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Functional reference model for Digital Rights Management Systems

Vural Ünlü / Prof. Dr. Thomas HessMunich School of Management

Berlin, 5. September2004

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The fundamental Problem: Copying and Exchange of content are facilitated through ICT

Easy data exchange through P2P networks

Easy copying through separation of content and

medium

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... the first visible consequencesother affected media segments might follow…

Source: Deutsche Landesgruppe der IFPI, Jahreswirtschaftsbericht 2001

Y2Y Change in revenues of Germany music market (in %)

-14

-12

-10

-8

-6

-4

-2

0

2

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Advertisingjournal

Free-TV

Newspaper

Scient.publication

Pay-TV

Book

Sales revenues

Advertising revenues

Share of total sales

Revenue split of media segments

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Generic Copyright Protection Strategies

Technical

Digital Rights Management

Systems

• Encryption• Watermarking• Rights Expression

Languages

Legal

Statutory and contractual

• Mass Market licenses• Lobbyism• Change of Copyright

regime• Legal education of

end consumers

Business

Business models

• Revenue Model• Value Chain• Cost structure

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Digital Rights Management Systems as the most effective solution?

• DRM pursues the objective of technically enforcing the economic and moral interests of content providers.

• By using a bundle of technical components, a secure and efficient use of digital content via all media is ensured and usage-dependent business models are made possible.

– In a narrower sense, DRM-systems pursue a complete control over distribution and use of content.

– In a broader sense, DRM-systems allow an individual and differentiated royalty management of the use of content and efficient backend legal administration.

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Logical architecture of Digital Rights Management Systems

ClearedContent

Billing

Billing Data

AccessControl

LicenseData

Prosecution of infringe-

ments

UsageControl

Content-library

Source: Ünlü/Hess 2004

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Access control

DNS-Rerouting

IP-Blocking

Application Blocking

Proxy Filtering

Anonymous

ID/Password

Token-based

Biometric

Example: Pay-TV

y=f(x) X=f`(y)

End consumerContent ProviderFiltering

techniquesAuthentification

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Usage control

Rights ExpressionLanguages

Right to render content

Right to transport content

Right to produce derivative works

Example: xrML

• eXtensible rights Markup Language (XrML) is a language for the expression of rights for a media asset

• Syntax is defined in XML

grantgrant

Issuer

license

Right

Principal

Resource

Condition

Source: Based on ContentGuard 2002, Version 2.0

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Prosecution of infringements

Example: ImageBridge™ Enterprise

Visible Wasserzeichen

Invisible – robuste watermarks

Invisible – fragile watermarks

DigitalFinderprints

Watermarks

Source: Digimarc, http://www.digimarc.com/products/imagebridge/default.asp

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Billing

Pay-per-use(Pay-per-Listen)(Pay-per-view)

Usage Metering

Superdistribution

Billing

PublisherBook buyer

Book buyer

Price of book

Price of book

minus X%

X% of Book price

Super -distribution

Rights

•Rendering: display on output device, print

•Extent: indefinite

Rights

•Rendering: display on output device

•Extent: indefinite

Example: Superdistribution of book content

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Digital content

Protected media

Streaming or web server

Clearinghouse license server

1

2

4

3

Package Media

Distributecontent

Set up license server

Request /Receive media

End customer (front-end DRMS)

Content provider (back-end DRMS)

6 Rendercontent

Portabledevice

5Authenticate/Downloadlicense

Microsoft Media Player with Media

Rights Manager

Example: Microsoft Windows Media Player

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DRM Functionality as a result of intertwining technologies

Encryption

Digital watermarks

Authentication techniques (e.g., digital signature)

Robust watermarks for authentication

check

Access control

Rights expression languages

Representation of authorized users /

devices

Representation of license rights

Usage release through content

decryption (e.g. based on symmetrical algorithms)

Robust watermarks for enforcement of

copy protection

Usage control

Elimination of manipulated DRMS-

clients (device revocation after

challenge-response operation)

Fragile watermarks for integrity check

Prosecution of infringements

Representation of authorized users /

devices

Representation of usage information

Secure payment procedures

(e.g. SET-protocol)

Robust watermarks for authentication

check

Metered-usage billing

Function

Technology

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Metered-usagebilling

Accesscontrol

Usagecontrol

Functions

Digital Rights Management Systems

Prose-cution of copyrightinfringe-ments

Encryption

Rights expression languages

Digital watermarking

Core technologies

Conclusion