1 isbn 0-471-13776-6 john wiley and sons. 2 introductionintroduction chapter 1
TRANSCRIPT
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ISBN
0-471-13776-6
John Wiley and sons
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IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction
Chapter 1
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Decisions can be made by a...
…and sometimes one can find them
very challenging...
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A Systematic Approach to
Decision Making was Developed
called -
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MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT SCIENCESCIENCE
MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT SCIENCESCIENCE
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provides a scientific, systematic approach to executive decision making.
Management Science
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What Is Management Science?
• Management Science is the discipline that adapts the scientific approach for problem solving to help managers make informed decisions.
• The goal of management science is to recommend the course of action that is expected to yield the best outcome with what is available.
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La recherche opérationnelle :
• n'est pas une science pour des chercheurs purs, car elle est axée sur la pratique
• est purement quantitative et utilisera donc des techniques quantitatives
• repose sur la construction de modèles• n'est pas une science exigeant des
qualités de leadership
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La recherche opérationnelle :
• est une aide pour la préparation de décisions
• se situe dans un environnement complexe
• est multidisciplinaire et repose sur un travail de groupe
• est performante lorsque la situation est complexe.
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Domaines d’application
Nous distinguons :
• des problèmes combinatoires
• des problèmes aléatoires
• des situations conflictuelles.
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Domaines d’application (2)
Problèmes combinatoires• optimisation de la production• problème de transport• problème d'affectation de personnel• problème du commis voyageur• problème d'affectation de fréquences radio
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Domaines d’application (3)
Problèmes combinatoires
• problème de la découpe optimale• problème de localisation et distribution• problème d'établissement d'horaire de cours• problème d'ordonnancement de tâches• organisation du travail dans un atelier
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Domaines d’application (4)
Problèmes aléatoires
• files d'attente• problème du stock économique• dimensionnement en construction (risques de
rupture)• usure et renouvellement (phénomènes de
survie)• planification stochastique
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Domaines d’application (5)
Situations conflictuelles• "jeux" entre adversaires• décisions collectives d'un jury (globalisation
des préférences)• achat d'un nouveau matériel (computer, Jeep)• gestion du personnel (multicritère)
• organisation des fichiers (multicritère).
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Utilisation des méthodes quantitativesJamais De temps en temps Fréquemment
Statistique 1.6% 38.7% 59.7%
Simulation 12.9% 53.2% 33.9%
PERT 25.8% 53.2% 21.0%
Programmation linéaire 25.8% 59.7% 14.5%
Files d'attente 40.3% 50.0% 9.7%
Programmation non linéaire 53.2% 38.7% 8.1%
Programmation dynamique 61.3% 33.9% 4.8%
Théorie des jeux 69.4% 27.4% 3.2%
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Management Science
Success Stories
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•Burger King uses Linear Programming to find how to best blend cuts of meat to minimize costs.
•American Air Lines used an Integer Linear Programming model to determine an optimal flight schedule.
•Sony Corp. developed an onboard navigation system (giving directions to car drivers) using the Shortest Route Algorithm.
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• Project Scheduling Techniques were used by a contractor to rebuild Interstate 10 damaged in the 1994 earthquake in the Los Angeles area.
• Decision Analysis approach was the basis for the development of a comprehensive framework for planning environmental policy in Finland.
• Queuing models are incorporated into the overall design plans for Disneyland and Disney World, which lead to the development of ‘waiting line entertainment’ in order to improve customer satisfaction.
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Contents of the Course
• Introduction• The Management Science Proces• Linear Programming• Integer Linear Programming• Queuing Models• Simulation• Multicriterion Decision Making
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Course objectives
From studying this course the student should...
• Gain familiarity with management sience concept.
• Gain skills in quantitative decision making.
• Improve overall knowledge of business.
• Improve communication skills.
• Gain better familiarity with the computer.