1 international standards in the multilateral trading system fruit and vegetables for the fresh...
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Fruit and VegetablesFruit and Vegetablesfor the Fresh Marketfor the Fresh Market
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
German Federal Agencyfor Agriculture and Food
Section Marketing Standards and Inspection
Ulrike Bickelmann
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Why marketing standards for fruit and vegetables?
f & v grow naturally
quality is influenced by cultivation, harvest, storage, handling and transport conditions
trading volume & price influenced by quality
producers & traders grade their produce to best serve the market
standards serve as a trading language
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Positive effects of standards
technical definition of quality parameters
labelling as a reference (address, country of origin, quality class )
reliability & credibility & profitability increased
contract without personal inspection by the buyer
transparency in the market
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Multiplication of positive effects
company (producer, trader)
region (producer association)
country (national standard)
two countries or more (international standard)
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Negative effects of national standards
valid for one country only
exporters have to meet the national standards of the different importing countries
importing countries should accept multiple export standards
trade is complicated and paved with conflicting regulations
barriers to trade established in national law
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Negative effects of national standards
National standards for potatoes
Class I Class II Out of grade
Germany 31 % 8 % 51 %
Germany (disc) 6 % 32 % 62 %
Austria 72 % 11 % 17 %
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Positive effects of international standards
developed and agreed by exporting and importing countries
technical barriers to trade avoided
market transparency increased
competition based on uniform minimum standards
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
UN/ECEUnited Nations - Economic Commission for Europe
Committee on Trade
Working Party on Agricultural Quality Standards
Fresh Fruit and Vegetables
Dry and Dried Fruit
Seed Potatoes
Meat
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Why UNECE Standards?
to define a common trading language
to fill the gap between food safety regulations and marketing
to define commercial quality for foodstuffs
to encourage high quality production
to protect consumer’s interests
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Process of elaborating a standard
Rapporteur prepares/amends text
Specialized Section discusses
text in detail
Specialized Section and Working Party agree to create/amend a standard
Working Party discusses text in general
UN/ECE StandardUN/ECE
Recommendation for a 2+1 year trial period
http://www.unece.org/trade/agr/welcome.htm
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
UNECE Standards enshrined in EU legislation
Council Regulation (EC) No 2200/96 on the common organisation of the market in fruit and vegetables
classification using common obligatory standards provides a reference framework that
encourages fair trading and market transparency
eliminates products of unsatisfactory quality from the market
helps to improve the profitability of production
standards take into account UNECE standards
standardisation can only be fully effective when applied, subject to exemption, at all marketing stages and on departure from the production region
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
European Union Marketing Standards
ApplesAvocadosCherriesCitrus fruit (oranges, lemons, mandarins)Hazelnuts in shellKiwifruitMelonsPeaches and NectarinesPearsPlumsStrawberries Table grapesWatermelonsWalnuts in shell
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
European Union Marketing Standards
ArtichokesAsparagusAuberginesBeansBrussels SproutsCarrots Cauliflower CourgettesCucumbersCultivated MushroomsGarlicHeaded CabbagesLeeksLettuces and Endives
OnionsRibbed CeleryPeasSpinachSweet PeppersTomatoesWitloof Chicory
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
European Union Marketing Standards
I. Definition of produce
II. Provisions concerning quality
- Minimum requirements - Maturity requirements - Classification
III. Provisions concerning sizing
IV. Provisions concerning tolerances
V. Provisions concerning presentation
VI. Provisions concerning marking
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
European Union Marketing Standards
Class Extra
Class I
Class II
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
European Union Marketing Standards
packer/dispatcher name of produce - variety/commercial typecountry of originquality classsize
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
European marketing standards
obligatory in all member states
obligatory at all marketing stages (including import and export)
conformity checks
in accordance with Regulation (EC) no. 1148/2001
at all levels of distribution
based on risk analysis and sampling
resentment based on national law of the member states
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Import Inspection in Germany - 2005
35,062 lots = 129,376 tonsof which 3 % rejections
because of
labelling deterioration
physiological defects skin defects cleanliness
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International Standards in the Multilateral Trading System
Thank you for attention!