receives a spread spectrum RF signal, which activates the device, modulates the signal with a unique RFID-like activates the device, modulates the signal with a unique RFID-like code, and sends back a signal containing the sensor ID information code, and sends back a signal containing the sensor ID information along with the measurement from the attached sensor. along with the measurement from the attached sensor.

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Technologies Involved:Technologies Involved:

#2 Carbon nano tube piezo sensor for acoustic #2 Carbon nano tube piezo sensor for acoustic detection up to the ultrasonic rangedetection up to the ultrasonic range

St. Cloud State University / University of MinnesotaSt. Cloud State University / University of Minnesota

The technology utilizes a carbon nanotube (CNT) / piezo The technology utilizes a carbon nanotube (CNT) / piezo hybrid sensor that results in thin sheets of acoustic hybrid sensor that results in thin sheets of acoustic detectors. detectors.

The sensor has a high bandwidth and can be utilized as an The sensor has a high bandwidth and can be utilized as an acoustic sensor up to ultrasound range. In its current stage acoustic sensor up to ultrasound range. In its current stage the sensors are not wireless and they will be an excellent the sensors are not wireless and they will be an excellent candidate to be integrated with SAW technology to create a candidate to be integrated with SAW technology to create a passive sheet sensor. passive sheet sensor.

Our group also specializes in modeling, signal processing Our group also specializes in modeling, signal processing and control of these devices.and control of these devices.

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Wireless Sensing SystemWireless Sensing System

Single SAW sensor-tagSingle SAW sensor-tag

Data Acquisition

System

Data Acquisition

System

AE Wireless Sensorswith SAW tags

AE Wired Sensor

Current Technology

Current wired systemCurrent wired system

Planned wireless systemPlanned wireless system

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Enabling Technologies NeededEnabling Technologies Needed AntennaAntenna

• Wideband, small, and low-lossWideband, small, and low-loss

System level integration System level integration • Data Acquisition (DAQ)Data Acquisition (DAQ)• InstrumentationInstrumentation• Stand-alone interface Stand-alone interface

Software – processing and analysisSoftware – processing and analysis• Commercially available Commercially available • CustomizedCustomized• Combination Combination

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Relevant StakeholdersRelevant Stakeholders

Potential CustomersPotential Customers• NASA – represented in consortium NASA – represented in consortium • ESA – represented in consortiumESA – represented in consortium• Boeing – represented in consortiumBoeing – represented in consortium• EADS – consortium networkEADS – consortium network

Potential IntegratorsPotential Integrators• INVOCON – consortium networkINVOCON – consortium network• An integrator in the EU may be needed to help An integrator in the EU may be needed to help

mitigate risk and encourage ESA adoptionmitigate risk and encourage ESA adoption Processing and Analysis - TBD Processing and Analysis - TBD

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RisksRisks

TechnicalTechnical • EMC EMC

RegulatoryRegulatory• FCC & ITU compliance application dependantFCC & ITU compliance application dependant• Industry specific regulations and standardsIndustry specific regulations and standards• Export control - ITARExport control - ITAR

FundingFunding IPIP

• division on ownershipdivision on ownership

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Critical Success FactorsCritical Success Factors Meets customer needsMeets customer needs

• NASA expressedNASA expressed• ESA expressedESA expressed• Boeing expressed Boeing expressed

Large number of potential applicationsLarge number of potential applications Partially - identified supplier/distribution channelPartially - identified supplier/distribution channel

• Integrator needed (US and in EU)Integrator needed (US and in EU)• Analysis and processingAnalysis and processing

Potential for Funding/InvestmentPotential for Funding/Investment• Government - potential via NRAs, space act agreements, and Government - potential via NRAs, space act agreements, and

SADI (Canada)SADI (Canada)• Industrial - R&D fundsIndustrial - R&D funds• ASR&D – Existing SBIR Phase I – enables Phase III with no ASR&D – Existing SBIR Phase I – enables Phase III with no

competition required for US federal contractingcompetition required for US federal contracting Proposed project inline with consortium Proposed project inline with consortium

objectives and goalsobjectives and goals

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Next Steps Next Steps

Identify source of fundingIdentify source of funding Involve system integratorsInvolve system integrators

• Processing and Analysis - TBD Processing and Analysis - TBD Define Prelim Requirements / SpecDefine Prelim Requirements / Spec Define Detailed Design SpecDefine Detailed Design Spec Scheduling, time and cost estimatesScheduling, time and cost estimates

• Project alignment with relevant Project alignment with relevant roadmaps roadmaps

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Near Term Actionable Items Near Term Actionable Items CANEUS CANEUS

• Funding identification and accessFunding identification and access US and Non-USUS and Non-US

• Enabling technology identificationEnabling technology identification• Resources for project planningResources for project planning• Facilitate international collaborationFacilitate international collaboration

Consortium Consortium • It depends on CANEUS It depends on CANEUS • Prelim feasibility - limited time and resourcesPrelim feasibility - limited time and resources• Finalize at the next FBW workshop to be held in Finalize at the next FBW workshop to be held in

June 2009 at MontrealJune 2009 at Montreal

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Questions Questions