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Institute of Biodiversity Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (IBC)Conservation (IBC)

Girma Balcha (Ph.D.)Director General3 November 2007 November 2007

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Ethiopia, Centre of Origin and/or diversity of species due to wide range of agroclimatic conditions

- This was evidenced by Nickolai I. Vavilov in 1927

•Cultivars or Farmers varieties•Crop wild relatives•Domestic animals•Wild plants, animals and microbial genetic resources

33

Conference in Beltsville, 1972, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) recommended formation of PGRC

• Ethiopia was given highest priority to establish PGRC

• In 1973, Ethiopia requested Germany for feasibility study

• In 1994, feasibility study was undertaken by German Ministry of Economic Cooperation

• In 1976 PGRC was established, bilateral agreement was signed between Ethiopia and Germany

• GTZ was assigned from the German side and a Director was assigned from the Ethiopian side

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Objectives of PGRC/E

To promote the collection, evaluation, documentation and scientific study of crop germplasm in Ethiopia, East Africa and adjacent regions;

To preserve germplasm on the base of long-term storage;

To Provide germplams for breeding programmes aimed at the development of such characters as higher yield, better quality, disease and pest resistance;

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In 1989 UNEP established a Group of Expert to draft biodiversity document.

That paved the way to the birth of the Convention on Biological Diversity at Rio de Janeiro Conference in 1992.

Ethiopia had, therefore, promoted PGRCE to the Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (IBC) in 1994.

Then, the Institute of Biodiversity Conservation caters for plants, animals and microbial genetic resources.

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Mandate of IBCMandate of IBC• Conservation of Genetic Resources and Conservation of Genetic Resources and

associated Traditional Knowledgeassociated Traditional Knowledge

• Sustainable use of Genetic ResourcesSustainable use of Genetic Resources

• Fair and equitable share of benefits Fair and equitable share of benefits accrued from commercial use of Genetic accrued from commercial use of Genetic Resources and Traditional KnowledgeResources and Traditional Knowledge

• Conservation researchConservation research

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Structure of IBCStructure of IBC

• Director GeneralDirector General• Deputy Director GeneralDeputy Director General• 10 Technical Departments10 Technical Departments• 2 Technical Services2 Technical Services• 5 Supportive Services5 Supportive Services• 212 staff members212 staff members

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Departments and ServicesDepartments and Services Crop Genetic ResourcesCrop Genetic Resources Horticulture Genetic ResourcesHorticulture Genetic Resources Forest and Aquatic Plant Genetic ResourcesForest and Aquatic Plant Genetic Resources Medicinal Plant Genetic ResourcesMedicinal Plant Genetic Resources Forage and Pasture Genetic ResourcesForage and Pasture Genetic Resources Animal Genetic ResourcesAnimal Genetic Resources Microbial Genetic ResourcesMicrobial Genetic Resources Ethnobiology Ethnobiology EcosystemEcosystem BiotechnologyBiotechnology Genebank and Herbarium ServiceGenebank and Herbarium Service Information and Documentation ServiceInformation and Documentation Service Other Supportive ServicesOther Supportive Services

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Main ActivitiesMain ActivitiesCollectionCollection• Ex-situEx-situ conservation conservation

◦ ◦ Cold storage -10 ºC, + 4 ºCCold storage -10 ºC, + 4 ºC• 60585 accessions (about 210 60585 accessions (about 210

species)species)

-- 56019 Field crops56019 Field crops

-- 4566 (Horticultural, Forage, 4566 (Horticultural, Forage, Forestry and Medicinal Forestry and Medicinal

plants) plants)

-- 650 (Microbial spp. at -80 ºc)650 (Microbial spp. at -80 ºc)

10101010

◦◦Field GenebankField Genebank

◦ ◦ 8936 accessions of Horticulture 8936 accessions of Horticulture (13 species, two Field genebanks) (13 species, two Field genebanks) ◦ ◦ 24 Forestry species24 Forestry species ◦ ◦ 568 accessions of Medicinal plants (two Field568 accessions of Medicinal plants (two Field genebanks)genebanks) ◦ ◦ 159 accessions of Forage and Pasture (about 22 spp.) 159 accessions of Forage and Pasture (about 22 spp.)

• In-situIn-situ Conservation Conservation ◦ ◦ 4 species of Forest4 species of Forest ◦ ◦ 337 species of Medicinal plants (24 spp. 337 species of Medicinal plants (24 spp. endemic to Ethiopia)endemic to Ethiopia)

◦ ◦ Community based Community based in-situin-situ

◦ ◦ 400 farmers’ var. of about 22 Field400 farmers’ var. of about 22 Field

Crops (12 Community Genebanks)Crops (12 Community Genebanks)

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Documentation of Indigenous KnowledgeDocumentation of Indigenous Knowledge• Indigenous Knowledge on farmers’ varieties Indigenous Knowledge on farmers’ varieties

from:from:• Bale Bale • North ShewaNorth Shewa• KefaKefa• IllubaborIllubabor• JimaJima• East shewaEast shewa

• Indigenous Knowledge of wild plant sppIndigenous Knowledge of wild plant spp

from:from:• Derashe and Kucha districtsDerashe and Kucha districts• Loma bosa districts, Dawro zone Loma bosa districts, Dawro zone

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• CharacterizationCharacterization

◦ ◦ 43367 accessions - Morphological (17 crops)43367 accessions - Morphological (17 crops)

◦ ◦ 4700 Biochemical (Proximate analysis)4700 Biochemical (Proximate analysis)

Protein, fat, mineral and fiber) Protein, fat, mineral and fiber)

of 15 cropsof 15 crops

◦ ◦ Molecular and Cytogenetic to be done in the Molecular and Cytogenetic to be done in the

near future near future

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Distribution of GermplasmDistribution of Germplasm • Local InstitutionsLocal Institutions

◦ ◦ 69272 Seed Samples of Field Crops69272 Seed Samples of Field Crops

◦ ◦ 1707 Seed Samples of Horticultural Crops1707 Seed Samples of Horticultural Crops

◦ ◦ 5855 Others (Medicinal, Forage and5855 Others (Medicinal, Forage and

Forestry) Forestry)

• International InstitutionsInternational Institutions

◦ ◦ 12463 Samples of Field Crops12463 Samples of Field Crops

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◦◦Database DevelopmentDatabase Development

-National Forest Area for Species-National Forest Area for Species

Conservation status assessmentConservation status assessment

-National database on Medicinal Plants-National database on Medicinal Plants

◦◦Inventory of Genetic resourcesInventory of Genetic resources

-36 Forest Areas-36 Forest Areas

◦◦National ReportsNational Reports

-Forage and Pasture Genetic Resources-Forage and Pasture Genetic Resources

-Domestic Animal Genetic Resources-Domestic Animal Genetic Resources

-Plant Genetic Resources for Food and -Plant Genetic Resources for Food and

Agriculture (to FAO)Agriculture (to FAO)

Other Conservation related activitiesOther Conservation related activities

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Legal IssuesLegal Issues Ratified/Adopted AgreementsRatified/Adopted Agreements

• Convention on Biological Diversity Convention on Biological Diversity (Pro. No. 98/1994)(Pro. No. 98/1994)

• International Treaty on Plant Genetic International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture Resources for Food and Agriculture (Pro. No. 330/2003)(Pro. No. 330/2003)

• Accession to IPGRI (Bioversity Accession to IPGRI (Bioversity International (19 May 2006)International (19 May 2006)

• Accession to Donor’s Council Accession to Donor’s Council

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International Activities

Convention on Biological Diversity• Negotiation on access and benefit-

sharing• Negotiation on Article 8(j)-Traditonal

knowledge associated with genetic resources

1717

Conservation Programme of Work• Forest biodiversity• Mountain biodiversity• Agrobiodviersity• Ecosystem approach• Traditional sites and lands occupied by

traditional waters• Animal biodiversity• etc.

International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture• Crop Diversity Trust

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LimitationsLimitations

• Duplicate Genebank decided to be Duplicate Genebank decided to be establishedestablished

• Capacity building for Molecular Capacity building for Molecular characterization is on plancharacterization is on plan

• Research on storage behaviour on Research on storage behaviour on planplan

• In vitro and Cryopreservation on planIn vitro and Cryopreservation on plan

1919