1 high-density incremental...

HIGH-DENSITY INCREMENTAL EXPANSIONUN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM TRAINING SESSION 2012

SPECIAL INTEREST GROUP IN URBAN SETTLEMENT |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM

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A special thanks to PRO SAMIM + SUHAB + Gutierrez + Govt + IADB + Concremat + ULBRA + PROFE SSOR REINHARD GOETHERT + MIT SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

USER-INITIATED INCREMENTAL EXPANSIONMANAUS | AMAZONAS | BRAZIL

SIGUS |Caleb Harper, Vasco Portugal, Layla Shaikley UN-HABITAT WORLD URBAN FORUM

MANAUSCURRENT POPULATION: 1.8 MILLIONANNUAL GROWTH RATE: 4%INFORMAL POPULATION: 40,000

URBAN RESETTLEMENTISSUES AND RESPONSE

PROSAMIM: THE SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM FOR THE IGARAPES IN MANAUS THE PROJECT OBJECTIVE IS to help solve the environ-mental, planning, and social problems affecting the Manaus residents living in the Educandos-Quarenta watershed.

2006 TO PRESENT: 10,000 FAMILIES RELOCATED FROM PALAFITAS. THE PROGRAM DEVELOPED TWO HIGH-DENSITY HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN THE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT (CBD).

LANDSLIDE STENCH DISEASE FLOOD

MICRO-LEVEL ISSUES

$ $

REAL ESTATEDEPRECIATION

$

HIGH USE OF TAX

DOLLARS ON PALAFITA RELIEF

INSUFFICIENT INFRA-

STRUCTURE

LACK OF GOVERNMENT HOUSING FOR

SWOLLEN POPULATIONS

MACRO-LEVEL ISSUES

FIG1;2; - PALAFITAS: INFORMAL FLOATING URBAN SETTLEMENTS INSIDE CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT OF MANAUS

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PROSAMIMHOUSING

$TO LEAVE

$TO RENT

$ TO BUY

GOVERNMENT HOUSINGPROSAMIMIDB

OPTIONS

PROSAMIMTYPOLOGYS

1

1 2

1 2

1 2

3

PALAFITAS

<5 -

>5 -

-

1

2

3

TYPOLOGY

1PAST

TYPOLOGY

2PRESENT

TYPOLOGY

3FUTURE

SUHAB

HEALTH SOCIALSANITATION

ENVIRONMENT

RESETTLEMENT

Renters


OPERATIONAL DIAGRAMIDB + PROSAMIM MANAUS BRAZIL

RESETLEMENT ORGANIZATIONAL DIAGRAMMANAUS BRAZIL PUBLIC HOUSING


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TYPOLOGY

1TYPOLOGY

2

RESETLEMENT PROGRAMHOUSING TYPOLOGIES

TYPOLOGY II6 Family UnitSingle Level Units46 square meters per unitLoad Bearing Masonry Structure

TYPOLOGY I 3 Family UnitGround Floor Single Family2nd and 3rd Floor Duplex54 square meters per unitLoad Bearing Masonry Structure


Ground floor First floor Second floor Standard floor plan

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USER-INITIATED INCREMENTAL EXPANSIONHOUSING TYPOLOGY I SETLEMENT TYPOLOGY I

SETLEMENT TYPOLOGY II


TYPES OF EXPANSION: 62% Home-base Enterprise26% Living Space10% Storage

* red indicated observed locations incremental expansion

* red indicated observed locations incremental expansion

TYPES OF EXPANSION: 38% Home-base Enterprise41% Living Space21% Storage

Parque Igarape Manaus

64% of buildings display incremental additions

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HOUSING TYPOLOGY II

Parque Gilberto Mestrinho

38% of buildings display incremental additions

STORAGE SPACESEXPANSION OPPORTUNITIES


PROSAMIM IITYPOLOGY II- 77% Ground Floor, 7% 1st Floor, 16% 2nd Floor

PROSAMIM ITYPOLOGY I - 38% Ground Floor, 28% 1st Floor, 24% 2nd Floor

MATERIALSRoof: Corrugated metal Walls: Welded metal bars, Concrete, corrugated metalFloor: Ceramics, Concrete

USEEquipment storageComercial storageResidential storage

AREARange between 3 to 16 sqmSecured space

MATERIALS Walls: Welded metal barsFloor: Ceramics, Concrete

USE Equipment storageComercial storageResidential storage

AREARange between 1 to 4 sqmMix secured and unsecured

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LIVING SPACESEXPANSION OPPORTUNITIES




USELeisure / SocializingPrivate Garden / SolariumClothes WashingOutdoor Play Space

AREARange between 5 to 25 sqm

MATERIALSRoof: FabricWalls: Welded metal bars Floor: Ceramics, Concrete

USE Leisure / SocializingPrivate Garden / SolariumClothes WashingOutdoor Play Space


PROSAMIM ITYPOLOGY I - 42% Ground Floor, 34% 1st Floor, 24% 2nd Floor

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HOME-BASED ENTERPRISESEXPANSION OPPORTUNITIES



PROSAMIM ITYPOLOGY I- 63% Ground Floor, 29% 1st Floor, 18% 2nd Floor


USE Grocery / Fresh VegetablesRestaurant / BarsHairdresser / Nails / MassageEntertainment


MATERIALSNo added materials

USEGrocery / Fresh VegetablesRestaurant / BarsHairdresser / Nails / MassageEntertainment

AREARange between 0 and 6 sqm

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DEMAND FOR INCOME GENERATION DESIGN CONCLUSIONS


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DESIGN EXERCISEDESIGNING FOR TRANSFORMATION: HOW CAN THESE ELEMENTS SUPPORT INCREMENTAL PROJECTS?


SERVICESSTRUCTUREFOUNDATION

CONSIDER THE DESIGN ELEMENTS ABOVE. HOW WOULD YOU DESIGN A 3-STORY 3-FAMILY INCREMENTALLYEXPANDABLE BUILDING USING A BASE SIZE OF 60 SQUARE METERS PER FAMILY?

WHAT ELEMENTS SHOULD BE PROVIDED BY THE GOVERNMENT AND WHAT ELEMENTS COULD BE INCREMENTALYADDED BY THE FUTURES USERS?

INTERIOR WALLS INTERIOR FINISHEXT.FINISH

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INFILL

INCREMENTAL DESIGN PROCESSPARAMETERS

3-STORY VERTCAL STACKLIMITED OPPORTUNITY FOREXPANSION

ROTATION / SHIFTCREATION OF PORCHES AND OVERHANGS

INFILLEXTERIOR SPACES AREINCREMENTALLYINFILLED OVER TIME TO CREATE ADDITIONAL SPACE

VERTICAL EXPANSIONPOSSIBILITY FOR VERTICAL EXPANSION OVER TIME

HORIZONTAL EXPANSION

WHAT SHOULD THE SIZE BE?DETERMINE FOR YOUR CONTEXT THE MINIMUMMAXIMUM SIZE APPRORRIATEPER FAMILY / UNIT

WHAT IS ESSENTIAL?WHAT ELEMENTS OF THEPLAN NEEDS TO BE THEREFROM DAY 1 OF OCCUPANCYAND WHAT CAN BE LEFT FOREXPANSION?

WHAT SUPPORT IS ESSENTIAL?VERTICAL AND HORIZONTALCIRCULATION, LOCATE STAIRSACCESS,UTILITIES, DAYLIGHTINGAND NATIONAL VENTHILATION.

SUPPORTING GROWTH?HOW CAN YOU SUPPORT INCREMENTAL GROWTH?CONTRACTOR CONSULTING, MATERIAL SUBSIDY, TRAINING.


FORM : INCOME GENERATION :

PLAN :

20 sqm 20 sqm60 sqm

EXPANSION SPACE

SINGLE LEVELSINGLE FAMILY

3 LEVELMULTI-FAMILY

TOILETSHOWERKITCHENLAUNDRYSLEEPING

DININGSOCIALBEDROOMSETC.

SERV

ICES

CIRC

ULA

TIO

N

STRUCTURAL TYPE?LOAD BEARING WALL VSINDEPENDANT STRUCTURE WITH INFILL PANELS. BOTH OFFER STRATEGIES AT LIMITINGAND ENHANCING EXTENSION.

HOW TO REDUCE COST?BY UTILIZING AN INDEPENDANTSTRUCTURE THERE IS AN OPPORTUNITY TO REMOVE NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS AND ACCEPT USER MATERIALS

POTENTIAL FOR HYBRID?BY CROSS BREEDING TWOOR MORE TYPES OF STRUCTURE YOU CAN BETTER ARTICULATE RESPONSES OVER TIME

STRUCTURE :

INFILL INFILL

CORE

$ FOR RENT $

HORIZONTAL EXPANSIONEXPANSION SPACE OFTEN BECOMES A COMMERCIALSPACE FOR THE FAMILY TO OFFER LOCAL GOODS AND CREATE INCOME

CORE

UTI

LITY

$ COMMERICAL $

HOW CAN WE AFFORD CENTER CITY LAND?BY AGGREGATING IN MULTI-STORYYOU CAN REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF LANDNEEDED TO ACHIEVE THE SAME DENSITIES.

IS UTILITY PLANNING IMPORTANT?BY DESIGNING FOR CONSOLIDATIONOF UTILITY YOU CAN REDUCE INITIAL COST AS WELL AS MAINTENANCE, MONITORING ANDUPGRADING OVER TIME.

MULTI-STORY VENTILATION?AN ADVANTAGE OF MULTI-STORYHOUSING IS THE ABILITY TO INTEGRATE VERTICAL SHAFTS FOR“STACK EFFECT” NATURALVENTILATION

LAND VALUE / SCARCITY :

UTILITIES :

OFTEN THE FIRST ADDITIONS ARERENTAL UNITS AND PROVIDEINCOME FOR FAMILES TO SUPPORT FUTURE GROWTH

vs

SERVICE CORE

HYBRID STRUCTURE

FOUNDATION

INT.FINISH

EXT.FINISH

INFILL WALLS

35% OF TOTAL COST

15% OF TOTAL COST15% OF TOTAL COST

5% OF TOTAL COST

10% OF TOTAL COST 20% OF TOTAL COSTH

“Core” structure is masonry load bearing to prevent alteration to core utilities. Extension areas are designed with a structural frame to accept future infill.

Shared exterior elements such as roofing, safety railing, stairs, etc to be provided initially to ensure code compliance, safety and performance

Structure provided as a “shell” to be upgraded and customized by the individual user which is critical in creating identity, pride and ownership

By seperating the structure and the wall assembly this design allows for individualized solutions to be upgraded over time and the acceptance of a wide variety of finish materials (brick, concrete, glazing, ceramics, wood, advanced materials, etc)

Foundation depth variation based on different loading conditions of heavier load bearing masonry vs lighter structural infill system in anticipation of future expansion

Consolidated verticaldistribution of all services (plumbing, electrical, natural ventilation ,etc). Controlled access provided at each level for future maintenance, monitoring and upgrading.

DESIGN PROTOTYPE I: 3 FAMILY MULTI-STORY HOUSING - 80% GOVERNMENT COST / 20% USER COST


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13MULTI-STORY INCREMENTAL PROPOSALMANAUS PROTOTYPE : HOW COULD THIS BE ADAPTED TO YOUR COUNTRY???


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