1 japan helicopter society briefing – april 17, 2009 international helicopter safety team overview...
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1Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
International Helicopter Safety TeamOverview Briefing
Mark Liptak FAA ASA-100IHST Program Director
2Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Today’s Objectives
• The case for change in helicopter safety
• IHST program status - US and worldwide efforts
• Basics of analysis and implementation processes
• Basics of analysis findings - US fleet accident data set
• Invite stakeholders in Japan to consider working with us
3Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Worldwide Helicopter Accidents per Year1991 to 2005
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Year
Acc
iden
t C
ount
US Military US Civil Non US Civil and Military
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05
Year
Acc
iden
t C
ount
US Civil US Military Non US Civil and Military
Source - Bell Helicopter
We have a worldwide problem!
4Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
September 2005 – Montreal
International Helicopter Safety Symposium (IHSS)
300 attendees from the worldwide helicopter
community
Unanimous position reached – unacceptable trends
International Helicopter Safety Team (IHST) formed
5Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
IHST is a volunteer effort
Analysis and implementation processes developedby the IHST, used by international participants
Data sets (accident reports), analysts from industry and government formed and sustained locally
IHST assists with process training and standardization, international coordination
IHST coordinates performance metricsongoing data mining effortsseeking regional data sources (flight hours)
6Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Global outreach key to success
Worldwide Helicopter Fleet Distribution33598 aircraft
Mexico 343 1%
Others 3469 10%
South Africa 577 2%
United States 14269 43%
GCC 250 1%
India 150 0.4%Japan 786 2%
Europe 6860 20%
CIS 2000 6%
Canada 1887 6%
Brazil 1050 3%Australasia 1957 6%
Kick-off cpt
IHST Partner
Outreach efforts continue, seeking
partnerships in the Mid and Far East, CIS, Mexico and S. Africa updated Jan ‘09
7Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Worldwide Helicopter Fleet Distribution33598 aircraft
Mexico 343 1%
Others 3469 10%
South Africa 577 2%
United States 14269 43%
GCC 250 1%
India 150 0.4%Japan 786 2%
Europe 6860 20%
CIS 2000 6%
Canada 1887 6%
Brazil 1050 3%Australasia 1957 6%
Kick-off cpt
IHST Partner
Outreach efforts continue, seeking
partnerships in the Mid and Far East, CIS, Mexico and S. Africa updated Jan ‘09
Is this correct?
8Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
IHST is following a proven modelIHST (CAST)
Charters Activity
JHSAT (JSAT)Analyzes DataProposes most
effective interventions
JHSIT (JSIT)Assesses feasibility of
interventions works implementation
Continued data analysis,measure intervention
effectiveness
CAST=Commercial Aviation Safety Team JHSAT=Joint Helicopter Safety Analysis TeamJHSIT=Joint Helicopter Safety Implementation Team
9Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
~760
Accidents Avoided ~372
Fatalities/Serious Injuries Avoided source: Bell Worldwide Database
20
01
-20
05
avg 20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
US
Acc
ident
Rate
per
10
0,0
00
flig
ht
hours
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Year
Progressing Toward the 80% Goal
US Fleet Data
Trend projection if no action takenStart – 9.1Start – 9.1Per 100K hours
Goal – 1.8Goal – 1.8Per 100K hours
10Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
~1694
Accidents Avoided ~1132
Fatalities/Serious Injuries Avoided
source: Bell Worldwide Database
20
01
-20
05
avg 20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
20
12
20
13
20
14
20
15
20
16
Worl
dw
ide A
ccid
ent
Rate
per
10
0,0
00
flig
ht
hours
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Year
Progressing Toward the 80% Goal
Worldwide Fleet DataTrend projection if no action takenStart – 9.5Start – 9.5
Per 100K hours
Goal – 1.9Goal – 1.9Per 100K hours
11Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
This is a worldwide effort
All IHST participants using a process adapted from CAST.
Key attributes:
All recommendations directly rooted in accident data.
Regional ownership – - Data is owned and analyzed by those most familiar with
it. - Safety recommendations are implemented by teams
most familiar with local needs and challenges.
JHSAT and JHSIT lead teams responsible for training/coaching regional teams, measuring the results of the safety recommendations and implementation effectiveness.
12Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
U.S. Safety Coordination Program
Industry
International HelicopterSafety Team
(IHST)
Joint Safety Analysis Teams
(JHSAT)
Government
AHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceGESchweizerOperatorsBoeingALEAPratt Whitney
FAA• Aircraft CertificationNASA
US JHSAT and JHSIT Stakeholders
JHSATAHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceSchweizerBristowAir MethodsSilver State Helo LLCNASAFAA
U.S. Safety Coordination Program
Industry
International HelicopterSafety Team
(IHST)
Joint Safety Analysis Teams
(JHSAT)
Government
AHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceGESchweizerOperatorsBoeingALEAPratt Whitney
FAA• Aircraft CertificationNASA
Joint HelicopterSafety AnalysisTeam (JHSAT)
Joint HelicopterSafety Implementation
Team (JHSIT)
JHSITCHCHACEurocopterSikorskyPHIBristowArkansas Child HospAELASilver State Helo LLCLife Flight MaineBellFAA
U.S. Safety Coordination Program
Industry
International HelicopterSafety Team
(IHST)
Joint Safety Analysis Teams
(JHSAT)
Government
AHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceGESchweizerOperatorsBoeingALEAPratt Whitney
FAA• Aircraft CertificationNASA
US JHSAT and JHSIT Stakeholders
JHSATAHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceSchweizerBristowAir MethodsSilver State Helo LLCNASAFAA
U.S. Safety Coordination Program
Industry
International HelicopterSafety Team
(IHST)
Joint Safety Analysis Teams
(JHSAT)
Government
AHSHAIBellSikorskyEurocopterTurbomecaRolls RoyceGESchweizerOperatorsBoeingALEAPratt Whitney
FAA• Aircraft CertificationNASA
Joint HelicopterSafety AnalysisTeam (JHSAT)
Joint HelicopterSafety Implementation
Team (JHSIT)
JHSITCHCHACEurocopterSikorskyPHIBristowArkansas Child HospAELASilver State Helo LLCLife Flight MaineBellFAA
ALEA
Stakeholder participation is crucial to success
13Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
IHST Organization ChartExecutive Committee
Government Co- ChairFAA – Dennis Pratte
Industry Co- ChairHAI – Matt Zuccaro
Program DirectorFAA – Mark Liptak
DirectorBell Helicopter – Somen Chowdhury
SecretariatAHS – M. Rhett Flater
DirectorShell Aircraft – Robert Sheffield
DirectorHAC – Fred Jones
JHSAT Co-Chairs JHSIT Co-Chairs
DirectorEHEST– Jean-Pierre Dedieu
DirectorNASA – Dr. Amy Pritchett
DirectorEHA Representative – TBD
Regional Partners - Europe, Brazil, India, Australia, Canada, US
14Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
RefinementStandardization
IHST Safety InitiativeAnalysis, Implementation and Metrics Functional Structure
IHSTExecutive Committee
Canada JHSAT
JHSAT Accident Analysis Recommendations
JHSIT Implementation
Actions
Others
EHSAT
US JHSAT
Brazil JHSAT
India JHSAT
Canada JHSIT
Others
EHSIT
US JHSIT
Brazil JHSIT
India JHSIT
JHSAT Co-Chairs
JHSIT Co-Chairs
PerformanceMetrics
Accident Analysis Recommendations
turned into Implementation Actions
Accident Analyses Recommendations Implemented
15Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
IHSSFormed
ExcomFormed
US
Europe
Canada
TBD
Metrics
Metrics
Brazil
Australia
Mid East
To
day
Japan
CIS
1
2
3
4Regional Kickoff MeetingJHSAT Team Formed
Key:
Accident Dataset Established
JHSAT Report Complete5
6JHSIT FormedJHSIT Process Refined
1
1
1
1
1
E
E
E
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
7 JHSIT SEs complete8 JHSIT DIPs complete
5
54
6
6
7
7 8
8
5 6 7 8
India 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
IHST Program - Regional Process Tracking
5 6 7 84
35 6 7 84
2 35 6 7 84
2 35 6 7 84
2 35 6 7 84
Program staffing, sales, marketing, management, communications, international outreach
2
1
E Regional “exploratory” mtg
Metrics
1
1
16Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Why do we think our process will work?
Three Examples:
Commercial Aviation
OGP/Shell Aircraft
ALEA
17Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 '02
Broad implementation of VOR and DMERadar introduced at selected towersVickers-700 Turboprop (1953 in UK, 1956 US)DC-7 (1955), Lockheed Electra ATC centers RADAR and radio contact with cruise aircraft 1949-55
Pressurized Aircraft into fleet (L-049, DC-6 & B-377) Earliest ILS (Glide slope, LOC & markers)
Long-Range radar (Centers)Jet Engine; 707 (1958) & DC-8VOR/DME integrated into autopilot (precision approaches)Secondary radar
RNAV (processing VOR/DME & basic Instruments)GPWS, TCAS; Early automation
FMSCRM & 6-Axis Simulator & FDRWindshearCabin Safety
Maj
or
Fat
al A
ccid
ents
Per
Mil
lion
Dep
artu
res
FOQA/ASAP & ATC DataRJ RevolutionNew Large JetsCooperative safety agenda
Factors That Led To Breakthroughs inFactors That Led To Breakthroughs inMajor Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946Major Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 '02
Broad implementation of VOR and DMERadar introduced at selected towersVickers-700 Turboprop (1953 in UK, 1956 US)DC-7 (1955), Lockheed Electra ATC centers RADAR and radio contact with cruise aircraft 1949-55
Pressurized Aircraft into fleet (L-049, DC-6 & B-377) Earliest ILS (Glide slope, LOC & markers)
Long-Range radar (Centers)Jet Engine; 707 (1958) & DC-8VOR/DME integrated into autopilot (precision approaches)Secondary radar
RNAV (processing VOR/DME & basic Instruments)GPWS, TCAS; Early automation
FMSCRM & 6-Axis Simulator & FDRWindshearCabin Safety
Maj
or
Fat
al A
ccid
ents
Per
Mil
lion
Dep
artu
res
FOQA/ASAP & ATC DataRJ RevolutionNew Large JetsCooperative safety agenda
Factors That Led To Breakthroughs inFactors That Led To Breakthroughs inMajor Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946Major Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
46 50 54 58 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94 98 '02
Broad implementation of VOR and DMERadar introduced at selected towersVickers-700 Turboprop (1953 in UK, 1956 US)DC-7 (1955), Lockheed Electra ATC centers RADAR and radio contact with cruise aircraft 1949-55
Pressurized Aircraft into fleet (L-049, DC-6 & B-377) Earliest ILS (Glide slope, LOC & markers)
Long-Range radar (Centers)Jet Engine; 707 (1958) & DC-8VOR/DME integrated into autopilot (precision approaches)Secondary radar
RNAV (processing VOR/DME & basic Instruments)GPWS, TCAS; Early automation
FMSCRM & 6-Axis Simulator & FDRWindshearCabin Safety
Maj
or
Fat
al A
ccid
ents
Per
Mil
lion
Dep
artu
res
FOQA/ASAP & ATC DataRJ RevolutionNew Large JetsCooperative safety agenda
Factors That Led To Breakthroughs inFactors That Led To Breakthroughs inMajor Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946Major Fatal Accident Rates Since 1946
Large Transport Ops Rate Improvements
Source: cast.org
18Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Source: R. Sheffield, Shell Aircraft
19Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Airborne Law Enforcement Association Education Programs
• Began SMS training 2000• Accreditation Standards adopted 2005• Adopted IHST SMS Toolkit 2007• 480 people/year attend Regional Safety Seminars• 220 attended pre-conference courses in 2007• 1,100 people attend Annual Conference• Total membership – 3,600
Reduced accidents by 75% (21-6) from 1999-2007 by adoption of SMS methods
20Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
A look at some of the IHST’s work in the US
21Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
J HSAT Process Overview
CharterDevelopment
EstablishTeam
Select Data Set
ReviewNTSB
Docket Data
DevelopEvent
Sequence
IdentifyProblems
(what/why)
Develop Problem &
Intervention Statements
ScoreValidity,
Importance, Ability, Usage
Roll Up Problem and Intervention
Pairs
DevelopRecommendations
by Mission – Ranked by Frequency
TechnicalReview
&Expert
ValidationConflicts?
ReportResults
IHST
JHSIT
Identify Mission
Recommendationswith Fleet Wide
Applicability
Rank Fleet WideRecommendations
By Frequency
Yes
No
J HSAT Process Overview
CharterDevelopment
EstablishTeam
Select Data Set
ReviewNTSB
Docket Data
DevelopEvent
Sequence
IdentifyProblems
(what/why)
Develop Problem &
Intervention Statements
ScoreValidity,
Importance, Ability, Usage
Roll Up Problem and Intervention
Pairs
DevelopRecommendations
by Mission – Ranked by Frequency
TechnicalReview
&Expert
ValidationConflicts?
ReportResults
IHST
JHSIT
Identify Mission
Recommendationswith Fleet Wide
Applicability
Rank Fleet WideRecommendations
By Frequency
Yes
No
US JHSAT Process Overview
22Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
US Accident Analysis Overview:
197 accidents analyzed; covered a wide spectrum of helicopter operations – 15 basic mission types identified.
1200+ scored problem statements/intervention findings developed
US JHSAT refined the problem statement/intervention findings into:
7 foundational recommendation areas for the US fleet
125 specific recommendations for 15 mission types
2001 analysis almost complete, 174 additional accidents
23Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Ranked US Fleet-wide Recommendations
1. Safety Management
2. Training
3. Systems and Equipment
4. Information
5. Maintenance
6. Regulatory Recommendations
7. Infrastructure
Detailed problem/solution info for 15 missions also developed
24Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
US Fleet– CY2000 Data
25Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Accidents in which Problem Category was Cited at least Once
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Pilot J
udg/Ac
tion
Data iss
ues
Safe
ty M
gmt
Pilot S
A
Groun
d Dut
ies
Mission Ri
sk
Part/
Sys F
ail
Maint
enan
ce
Post-cra
sh Sur
viv
Com
mun
icatio
ns
Regu
lato
ry
Safe
ty Sys
& Eqp
t
Infra
stru
ctur
e
Person
nel-n
onCr
ew
Num
ber
2000
2001
26Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
NTSB Phase of Flight-2000 vs 2001
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
Stan
ding
Groun
d
Climb
Cruise Ta
xi
Take
off
Desce
nt
Appr
oach
Emer
g Des
c/Ln
dg
Emer
g Ln
dg
Land
ing
misc
%2000
%2001
27Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Light Conditions x IMC/VMC
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Daylight
Dusk>Dawn
Night
Night/Bright
Night/Dark
Number
VMC
IMC
2001 accident data
28Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Intervention Categories (2000 vs 2001)
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
Data/
Info
rmat
ion
Infra
stru
ctur
e
Maint
enan
ce
No re
com
men
datio
n
Regul
ator
y
Safe
ty M
gmt
Syst
ems an
d Eq
uip
Traini
ng/In
stru
ct
% o
f In
terv
en
tion
s I
D'e
d
29Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Moving from analysis to implementation
Analysis team results passed to an implementation team
Joint Helicopter Safety Analysis Team (JHSAT)Joint Helicopter Safety Implementation Team (JHSIT)
JHSAT JHSIT
The JHSIT is responsible for receiving the recommendations,ranking them against specific criteria and developingdetailed implementation plans
30Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Review JHSAT Recommendations & Assign Number
JHSAT Overall Effectiveness
Value (OE)
Assign JHSIT Average
Feasibility Value
Prioritize Recommendations
(OE x F)
Group Recommendations
By Common Theme
Prepare Preliminary
Safety Enhancement
Plan
Prepare Detailed Safety
Implementation Plan
Execute and Monitor Progress
Of Safety Implementation
Plan
Initiate Top Level Safety Intervention Actions (e.g. promoting IHST, SMS, Infrastructure changes)
IHST Approval
IHST Approval
U.S. JHSIT PROCESS FLOW
31Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
US Implementation Challenges
Target audience is the 1 to 5 ship operators
IHST/JHSIT not staffed to interact with 1000+operators
Need to leverage system and infrastructure channels to influence change
32Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
The IHST challenge – reaching small and medium sized operators
HAI Survey Data
Identifying the target audience
33Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
1 to 5 ship operators
Insurance
Maintainers Trainers IndustryPubs
FSDO
Pathways to Influence Change in the US
ABC Groups
AccreditationProgs
We need to find high leverage means to influence the small ops community
OEMs
34Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Conclusions:
We have a problem – Unanimity in the worldwide helicopter community; long term accident trends are unacceptable.
We know how to fix it – Using a data driven, stakeholder consensus process we’ve identified the drivers behindhelicopter accidents. Implementation of SMS, training, information and maintenance enhancements are thetop priority targets. Demonstrated benefits in OGP, EMS, ALEA and other well funded and managed operations. Effectivenessmeasures will be used.
We can’t do it alone – Any entity with accident data willing to use the IHST analysis and implementation process is a viable candidate to join this worldwide initiative.
35Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009
Request:
IHST seeks to engage helicopter industry stakeholders in JapanManufacturersOperatorsRegulatorsResearchers
Next considerations:Identify responsible leadersIdentify an accident datasetLearn the IHST analysis process
Program resources, timing, implementation actions come under local (Japanese) ownership, day to day work not managed by IHST
However, the basic analysis and implementation process developed by the IHST should be used to develop outputs compatible with the overall IHST effort
36Japan Helicopter Society briefing – April 17, 2009