1. kugk; gupzhkkk; - padasalai.net-10th study materials
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gFjp-m
1. nkz;ly; Njhl;lg; gl;lhzpr; nrbapy; (igrk; rl;iltk;) 7 tifahd khw;w cUt NtWghLfisf; fz;lwpe;jhu;. fPo;fz;ltw;wpy; xU tif NtWghL khwpAs;sJ. vJntdf; fz;Lgpb. jz;L mikg;G – nkd;ikahdJ> fbdkhdJ. 2. Mjpkdpjd; Njhd;wpaJ – Mg;gpupf;fh. 3. fPo;fz;ltw;Ws; vJ ghuk;gupaj; jd;ik nfhz;lJ? – fUr;nry;ypy; kugZ khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lit. 4. ,aw;ifj; Nju;T Nfhl;ghl;il ntspapl;ltu; - rhu;y]; lhu;tpd;. 5. clw;nry; rpfpr;ir Kiw vd;gJ – clw;nry;ypy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. 6. jha;> je;ij ,UtUk; jq;fspd; kuGg; nghUshd ________ %yk; gz;G flj;Jjypy; rup
gq;fspf;fpd;wdu;. – DNA. 7. capupdj;jpd; Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;GfSf;F ________ vd;W ngau;. – gPNdhilg;. 8. _________ %yk; ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; capupdq;fspy; NtWghLfis ed;F czu
KbAk;. – ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;fk;. 9. clYWg;G gad;ghL tpjpiaf; $wpatu; - [Pd; ghg;jP]; ykhu;f;. 10. _________ tiuaiw nehjpfs; DNA it ntl;l cjTfpd;wd. – vd;Nlh epA+f;spNa];. 11. tpdpfu; cw;gj;jpf;F gad;gLk; mkpyk; - mrpl;bf; mkpyk;. 12. jLg;G+rp Kjd;Kjyhf ve;j itu]pw;F vjpuhff; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ – n`g;gill;b]; B. 13. ghuk;gupag; gz;G flj;jiy Kjd;Kjypy; ntspapl;ltu; - nkz;ly;. 14. nkz;ly; xU gz;G fyg;gpy; fpilj;j nel;il> Fl;il nrbfspd; tpfpjk; - 3:1. 15. kuGg;nghwpapaypy; ntl;lg;gl;l DNA Jz;il xl;l cjTk; nehjp – DNA iyNf];. 16. vj;jid Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; N`hNkh vuf;l]; kdpju;fs; Njhd;wpdu; - 1.5 kpy;ypad;. 17. ciwgdpf; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j Kd;Ndhb kdpju;fs; - Mu;f;fp N`hNkh nrgpad;];. 18. capupay; tpidA+f;fpfs; vd miof;fg;gLgit – nehjpfs;. 19. fUf;Nfhsj;jpy; NtWghL milahj epiyapypUe;J gpupj;njLf;fg;gl;l nry;fs; - %yr;nry;fs;. 20. ngu;dPrpa]; ,uj;jNrhifia Fzg;gLj;j cjTk; itl;lkpd; - itl;lkpd; B12 21. nkz;ly; xU gz;G fyg;G Nrhjidapy; J}ag; gz;Gfshf fUjg;gLgit – nel;il> Fl;il. 22. kdpjdpd; Kd;Ndhbfs; - N`hkpdpl;Lfs;. 23. jLg;G+rp vd;w nrhy;iy cUthf;fpatu; - vl;tu;l; n[d;du;. 24. gpul;dpnrNyhd; vd;w ];Buha;L kUe;Jfs; vjpypUe;J jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd – iuNrhg]; G+Q;ir. 25. FNshdpq; Kiwapy; lhyp vd;w Ml;il cUthf;fpatu; - lhf;lu;. Iahd; tpy;Kl; - 1996.
gFjp-M 26. nkz;ly; jd; Ma;tpy; Njhl;lg; gl;lhdpr; nrbapd; cauk; vd;w gz;gpid Xq;F gz;ghf ,Ug;gijf; fz;lwpe;jhu;. mNj Nghy; ehtpid cUisahf cUsr; nra;jy; kdpjupy; Xq;F gz;ghFk;. 60 khztu;fs; cs;s xU FOtpy; 45 khztu;fshy; ehtpid cUsr; nra;a KbAk;. 15 khztu;fs; mt;thW nra;a ,ayhjtu;fs;. m) Nkw;$wpa #o;epiyapy; ,e;jg; gz;gpd; Xq;F kw;Wk; xLq;F gz;gpd; tpfpjj;ijf; fzf;fpLf. M) Njhl;lg; gl;lhdpr; nrbapy; nkz;ly; tpsf;fpa xU gz;G fyg;gpdj;ij tiugl tbtpy; vOJf.
1. kuGk; gupzhkKk;
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m) nkhj;j khztu;fs; = 60 Ngu; ehtpid cUsr; nra;gtu;fs; = 45 Ngu; ehtpid cUsr; nra;a ,ayhjtu;fs; = 15 Ngu; Xq;F gz;gpd; rjtPjk; = 45/60X100=75%
xLq;F gz;gpd; rjtPjk; = 15/60X100=25% Xq;F kw;Wk; xLq;F gz;gpd; tpfpjk; = 75 : 25 (3:1)
M) ngw;Nwhu;
nel;il(TT) X Fl;il (tt) F1 jiyKiw
nel;il (Tt) F1 jw;fyg;G
nel;il (Tt) X nel;il (Tt) F2 jiyKiw
nel;il(TT) nel;il (Tt) nel;il (Tt) Fl;il (tt) Gwj;Njhw;w tpfpjk; = 3:1
27. flj;jf; $ba gz;Gfs; jd; rpw;wpdj;jpw;Fs;Sk;> Ngupdj;jpw;Fs;Sk; khWgLk;. fPo;fhZk; gz;Gfs; vj;jifa khWghLfs; cs;sJ vdf; Fwpg;gpLf. m) kdpjf; fz; epwk; ePyk;> fWg;G> gOg;G> gr;ir vd khWgLfpwJ. ,t;tif khWghL rpw;wpd capupdq;fSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; khWghL vdg;gLk;. M) Kay;> ahid Nghd;wtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; gy; mikg;G khWgl;Ls;sJ. ,t;tif khWghL ,U NtWgl;l rpw;wpdq;fSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; khWghL vdg;gLk;.
28. ,Ughy; capupfspilNa Njhd;Wk; mjd; jiyKiw> Fwpg;gpl;l jd;ikAila> ed;F njupaf;$ba NtWghLfSld; ,Uf;Fk;. ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;f Kiw cUthFk; jiyKiwfs; Fiwe;j msNt khWghLfSld; fhzg;gLk;. m) Nkw;$wpa $w;iw Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwPu;fsh? M) fPo;fhZk; capupfspy; ghypyh,dg;ngUf;f Kiwapy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; capupfs; ahit? (ghukPrpak;> A+f;spdh> kz;GO> gwit) m) Mk;. Nkw;$wpa $w;iw Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. M) ghukPrpak;> A+f;spdh
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29. ghuk;gupak; rhu;e;j rpy Kf;fpa thu;j;ijf; Fwpg;Gfs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws; rupahdtw;iwj; Nju;e;njL. m) [Pd; fhuzpfs; ,aw;gpay; rhu;e;j ghuk;gupaf; fhuzpfs; MFk;. M) my;ypy; vd;gJ xNu [Pdpd; khw;W ntspg;ghL MFk;. ,) my;ypNyhkhu;Gfs; my;ypy;fSf;fpilNa vjpu; gz;gikg;G MFk;.
30. clw;nry;ypy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; mLj;j jiyKiwfSf;Ff; flj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,dr;nry;ypy; Vw;gLk; khWghL jiyKiwf;Ff; flj;jg;gLtjhFk;. `PNuh\pkh mZFz;L tPr;rpd; fjpupaf;fk; jiyKiw> jiyKiwahff; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. Nkw;$wpa ,f;$w;iwg; gFj;jha;e;J> eP njupe;J nfhz;lij vOJf. tpe;jZ my;yJ mz;lmZ Nghd;w ,dg;ngUf;fr; nry;fspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; mLj;jLj;j jiyKiwfSf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. MfNt P̀Nuh\pkh mZFz;L tPr;rpd; fjpupaf;fk; ,dr;nry;fspy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. mj;jifa khw;wq;fs; mLj;jLj;j jiyKiwfSf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpd;wd. 31. Mjp kdpjd; Kjy; jw;fhy kdpjd; tiu nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s kdpj ,dq;fis tupirgLj;jTk;. 1. N`hNkh N`gpyp]; 2. N`hNkh vuf;l]; 3. epad;lu;jhy; kdpjd; 4. N`hNkh nrgpad; 32. capupnjhopy; El;gtpay;> capupaypd; jw;Nghija mwptpay; MFk;. ,jd; mbg;gilj; njhopy;El;g cjtpahy; gy;NtWg;gl;l nghUl;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. nfhLf;fg;gl;ltw;wpy; vf;FO capup njhopy;El;g Kiwapy; jaupf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. fz;lwpe;J fhuzk; $W. ,) vjpu;capup nghUl;fs;> `hu;Nkhd;fs;> ];Buha;L> jLg;G+rpfs; fhuzk;: vjpu;capup nghUl;fs; kdpj clypy; Ez;Zapupfspd; jhf;Fjypd; NghJ jahupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 33. xNu khjpupahd ,ul;ilau;fs; FNuhNkhNrhk; mikg;gpYk; xj;jpire;jtu;fs;. fPNo Fwpg;gpl;litfis jFe;j thu;j;ij nfhz;L KOikgLj;J. m) xNu khjpupahd ,ul;ilau;fs; ,aw;ifahd ,ul;ilau;fs;. M) xNu khjpupahd ,ul;ilau;fs; xNu khjpupahd mikg;ig cilatu;fs;.
34. ,e;jpah> =yq;fhtpy; thOk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l tif jtisapd; %jhijau; xUtNu. Mdhy; jw;NghJ ,e;jpah> =yq;fhtpy; fhzg;gLk; mNj ,dj; jtisfs; jdpr; rpw;wpdkhfp cs;sd. m) Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l tiuglj;jpd; mikg;gpy; vf;fhuzp ,j;jtis ,dj;jpYs;s jdpr; rpw;wpdkhf;fp cs;sJ? M) Gjpa rpw;wpdk; cUthjYf;fhd gpw fhuzpfis vOJf. m) ,e;jpah> =yq;fhtpy; thOk; jtisfs; Gtp mikg;ghy; gpupf;fg;gl;L jdpr; rpw;wpdkhfp cs;sd. M) [Pd; mikg;G khw;wk; my;yJ kugpa efu;T> ,dg;ngUf;ff; fhuzpfs;.
35. m) ,g;glj;jpYs;s ML ve;j Kiwapy; cUthff;fg;gl;lJ? ,jd; ngau; vd;d? M) Nkw;fz;l Nrhjidia nra;j mwptpay; mwpQu; ahu;?
m) glj;jpYs;s ML FNshdpq; Kiwapy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,jd; ngau; lhyp MFk;. M) FNshdpq; Nrhjidia lhf;lu;. Iahd; tpy;Kl; 1996 Mk; Mz;L nra;jhu;.
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36. gPNdhilg;> [PNdhilg; NtWgLj;Jf.
gPNdhilg; [PNdhilg;
Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;Gfisf; Fwpf;Fk;. v.fh: nel;il> Fl;il
FNuhNkhNrhk; my;yJ [Pd; mikg;igf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
37. gupzhkk; vd;why; vd;d? gupzhkk; vd;gJ vspa capupfspypUe;J Nkk;gl;l jd;ik nfhz;l capupfshfg; gbg;gbahf Vw;gLk; khw;wk; MFk;. 38. FNshdpq; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; tiffis tptup? Gwj;Njhw;wk; kw;Wk; kuGg; gz;Gfspy; xj;j capupdq;fis cUthf;FtJ FNshdpq; vdg;gLk;. tiffs;: 1. ,aw;ifahdJ: Njhw;wj;jpy; xNu khjpupahd ,ul;ilau;fs; ,aw;ifapy; Njhd;WtJ. 2. J}z;lg;gl;lJ: nraw;if Kiwapy; cl;fU khw;wj;jpd; %yk; ngwg;gLtjhFk;.
39. %yr;nry;fs; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; tiffs; ahit? %yr;nry;fs; vd;gJ khWghL milahj xU nry; FOkkhFk;. tiffs;: 1. fUtpd; %yr;nry;fs; 2. Kjpu;e;j my;yJ cly %yr;nry;fs;
40. kugZf;fspy; Vw;glf;$ba FiwghLfis ,d;iwa mwptpay; tsu;r;rpapd; %yk; Fzg;gLj;jyhk;.
m) Nkw;$wpa rpfpr;ir Kiwia tpsf;Ff. M) mk;Kiwapd; tiffs; ahit? m) kugZ topahfNth kw;Wk; ngwg;gl;l Neha; FiwghLfSf;F fhuzkhd [Pid Gjpa [Pid GFj;Jjy; my;yJ [Pid rupnra;jy; %yk; Fzg;gLj;jyhk;. ,k;Kiw kugZ kUj;Jtk; vdg;gLk;. M) tiffs;: 1. clw;nry; kugZ kUj;Jtk; 2. ,dr;nry; kugZ kUj;Jtk;
41. xNu khjpupahd mikg;Gila efy;fshf capupdq;fs; vd;Wk; miktjpy;iy. m) ,jw;F fhuzkhd epfo;tpid vOJf. M) ,e;epfo;tpd; tiffis tpsf;F. m) khWghLfs;. M) tiffs;: 1. clw;nry; khWghLfs;: clw;nry;fspy; Vw;gLk; khWghLfs; mLj;j jiyKiwf;Ff; flj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. 2. ,dr;nry; khWghLfs;: ,dr;nry;fspy; Vw;gLk; khWghLfs; mLj;j jiyKiwf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
42. nghUj;Jf: 1. nkz;ly; - igrk; rl;iltk; 2. rhu;y]; lhu;tpd; - ,aw;ifj; Nju;T 3. vl;tu;l; n[d;du; - jLg;G+rp 4. lhf;lu;.Iahd; tpy;Kl; - lhyp
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43. nghUj;Jf: 1. xU gz;G fyg;G - 3:1 2. [Pd; ghg;jP]; ykhu;f; - clYWg;G gad;ghL gw;wpa tpjp 3. gupzhkk; - kugpay; khw;wq;fspy; Njhd;Wk; NtWghLfs; 4. kdpj Kd;Ndhbfs; - N`hkpdpl;Lfs; 44. nghUj;Jf: 1. Ez;Zapup tsu;rpijkhw;wg; nghUs; - nehjpfs; 2. kUj;Jtg; nghUs; - ,d;Rypd; 3. fupk mkpyk; - rpl;upf; mkpyk; 4. fopTfs; Nkyhz;ik - er;Rf; fopTfs; 45. kuGg; nghwpapaypd; mbg;gilj; njhopy;El;gk; DNA it gyj; Jz;lq;fshf ntl;bAk;> ,j;Jz;lq;fis xl;litf;Fk; KiwAkhFk;. DNA Jz;lq;fis ntl;lTk;> xl;lTk; gad;gLk; nehjpfis vOJf. 1. tiuaiw nehjpfs; my;yJ nu];l;upf;rd; vd;Nlh epA+f;spNa]; vd;Dk; nehjp DNA it Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpapy; ntl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ. 2. DNA ypNf]; nehjp ntl;lg;gl;l DNA Jz;lq;fis xl;l itg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
46. glj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; X ,Y fz;lwpf.
X Y
X – G+r;rpfis cz;Zk; gwitapd; myF.
Y – GOf;fis cz;Zk; gwitapd; myF.
gFjp-M 47. kdpj gupzhkk; fle;j 15 kpy;ypad; Mz;Lfspy; Fwpg;gplj; jf;f khw;wq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf cs;sJ. m) tsu;r;rp gupzhkj;ij Mz;L rhu;e;J Kiwg;gLj;Jf. M) Muk;g fhy Fiffs; vg;NghJ Njhd;wpd? ,) Muk;g fhy N`hkpdpl;Lfs; tho;T Fwpj;J vOJf. m) 15 kpy;ypad; Mz;Lfs; - nfhupy;yh> rpk;gd;rp 3-4 kpy;ypad; Mz;Lfs; - N`hNkh N`gpyp]; 1.5 kpy;ypad; Mz;Lfs; - N`hNkh vuf;l]; 1 kpy;ypad; Mz;Lfs; - epad;lu;jhy; kdpjd; 75000 – 10000 Mz;Lfs; - N`hNkh nrgpad; M) Muk;g fhy Fiffs; 18000 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G Njhd;wpd. ,) 1. 3-4 kpy;ypad; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G kdpjd; Nghd;w N`hkpdpl;Lfs; fpof;F Mg;gpupf;fhtpw;F te;jdu;. 2. ,tu;fs; goq;fis cz;L> fw;fshy; Md MAjq;fisg; gad;gLj;jpdu;. 3. ehd;F mbfSf;F kpfhky; cauk; cila ,tu;fs; epkpu;e;j eil cilatu;fshf tho;e;jdu;. 4. ,tu;fs; N`hNkh N`gpyp]; vd;wiof;fg;gl;ldu;.
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48. jz;Lnry; cUthf;fk; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F mjpf ed;ikia mspj;Js;sJ. m) %yr;nry;fspd; tiffis tupirgLj;Jf. M) ];nlk; nry;ypd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfs; ahit? ,) clyr;nry;fs; vt;thW ngwg;gLfpd;wd?
m) %yr;nry;fspd; tiffs;: 1. fUtpd; %yr;nry;fs; 2. Kjpu;e;j my;yJ cly %yr;nry;fs;
M) ];nlk; nry;ypd; Kf;fpa gz;Gfs;: 1. %yr;nry;fs; rpwg;gilahj nry; FOkk; MFk;. ,it ikl;lhrp]; Kiwapy; gpsTw;W> kpf mjpf nry;fis cUthf;Fk; jd;ik cilad. 2. %yr;nry;fs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l nray;jd;ik cilaJ. v.fh: ,jaj;jir> ,d;Rypd; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; fizaj;jpd; gPl;lh nry;fs;.
,) cly %yr;nry;fs;: kdpjd; kw;Wk; cau; tpyq;Ffspy; vgpjPypaj;jpR> ,izg;Gj;jpR> jirj;jpR> ,uj;jf;Foy; Nghd;w ed;F NtWgLj;jg;gl;l jpRf;fspy; fhzg;gLk; NtWghL milahj nry;fs;. ,tw;iwg; gjpe;J tsu;r;rp Cf;Ftpf;fg;gl;lhy;> ,itfs; gpupe;J> ngUfp> tsu;e;J mNj Nghd;W jpR tsu;r;rpf;Fupa nry;yhf khWk;.
49. rpwg;gpdkhjy; %yk; cUthd Gjpa ,dq;fs; Vw;fdNt ,Ue;j ,dq;fspypUe;J cUthfpd;wd. rpwg;gpdkhjiy cUthf;Fk; fhuzpfs; vt;thW nray;gLfpd;wd? 1. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s kdpju;fspd; Gwj;Njhw;wk; Gtp mikg;gpw;F Vw;g khWgl;L cs;sJ. fz;lq;fspy; thOk; kdpju;fspYk; ,j;jifa khWghLfs; cs;sd. 2. Xu; ,dj;jpd; ,U $l;lj;jpdu; Gtp mikg;gpy; gpupf;fg;gl;L xd;Wf;nfhd;W jdpikgLj;jg;gl;lhy;> mtu;fs; jdp rpwpwpdkhfNt Mf;fg;gLtu;. 3. ,uz;L ,df;$l;lk;> Gtp> ,dg;ngUf;ff; fhuzpfs; Nghd;wtw;why; jdpikgLj;jg;gl;lhy;> ,tw;wpd; [Pd; mikg;Gk; khw;wk; ngw;W Gjpa rpw;wpdkhf khw;wg;gLfpwJ. 4. ,j;jifa jdpikg;gLj;Jjy; fhuzp Gjpa rpw;wpdk; cUthjYf;fhd #oiy Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. 5. MfNt rpw;wpdkhjy; vd;gJ xU ,dk; neLq;fhyj;jpw;F> Gtp> ,dg;ngUf;ff; fhuzpfs; Nghd;wtw;why; jdpikgLj;jg;gLtJ Gjpa rpw;wpdkhf khWgLk; epfo;T MFk;.
50. m) kuGg;nghwpapay; vd;why; vd;d? M) kuGg;nghwpapaypd; mbg;gilj; njhopy;El;gj;ij vOJf. ,) kuGg;nghwpapaypd; ed;ikfisf; $W. m) kuGg;nghwpapay;: capupapd; FNuhNkhNrhkpd; b.vd;.V tpy; Gjpjhf kugpay; jd;ikfis Nru;j;Njh> Fiwj;Njh khw;wk; nra;tjhFk;. M) kuGg;nghwpapaypd; mbg;gilj; njhopy;El;gk;: kuGg; nghwpapaypd; mbg;gilj; njhopy;El;gk; DNA it gyj; Jz;lq;fshf ntl;bAk;> ,j;Jz;lq;fis xl;litf;Fk; KiwAkhFk;. DNA Jz;lq;fis ntl;lTk;> xl;lTk; gad;gLk; KiwahFk;. 1. tiuaiw nehjpfs; my;yJ nu];l;upf;rd; vd;Nlh epA+f;spNa]; vd;Dk; nehjp DNA it Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpapy; ntl;Ltjw;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ. 2. DNA ypNf]; nehjp ntl;lg;gl;l DNA Jz;lq;fis xl;l itg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
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,) kuGg;nghwpapaypd; ed;ikfs;: 1. [Pdpd; mikg;G> nray;ghLfis mwpe;Jnfhs;Sjy;. 2. ,d;Rypd;> ,d;lu;nguhd;> kdpj tsu;r;rp `hu;Nkhd;> jLg;G+rp cw;gj;jp nra;jy;. 3. ep/g; [Pid ghf;Bupahtpw;F khw;wp iel;u[id kz;zpy; epiyepWj;Jjy;.
51. capupj;njhopy;El;gtpaypd; gad;ghLfs; ahit? 1. rhuhaj; njhopw;rhiy: nehjpj;jy; %yk; gPu;> xapd; Nghd;wit cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gad;gLfpwJ. 2. nehjpj; njhopy;El;gk;: nehjpfs; capupay; tpidA+f;fpfshFk;. fupk NtjpapaypYk;> kUe;J cw;gj;jp njhopypYk; gad;gLfpd;wd. 3. capu; vjpu;g;nghUl;fs;: clypy; Ez;ZapupfSf;F vjpuhf kUe;Jg;nghUs; cw;gj;jpf;Fg; gad;gLfpd;wd. 4. fupk mkpyq;fs;: tpdpfu; cw;gj;jp nra;a mrpl;bf; mkpyk; gad;gLfpwJ. 5. jLg;G+rpfs;: ,it Neha; vjpu; Njhd;wpahf nray;gl;L vjpu;g;Gg; nghUs; cw;gj;jpf;Fg; gad;gLfpd;wd. 6. ];buha;Lfs;: ];buha;Lfs; ypg;gpLfspypUe;J ngwg;gl;lit. v.fh: iuNrhg]; G+Q;irapypUe;J gpul;dpnrNyhd; vDk; ];buha;L ngwg;gLfpwJ. 7. khNdhFNshdpay; vjpu;g;Gg; nghUl;fs;: Gw;WNeha;f;F vjpuhfg; gad;gLk; vjpu;g;Gg;nghUshFk;.
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gFjp-m 1. rupahd eyj;jpd; gupkhzk; vJntdj; Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf. jpU K jpdKk; jd; flikapidr; nra;fpwhu; kfpo;r;rpahf cs;shu;. 2. r%fj;jpy; R%fkw;w gupkhzj;ij Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf. rhjhuz nray;fspYk; fLikahf ele;Jf; nfhs;fpwhu;. 3. fPo;fz;ltw;Ws; vJ ghf;Bupahthy; cz;lhFk; Neha;? - ,uz[d;dp. 4. fPo;fz;ltw;Ws; fhw;wpd; %yk; guTk; Nehapidf; fz;Lgpb. – fhrNeha;. 5. kpff; fLikahd kNyupahf; fha;r;riy cUthf;Fk; fpUkp. – gpsh];Nkhbak; ghy;rpghuk;. 6. ekJ czTf;Fly; gFjpapy; Neha; cz;lhf;Fk; Ez;Zapup – vd;lkPgh `p];lhiyl;bfh. 7. kiwKfkhf Neha; guTk; Kiw – Nehahspg; gad;gLj;Jk; clikfs;. 8. gpw capupfsplkpUe;J gpupj;njLf;fg;gl;l vjpu; nghUl;fs;> kdpjUf;F Neha;j; jLg;G+rpahfg; Nghlg;gLfpwJ. ,J vt;tif jLg;G+rp Kiw – nraw;ifahd ke;jkhd Neha; jLg;G Kiw. 9. gpwe;jf; Foe;ijf;F Kjypy; nfhLf;fg;gLk; Neha;j;jLg;G+rp – BCG. 10. fPo;fz;ltw;wpy; vjpu; Njhd;wp (Md;bn[d;) ,y;yhjJ vJ? – jha;g;ghy;. gFjp-M
11. xU rpwe;j ey tho;f;ifia tho> xt;nthU kdpjDk; ey;y cly;> kdk;> r%f epiyAld; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. m) ,jpy; VNjDk; xd;W FiwTgl;lhYk; mtu; Nehahsp vdg;gLtu;.
12. jkpo;nry;td;> epwf;FULj; jd;ikia mtu; je;ijaplkpUe;J ghuk;gupakhfg; ngw;Ws;shu;. ,jw;fhd fhuzpfs; kugpay; fhuzpfs; MFk;.
13. kuhRk]; kw;Wk; Fth\pNahu;fu; Neha;fs; Gujf; Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLfpwJ. ,jd; mwp;Fwpfshf KiwNa gUj;j tapW> Kfj;jpy; tPf;fk; MFk;. ,f;$w;Wr; rupah> jtwhf ,Ue;jhy; jpUj;jp vOJf. kuhRk]; kw;Wk; Fth\pNahu;fu; Neha;fs; Gujf; Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLfpwJ vd;Dk; $w;W rupahdJ. Mdhy; mwp;Fwpfs; jtwhdit. kuhRk]; mwp;Fwpfs;: vilf;FiwT> fLikahd tapw;Wg;Nghf;F> vYk;G kPJ Njhy; Nghu;j;jg;gl;lJ Nghd;w clyikg;G. Fth\pNahu;fu; mwp;Fwpfs;: gUj;j tapW> Kfk; kw;Wk; fhy;fspy; tPf;fk;.
14. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s clw;FiwghLfspy; jdpahd xd;iw jFe;jf; fhuzq;fSld; fz;lwpe;J vOJf. tpil: khiyf;fz;. fhuzk;: khiyf;fz; Neha; ghuk;gupa Neha; my;y. ,J cztpy; itl;lkpd; A Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLk; Neha; MFk;.
15. m) uk;ah <Wfspy; ,uj;jk; frpjy;> gy; MLjy; Nghd;w cghijfs; cs;sJ. Ma;e;jwpe;jjpy; ,it itl;lkpd; FiwghL vdf; fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. uk;ahtpw;F cztpy; ve;j itl;lkpd; FiwghL cs;sJ vd;gjidAk;> ,f;Fiwghl;L
2. Neha;j;jilf;fhg;G kz;lyk;
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Neha;f;fhd ngaiuAk; vOJf. M) (m) itl;lkpd;fs; (M) FiwghLfs; kw;Wk; (,) Neha; mwpFwpfis nghUj;Jf.
m M , itl;lkpd;fs; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; Neha; mwpFwpfs; v.fh: itl;lkpd; - A epf;NlhNyhgpah khiyf;fz; itl;lkpd; - B1 ];fu;tp euk;G FiwghL itl;lkpd; - C upf;fl;]; gw;fspy; ,uj;jf;frpT itl;lkpd; - D ,uj;jf;frpT vYk;Gfspy; fhy;rpak; FiwT itl;lkpd; - K ngupngup ,uj;jk; Fiwjy; tpil: m) <Wfspy; ,uj;jk; frpjy;> gy; MLjy; Nghd;w cghijfs; itl;lkpd;-C Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLk; mwpFwpfshFk;. itl;lkpd;-C Fiwghl;lhy; ];fu;tp vd;Dk; Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ. M)
m M , itl;lkpd;fs; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; Neha; mwpFwpfs; v.fh: itl;lkpd; - A epf;NlhNyhgpah khiyf;fz; itl;lkpd; - B1 ngupngup euk;G FiwghL itl;lkpd; - C ];fu;tp gw;fspy; ,uj;jf;frpT itl;lkpd; - D upf;fl;]; vYk;Gfspy; fhy;rpak; FiwT itl;lkpd; - K ,uj;jf;frpT ,uj;jk; Fiwjy; 16. ftpjhTf;F rhjhuzr; rsp> ftpjhtplk; eP vd;d Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;L ,e;Neha; cs;sij cWjpr; nra;tha;? m) cdf;F %f;F xOFjy; gpur;rid cs;sjh? M) cdf;F fha;r;ry; kw;Wk; jiytyp cs;sjh?
17. nghUj;Jf: 1. lTd; FiwghL - kugpay; Neha; 2. ntwpeha;f;fb - itu]; Neha; 3. njhONeha; - ghf;Bupa Neha; 4. kNyupah - GNuhl;NlhNrhth Neha;
18. nghUj;Jf: 1. ilgha;L - rhy;Nkhndy;yh ilgp 2. kNyupah - gpsh];Nkhbak; itthf;]; 3. fhrNeha; - ikf;Nfhghf;Bupak; bA+gu;FNshrp]; 4. ,d;GSad;rh - H1N1 itu];
19. tsu;rpijkhw;w Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fs; ahit? 1. ru;f;fiu Neha; 2. rpWePuf nraypog;G 3. cly;gUkd; 4. cau; ,uj;j mOj;jk;
20. fhrNehapd; mwpFwpfis vOJf. 1. grpapd;ik 2. neQ;Rtyp 3. njhlu; ,Uky; 4. ,utpy; tpau;j;jy;
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gFjp-,
21. fyh Foe;ij ngw;Ws;shu;. m) gpwe;j Foe;ijf;F Kjy; MW khjq;fSf;Fs; toq;f Ntz;ba Neha;j; jLg;G+rp ml;ltizia vOJf. M) ,j;jLg;G+rpfs; %yk; ve;nje;j Neha;fisj; jLj;jpl ,aYk;. m) jLg;G+rp ml;ltiz
t.vz; taJ jLg;G+rp msT 1. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;F BCG Kjy; jtiz 2. 15 ehl;fs; NghypNah nrhl;L kUe;J Kjy; jtiz 3. 6 tJ thuk; njhz;il milg;ghd;>
ff;Fthd; ,Uky;> nll;ld]; (Kj;jLg;G+rp)
Kjy; jtiz
4. 10 tJ thuk; Kj;jLg;G+rp kw;Wk; NghypNah 2 tJ jtiz 5. 14 tJ thuk; Kj;jLg;G+rp kw;Wk; NghypNah 3 tJ jtiz 6. 9 – 12 khjk; kPry;]; Kjy; jtiz 7. 18 – 24 khjk; Kj;jLg;G+rp kw;Wk; NghypNah Kjy; Cf;Ftpg;G jtiz 8. 15 khjk; – 2
tUlk; MMR Kjy; jtiz
9. 2 – 3 tUlk; ilgha;L 1 khj ,ilntspapy; ,U jtizfspy;
10. 4 – 6 tUlk; D.T kw;Wk; NghypNah ,uz;lhtJ Cf;Ftpg;G jtiz
11. 10 tJ tUlk; T.T kw;Wk; ilgha;L Kjy; jtiz 12. 16 tJ tUlk; T.T kw;Wk; ilgha;L 2 tJ jtiz
M) jLj;jpLk; Neha;fs;: BCG – fhrNeha; DPT (Kj;jLg;G+rp) – njhz;il milg;ghd;> ff;Fthd; ,Uky;> nll;ld]; MMR – Gl;lhyk;ik> kPry;];> &ngy;yh. DT – njhz;il milg;ghd;> nll;ld]; TT – nll;ld]; lhf;]ha;L
22. cq;fs; gFjpapy; kNyupah gutpAs;sJ. m) ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j cd; gFjpapd; cupa mYtyu;fSf;F jFe;j MNyhrid toq;Ff. M) kNyupahtpd; rupahd Neha; mwpFwpapidj; Nju;e;njLj;J vOJf. (Fspu;>eLf;fk; kw;Wk; fLq;fha;r;ry;> Ngjp) m) fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs;: 1. nfhRf; fbiaj; jLf;f Rfhjhu Kiwffs;> 2. nfhR tsu;r;rpiaj; jLf;f> ePu;j; Njq;fpapUf;Fk; ,lj;ij %LjYk;> rhf;filapy; ePu; Njq;fhky; ghu;j;Jf; nfhs;SjYk; Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. 3. nfhR tiyfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;> nfhR tpul;Lthd; %yk; nfhRf; fbiaj; jtpu;j;J kNyupah Neha; tuhky; jLf;fyhk;.
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4. Nkw;fz;l MNyhridfis vd; gFjp mYtyu;fSf;F toq;FNtd;. M) Fspu;> eLf;fk; kw;Wk; fLq;fha;r;ry;.
23. mf;Nlhgu; 15 if fOtpLk; ehshff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. m) cd; ez;gDf;F if fOTjypd; ed;ikfisf; $Wf. M) xU ehspy; ve;nje;j Neuq;fspy; if fOTjy; nra;tha;. m) if fOTjypd; ed;ikfs;:
m) iffOTjy; vd;gJ rpwe;j MNuhf;akhd gof;fkhFk;. iffOTtjpdhy; ek; ifapy; cs;s Ez;fpUkpfs;> khR kw;Wk; er;Rg; nghUs;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;G ngwyhk;. M) if fOTtjw;fhd Neuq;fs;: 1. xt;nthU KiwAk; rhg;gpLtjw;F Kd;Gk;> rhg;gpl;ljw;F gpd;Gk;. 2. czT gupkhWtjw;F Kd;G. 3. foptiwg; gad;ghl;bw;F gpd;G. 4. gy;NtW nghUl;fisf; ifahz;l gpwF. 5. tpisahl;bw;Fg; gpwFk; iffOTjy; MNuhf;akhd nray;ghL MFk;.
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gFjp-m
1. fPo;fz;l glj;ij tiue;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s VNjDk; 2 ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;. ( nry;cly;> Mf;]hd;> nld;l;uhd;> fpisj;j KbTg;gFjp )
nld;l;uhd;
nry;cly;
Mf;]hd;
fpisj;j KbTg; gFjpfs;
2. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s kdpj %isapy; gpd;tUk; nray;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; gFjpfs; KiwNa m kw;Wk; M vd;W Fwpf;f. m) Efu;jy; czUk; gFjp M) ghu;it czUk; gFjp
m) Efu;jy; czUk; gFjp ______
---------- M) ghu;it czUk; gFjp
3. nray;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sitfspy; rupahdf; $w;iwj; Nju;e;njL. tpe;jfq;fs; tpe;Jf;fisAk; Mz;l;Nuh[d; `hu;NkhidAk; cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd. 4. njhlu;gpd; mbg;gilapy; Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf. ijuhf;]pd; - MSik `hu;Nkhd; ml;updypd; - mtru fhy `hu;Nkhd; 5. fPo;fz;l $w;Wfs; jtwhf ,Ug;gpd; rupahdf; $w;wpid vOJf. 1. My;gh nry;fs; FSf;NfhfhidAk;> gPl;lh nry;fs; ,d;RypidAk; cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd. 2. mz;lfk; Kl;ilfisAk;> <];l;Nuh[idAk; cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wJ. 6. Fd;wy; gFg;G vd;gJ ,dr;nry; cUthf;Fk; xU epfo;T. Fd;wy; gFg;G eilngWk; nry;fisj; Nju;e;njL. ,dg;ngUf;f vgpjPypay; nry;fs;. 7. mkPghtpy; eilngWk; nry;gFg;G Kiw FNuhNkhNrhk; tiyg;gpd;dypy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;JtJ ,y;iy. 8. fPo;fz;ltw;Ws; rupahd xOq;fikT Kiwapidj; Nju;e;njL. nyg;NlhBd; irNfhl;Bd; ghf;fpBd; bg;Nshl;Bd; ilahifndrp]; 9. kpahrp]; nry;gpupjypy; Kf;fpa epfo;T FWf;Nf fyj;jy; MFk;. ,J eilngWk; epiy ghf;fpBd; 10. xw;iw Kid epA+uhd;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - fUthf;f euk;Gj;jpR. 11. czu; cWg;Gfspy; mlq;fpAs;sJ - ,UKid epA+uhd;fs;. 12. ekJ clypd; kdntOr;rpg; gpujp tpidfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; %isapd; gFjp- i`Nghjyhk]; 13. %isj; jz;bd; xU gFjpahf mike;Js;sJ vJ? – eL kw;Wk; gpd;%is. 14. jz;Ltl euk;Gfs; vd;git – fyg;G euk;Gfs;. 15. fOj;Jg; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; xU ehskpy;yh Rug;gp – ijuha;L Rug;gp. 16. vf;Nrhfpiud; kw;Wk; vz;Nlhfpiudhf nrayhw;Wk; ehskpy;yh Rug;gp vJ? – fizak;. 17. xt;nthU 100kp.yp ,uj;jj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,ay;ghd ,uj;j ru;f;fiuapd; msT – 80-120kp.fp. 18. Neha;j;njhw;Wjiyj; jtpu;f;Fk; ‘T’ ypk;Nghirl;Lfs; ve;j
3. kdpj cly;cWg;G kz;lyq;fspd; mikg;Gk; nray;ghLfSk;
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cWg;gpy; khWghL milfpd;wd? – ijk]; 19. kpahrp]; - 1 y; xj;jpirthd FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; N[hbAWjy; epiy – irNfhl;Bd;.
20. nghUj;Jf. 1. ngU%is - Ritawpjy; 2. rpW%is - elj;jy; 3. ghd;]; - cwf;fk; 4. KFsk; - ,jaj;Jbg;G
21. nghUj;Jf. 1. tsu;r;rp `hu;Nkhd; - Fs;sj;jd;ik 2. ml;updypd; - rz;il `hu;Nkhd; 3. Mf;]plhf;]pd; - Jupjg;gpwg;G 4. ADH - ilahngb]; ,dprpgpl];
22. nghUj;Jf. 1. nyg;NlhBd; - FNuhNkhNrhk; ePsthf;fpy; gpsj;jy; 2. irNfhl;Bd; - rpdhg;rp]; (N[hbAWjy;) 3. ghf;fpBd; - FWf;Nf fyj;jy; 4. bg;Nhsl;Bd; - xj;jpirthd FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; gpupjy;
23. euk;G kz;lyj;jpd; tiffs; ahit? 1. ika euk;G kz;lyk; (CNS) 2. GwmikT euk;G kz;lyk; (PNS) 3. jhdpaq;F euk;G kz;lyk; (ANS)
24. %is ciwfs; ahit? ika euk;G kz;lyj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;s %d;W ciwfSf;F %is ciwfs; (nkdpd;[];) vd;W ngau;. 1. kz;ilNahl;bw;F fPo; cs;s fbd ciw bA+uhNkl;lu;. 2. %isiar; #o;e;Js;s eLciw muf;dha;L ciw. 3. %is> jz;Ltlj;ijr; Rw;wp neUf;fkhf cs;s igahNkl;lu;. 25. kpahrp]; nry;gFg;gpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijf;$W. 1. ,dr;nry; xw;iwka FNuhNkhNrhk; ngw cjTfpwJ. 2. FWf;F fyg;gpd; %yk; NtWghLfs; Njhd;w cjTfpwJ. 3. gupzhkj;jpw;F %yg;nghUshf mikfpwJ. 26. %isapy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L gFjpahf cs;s gFjp vJ? – ngU%is. 27. euk;G kz;lyj;jpd; mikg;G kw;Wk; nray; myF ahJ? – epA+uhd;. 28. irl;Nlhgpshrk; gpupjy; vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ? – irl;Nlhifndrp];.
29. euk;G nry;fspd; tiffs; ahit? 1. kaypd; ciw mw;w rhk;gy; epA+uhd;fs;. 2. kaypd; ciw cila ntz;ik epA+uhd;fs;. 3. xUKid epA+uhd;fs; 4. ,UKid epA+uhd;fs; 5. gyKid epA+uhd;fs; 30. GwmikT euk;G kz;lyj;ijg; gw;wp vOJf. %is kw;Wk; jz;Ltlj;jpypUe;J cUthFk; euk;Gfs; GwmikT euk;G kz;lyj;ij mikf;fpd;wd. 1. %isapypUe;J 12 ,iz fghy euk;Gfs; cUthfpd;wd. 2. jz;Ltlj;jpypUe;J 31 ,iz jz;Ltl euk;Gfs; cUthfpd;wd.
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31. epA+uhdpd; mikg;igg; glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
nld;biul;Lfs ;------- epry; Jfs;fs;
cl;fU ------------ --------------- nry;cly;
irl;Nlhgpshrk; ------------- Nud;tpau; fZ
epA+upnyk;kh ------------------ ------------------ Mf;]hd;
------------------ fpisj;j KbTg; gFjp
32. %isapd; glk; tiue;J mjd; Kf;fpa gFjpfisf; Fwpf;fTk;.
------------------ ngU%is
eL%is -------------------------- ------------------------------- fhu;g]; fy;Nyhrk;
ghd;];-------------------- ---------------- rpW%is
KFsk;---------------------
glk;: %isapd; Kf;fpa gFjpfs; mikg;G
33. %isapd; glk; tiue;J mjd; nray;ghl;Lg; gFjpfisf; Fwpf;fTk;.
-------------------- njhL czu;T> mOj;jk;
,af;fk; ---------------------------- ------------------Rit
Ngr;R --------------------- ----------------- Nfl;ly;
Efu;jy;-------------------- ------------------- gbf;Fk; jpwd;
-------- ghu;j;jy;
glk;: %isapd; nray;ghl;Lg; gFjpfs; mikg;G
34. gpl;A+l;lup Rug;gpapd; cs;sikg;ig glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
-------------- ,d;gd;bGyk ;
mbNdhi`Nghigrp];------ --------------------- epA+Nuhi`Nghigrp];
glk;: gpl;A+l;lup Rug;gpapd; cs;sikg;G
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35. ijuha;L Rug;gpapd; glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
Fuy;tis ------------------------
ijuha;L -------------------
%r;Rf;Foy; ----------------------
glk;: ijuha;L Rug;gp
36. fizaj;jpd; glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
------------- fizak;
--------------------- fiza ehsk;
-------------------------- yhq;fu;`hd; jpl;Lfs;
glk;: fizak;
37. ml;updy; Rug;gpapd; glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
ml;updy; Rug;gp------ ------------------------------------------- ml;updy; fhu;nlf;];
rpWePufk;----------------- ------------------------------------ ml;updy; nkLy;yh
glk;: ml;updy; Rug;gp
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38. kdpj %isapd; gFjpfs; gw;Wk; mjd; nray;ghLfs;:
%isapd; gFjpfs; nray;ghLfs;
I. Kd;%is:
1. ngU%is m) ngU%isg;Gwzp (i) ,af;fg; gFjp
clypd; gy;NtW cWg;Gfspd; nray;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;> ,r;ir nray;fs;.
(ii) czu;Tg; gFjp czu; cWg;Gfs; czu;Tj;J}z;ly;fisg; ngWk; ,lk;.
(iii) ,izg;Gg; gFjp epidthw;wy;> jfty; gupkhw;wk;.
M) ntz;ikg;gFjp 1. euk;G ehupiofs; ngU%isapd; gy;NtW gFjpfis ,izj;jy;. 2. ngU%isia %isapd; kw;w gFjpfNshL ,izj;jy;.
2. jyhk]; czu;T> ,af;f czu;tiyfisf; flj;Jjy;.
3. i`Nghjyhk]; cly; ntg;gepiy> cz;Zjy;> ePu; gUFjy; Nghd;tw;wpw;fhd ce;Jjy;. ghYwT elj;ijia xOq;FgLj;Jjy;> fpsu;r;rp> Nfhgk;> gak;> J}z;Ljy; Nghd;w kdntOr;rpfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;.
II. eL%is: fhu;NghuhFthl;upn[kpdh
ghu;j;jypd; mdpr;ir nray;> ghu;itapd; rhu;G ,af;fj;ijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;> xOq;FgLj;Jjy;.
III. gpd;%is: 1. rpW%is
elj;jy;> XLjy; Nghd;w ,af;Fj;jirfspd; ,af;fq;fis xOq;FgLj;Jjy;.
2. ghd;]; ngU%isapypUe;J rpW%isf;F nra;jpfisf; flj;Jjy;. cwf;fk;> Rthrj;jpidf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;.
3. KFsk; NkNyWk;> fPopwq;Fk; euk;G ghijfspd; topj;jlk;. ,jaj;Jbg;G> ,uj;jf;Foy; RUf;fk;> %r;R tpLjy; Nghd;w nray;fis xOq;FgLj;Jk; mdpr;ir nray;fspd; ikak;.
39. ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; `hu;Nkhd;fs;> nray;fs;> FiwghLfs;:
ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfs; `hu;Nkhd;fs; nray;fs; FiwghLfs;
1. gpl;A+l;lup Rug;gp
mbNdhi`Nghigrp];
1. tsu;r;rp `hu;Nkhd; (GH) clypd; tsu;r;rpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ.
Fiw Rug;G-rpWtu;fspy; Fs;sj;jd;ik kpif Rug;G-rpWtu;fspy; mRuj;jd;ik ngupatu;fspy; mf;Nuhnkfyp
2. ijuha;ilj; J}z;Lk; `hu;Nkhd; (TSH)
ijuha;L Rug;gpapd; tsu;r;rpiaj; J}z;b ijuhf;]pd; cw;gj;jpiaj; J}z;Lk;.
3. ml;updy; Gwzpiaj; My;Nlh];Buhd;> fhu;l;bNrhd; cw;gj;jp nra;a ml;updy;
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J}z;Lk; `hu;Nkhd; (ACTH) fhu;nlf;i]j; J}z;Lk;.
4. Yl;bidrpq; `hu;Nkhd; (LH) ngz;fspy;
,ilaPl;L nry;fisj; J}z;Lk; `hu;Nkhd; (ICSH) Mz;fspy;
fpuhgpad; ghypf;fpspy; mz;lk; tpLgLjy;> <];l;Nuh[d;> GNuhn[];Buhd; cw;gj;jpiaj; J}z;Ljy;.
nl];Nlh];Buhd; `hu;Nkhidr; Ruf;f ,ilaPl;L nry;fisj; J}z;Ljy;
5. ghypf;fps; nry;fisj; J}z;Lk; `hu;Nkhd; (FSH)
ngz;fspy; mz;l Rug;gpapd; Kjpu;tiljiyj; J}z;b mz;l cw;gj;jpf;F topNfhYfpwJ. Mz;fspy; tpe;J cUthjiyj; J}z;LfpwJ.
6.Nyf;Nlhn[dpf; `hu;Nkhd; (LTH)
ghy; Rug;gpapd; tsu;r;rp> ghy; cw;gj;jpiaj; J}z;Ljy;.
epA+Nuhi`Nghigrp]; 1. Mf;]pNlhrpd; ngz;fspy; fUg;igia RUf;fpAk;> tpuptilar; nra;Jk; kfg;NgW epfo;r;rpiaj; Jupjg;gLj;JfpwJ.
2. thN]hgpu];]pd; / Md;b ilA+upl;bf; `hu;Nkhd; (ADH)
ePu; kPz;Lk; cwpQ;Rjiyj; J}z;b> mlu;j;jpahd rpWePiu cUthf;FfpwJ. ,uj;jf; Foy;fisr; RUq;fr; nra;J ,uj;j mOj;jj;ij cau;j;JfpwJ.
Fiw Rug;G ilahngb]; ,d;rpgpl]; vd;Dk; Nehia Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,jdhy; ePu;j;j rpWePiu mjpf msT ntspNaw;wfpwJ.
2. ijuha;L Rug;gp ijuhf;]pd; 1. tsu;rpij khw;w tPjj;ij cau;j;JfpwJ. 2. clypd; ntg;gj;ij mjpfupf;fpwJ. 3. jpR tsu;r;rp> khWghL miljiy Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ.
4. cly; tsu;r;rpia kiwKfkhf ghjpg;gjhy; MSik `hu;Nkhd; vdg;gLfpwJ.
5. ,uj;jj;jpy; mNahbd;> ru;f;fiu msit xOq;FgLj;JfpwJ.
6. rpWePuf nray;ghl;ilAk; rpWePu; Nghf;ifAk; fl;LgLj;JfpwJ.
1. i`Nghijuha;b]k;:
m) vspa fha;l;lu;: cztpy; mNahbd; gw;whf;Fiwahy; ,J Vw;gLfpwJ.
M) kpf;]pbkh: ,J ngupatu;fspy; Njhd;WfpwJ. Fiwe;j tsu;rpij khw;wtPjk;> vil $Ljy;> Njhy; fbdkhjy;> Fiwthd ,jaj;Jbg;G> kdr;Nrhu;T Nghd;wit mwpFwpfshFk;.
,) fpupl;bdprk;: ,J rpwpatu;fspy; Njhd;Wk;.Fs;sj;jd;ik> Fd;wpa kdtsu;r;rp> FiwghLila gw;fs;> jsu;thd Njhy; Nghd;wit mwpFwpfshFk;.
2. i`gu;ijuha;b]k;: kpif Rug;gpdhy; vf;Nrhg;jhy;kpf;fha;l;lu; my;yJ fpNutpd; Neha; Njhd;WfpwJ. kpifahd tsu;rpij khw;w tPjk;>
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cau; ,uj;j mOj;jk;> glglg;G> mjpfkhf tpau;j;jy;> vilFiwT> fisg;giljy;> gpJq;fpa fz;fs; Nghd;wit mwpFwpfshFk;.
3. yhq;fu;`hd;]; jpl;Lfs; (fizak;)
1. ,d;Rypd; 1.jpR mf;]pfuzj;jpw;fhf nry;fs; FSf;Nfhi] vLj;Jf; nfhs;tij Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. 2. FSf;Nfhi] fpisf;Nfh[dhf khw;wp fy;yPuy;> jirfspy; Nrkpf;fpwJ. 3. Gujk;> nfhOg;gpypUe;J FSf;Nfh]; cUthjiyj; jLf;fpwJ. 4. ,ay;ghd ,uj;j ru;f;fiu msthd 80-120 kp.fp/100 kp.yp cd;w msit guhkupf;fpwJ.
,jd; Fiwghl;lhy; ilahgB]; nky;ypl]; Njhd;WfpwJ. ,jpy; mjpfg;gbahd FSf;Nfh]; rpWePupy; ntspNaw;wg;gLfpwJ.
2. FSf;Nfhfhd; 1. ,J ,uj;jj;jpy; ru;f;fiuapd; msT FiwAk; NghJ Ruf;fg;gLfpwJ. 2. fpisf;Nfh[id FSf;Nfh]hf khw;wp ,uj;j ru;f;fiu msit cau;j;JfpwJ.
4. ml;uPdy; 1.ml;uPdy; fhu;nlf;];
1. My;Nlh];Buhd;
1. ePu;> Nrhbak; kPz;Lk; cwpQ;rg;gLjiy Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ.
2. nghl;lhrpak;> gh];gu]; madpfis fopTePf;fk; nra;J jhJcg;Gfspd; tsu;rpij khw;wj;ij guhkupf;Fk;. 3. vyf;l;Nuhiyl;Lfspd; rkepiy> clw;jput mlu;j;jp> rt;T+Lguty; mOj;jk;> ,uj;j mOj;jk; Nghd;wtw;iwg; guhkupf;Fk;.
2. fhu;lbNrhd; 1. fpisf;Nfh[id FSf;Nfh]hf khw;wp ,uj;j ru;f;fiu msit cau;j;JfpwJ. 2. Neha;j; jilfhg;Gj; Jyq;fiy kl;LgLj;JfpwJ.
2. ml;uPdy; nkLy;yh 1. ml;uPdypd; (vgpne/g;upd;)
2. ehu;ml;uPdypd; (ehu; vgpne/g;upd;)
1. ,it mtru fhy `hu;Nkhd; my;yJ gwf;Fk; rz;il `hu;Nkhd; vdg;gLfpd;wd. 2. ,jaj;Jbg;gpd; Ntfj;ij mjpfupf;fpd;wd. 3. tpopg;Gzu;it mjpfupf;fpd;wd. 4. RthrtPjj;ij mjpfupf;fpd;wd. 5. fpisf;Nfh[id FSf;Nfh]hf khw;Wtij Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wd. 6.fz;ghitia tpuptilar; nra;fpd;wd. 7. kpifahd tpau;j;jiy cz;lhf;FfpwJ. 8. cNuhkj;ij Fj;jpl;L epw;fr; nra;fpwJ.
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5. tpe;jfk; nl];Nlh];Buhd; (Md;l;Nuh[d;)
,dg;ngUf;f cWg;Gfspd; tsu;r;rp> tpe;J cw;gj;jpiaj; J}z;Ljy; Kf cNuhk tsu;r;rp> fufug;ghd Fuy;> gue;j Njhs; Nghd;wtw;iwj; jPu;khdpf;fpwJ.
6. mz;lfk; 1. <];l;Nuh[d; ngz; ,dg;ngUf;f cWg;Gfspd; tsu;r;rp> gUt cNuhk tsu;r;rp> nkd;ikahd Fuy;> nkd;ikahd cly; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F fhuzkhfpwJ.
2. GNuhn[];Buhd; khjtplha; Row;rp> fu;g;g epiyiag; guhkupf;fpwJ.
3. upyhf;]pd; kfg;Ngw;wpd; NghJ ,Lg;Gg; gFjp jirfisj; jsu;tilar; nra;J Foe;ij gpwg;ig vspjhf;FfpwJ.
7. ghuhijuha;L Rug;gp 1. fhy;rpl;Nlhdpd;
2. ghuhjhu;Nkhd;
jhJ cg;Gfspd; tsu;rpij khw;wj;ij guhkupf;Fk;.
8. ijk]; Rug;gp ijNkhrpd; ,J Neha;j;njhw;Wjiyj; jLf;Fk; ‘T’ ypk;Nghirl;Lfs; NtWghL miljiyj; J}z;btpLfpwJ.
9. gPdpay; Rug;gp nkyl;Nlhdpd; khu;G fhk;G> Kfl;L tl;lk;> tpijg;ig Nghd;w gFjpfspy; epwkpfspd; mlu;j;jpf;F fhuzkhfpd;wJ.
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gFjp-m
1. xU nry; capupfshd mkPgh kw;Wk; ghf;Bupaq;fspy; eilngWk; ,dg;ngUf;f tiffspy; xd;W - ,uz;lhfg; gpsj;jy;. 2. G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspd; ghypdg;ngUf;f Kiwapy; eilngWk; Kjy; epfo;T – kfue;jr;Nru;f;if. 3. fPo;fz;ltw;wpy; rupahdf; $w;W vJ? – G+Q;irfspy; cz;lhFk; Xu; clfU nfhz;l> efUk; jpwdw;w ghypyh ];Nghu;fs;> nfhdpbah. 4. fUTw;w #w;ig fdp MFk;. xU kyupd; gy ,izahj #yf ,iyfs;nfhz;l Nky;kl;l #w;igapypUe;J cUthFk; fdp – jpus;fdp. 5. ePupy; Cwitj;j tpijia mOj;Jk; nghOJ ,jd;topahf ePu; frpfpwJ – ikf;Nuhigy;. 6. khq;fdp> fy; Nghd;w fdp vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Vnddpy; ,jd; - fdp cl;Njhy; fbdkhdJ. 7. jtwhdf; $w;iwj; Nju;e;njL: - fUtpy; jz;L cUthFk; gFjpf;F KisNtu; vd;W ngau;. 8. fPo;fz;l $w;Wfspy;> fhw;wpd; %yk; fdp guTjYf;fhd rupahdf; $w;iwj; Nju;e;njL. biulhf;]; jhtuj;jpy;> Gy;yptl;lk;> ghg;g]; J}tpfshf khwp fdp guTjYf;F cjTfpwJ. 9. %tpiztpdhy; cz;lhFk; jpR fUtpd; tsu;r;rpf;F Cl;lk; mspf;fty;yJ – fUT+z;. 10. jd; kfue;jr; Nru;f;ifapd; jPik – tpijfs; Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapy; cz;lhfpd;wd.
gFjp-M 11. m) glk; A kw;Wk; B ia milahsk; fhz;. M) A apd; ve;j ghfk; B ahf khWfpwJ.
A B
m) glk; A #yfk; kw;Wk; glk; B fdp MFk;. M) glk; A #yfj;jpd; #y;ig fdpahf khWfpwJ.
12. capupdq;fSk; mtw;wpd; ,dg;ngUf;f KiwfSk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfis rupahd capupfNshL nghUj;Jf.
gpsj;jy; ];igNuhifuh <];l; mUk;Gjy; GNuhl;NlhNrhtd;fs; jl;ilg;GOf;fs; Jz;lhjy; gpiuNah/gpy;yk; ghf;Bupaq;fs;
gpsj;jy; GNuhl;NlhNrhtd;fs; ghf;Bupaq;fs;; mUk;Gjy; gpiuNah/gpy;yk; <];l; Jz;lhjy; ];igNuhifuh jl;ilg;GOf;fs;
4. jhtuq;fspy; ,dg;ngUf;fk;
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13. ghy;rk; jhtuj;jpy;> tpijfs; jha; jhtuj;ij tpl;L ntF njhiytpy; tpOfpd;wd. m) ,f;$w;Wr; rupahdjh my;yJ jtwhdjh? M) fhuzk; $W.
m) ghy;rk; jhtuj;jpy;> tpijfs; jha; jhtuj;ij tpl;L ntF njhiytpy; tpOfpd;wd vd;Dk; ,f;$w;Wr; rupahdJ.
M) fhuzk;: ghy;rk; jhtuj;jpd; fdpfs; jpBnud ntbj;J tpijfs; rpjwpg; guTfpd;wd.
14. $l;Lf;fdp kQ;rupapd; midj;J kyu;fspypUe;Jk; cUthfpwJ. jpus; fdpahdJ xU kyupd; ,izahj gy #yf ,iyfs;nfhz;l Nky;kl;l #w;igapypUe;J cUthfpwJ.
15. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s glj;ij tiue;J fPo;fz;l ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;. m) vf;ird; M) Foha; epA+fpspa];
----------- vf;ird;
------------------------- Foha; epA+fpspa];
16. nghUj;Jf:
1. efUk; jpwdw;w ];Nghu;fs; - Vg;sNdh];Nghu;fs; 2. #];Nghu;fs; - firapioAila ];Nghu;fs; 3. VifdPl;Lfs; - efUk; jd;ikaw;w ];Nghu; 4. nfhdpbah - jbj;j Rtu; nfhz;l nry;fs;
17. nghUj;Jf:
1. Mu;dpj;Njh/gpyp - gwitfs; top kfue;jr;Nru;f;if 2. vd;lNkhgpyp - G+r;rpfs; top kfue;jr;Nru;f;if 3. #/gpyp - tpyq;Ffs; top kfue;jr;Nru;f;if 4. mdpNkhgpyp - fhw;W top kfue;jr;Nru;f;if
18. nghUj;Jf:
1. ngu;up - jf;fhsp 2. n`];ngupbak; - MuQ;R 3. Nghk; - Mg;gps; 4. ngg;Ngh - nts;sup 5. l;&g; - kh
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19. m) nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s glj;ijf; fz;Lgpb. M) m> M> ,> <> c <fpa ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
---------------------- m ---------------------- M
------------ < ----------------- c ------------------------- ,
m) nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s glk; #yf tl;lk; MFk;.
M) m - #y;Kb M - #y;jz;L , - #y;ig < - kfue;jg;ig c – kfue;jf;fk;gp
20. nfhLf;fg;gl;l glj;ij tiue;J m kw;Wk; M itf; Fwp.
m - tpijAiw
M – fU
21. %tpizT vd;why; vd;d? ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fUTld; mw;nwhU Mz; Nfkpl; ,iztJ %tpizT vdg;gLk;.
22. fUTWjYf;Fg; gpd; eilngWk; khw;wq;fs; ahit? 1. #y; tpijahf khWfpwJ. 2. #Yiwfs; tpijAiwfshf khWfpd;wd. 3. #yfg;ig fdpahf khWfpwJ.
gFjp-,
16. m) fdp cUthFk; epfo;r;rpiaf; $W. M) ,e;epfo;r;rpapid RUf;fkhf tptup. ,) me;epfo;tpidf; Fwpf;Fk; glj;jpid tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp
m) fdp cUthFk; epfo;r;rp fUTWjy; MFk;.
M) fUTWjy; epfo;r;rp: kfue;jf; Foy; fUg;igf;Fs; tsu;Jisapd; topahf EiofpwJ. ,e;j epiyapy; kfue;jf; Foy; ntbj;J> NfkPl;Lfs; kfue;jf; Foypy; ,Ue;J fUg;igf;Fs; nry;fpd;wd.
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mz;lj;Jld; xU Mz; NfkPl;Lk;> ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fUTld; kw;nwhU Mz; NfkPl;Lk; ,izfpd;wd. ,e;j ,iztpw;F fUTWjy; vd;W ngau;. KOikaile;j fUTw;w Kl;ilf;F irNfhl; vd;W ngau;. ,J fUthf tsu;fpwJ. ,) fUTWjy; glk;:
------------- kfue;jj;J}s;
----------------- #y;jz;L --------------------- kfue;jf;Foy;
---------- #y;ig
----------------- fUg;ig
glk;: fUTWjy;
17. G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspy; eilngWk; ghypdg; ngUf;f Kiwapy; <LgLk; ,uz;L epfo;Tfis vOJf. m) Kjy; epfo;T kw;Wk; mjd; tiffis tptup. M) mjdpd; ed;ik> jPikfis vOJf.
G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspy; eilngWk; ghypdg; ngUf;f Kiwapy; <LgLk; ,uz;L epfo;Tfs; 1. kfue;jr; Nru;f;if 2. fUTWjy; MFk;.
m) kfue;jr; Nru;f;if: kfue;jg; igapypUe;J kfue;jj; J}s;fs; #yf Kbia nrd;wilAk; nraNy kfue;jr; Nru;f;if vdg;gLk;.
kfue;jr; Nru;f;ifapd; tiffs;:
1. jd; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if (Ml;NlhNfkp): jd; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if vd;gJ Ml;NlhNfkp vdg;gLk;. xU kyupd; kfue;jj; J}s; mNj kyupy; cs;s #yf Kbia my;yJ mNj jhtuj;jpy; cs;s kw;nwhU kyupy; cs;s #yf Kbia nrd;wilAk; epfo;r;rpf;F jd; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if vd;W ngau;.
2. may; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if (my;NyhNfkp): may; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if vd;gJ my;NyhNfkp vdg;gLk;. xU kyupd; kfue;jj; J}s; mNj ,dj;ijr; rhu;e;j kw;nwhU jhtuj;jpd; #yf Kbia nrd;wilAk; epfo;r;rpf;F may; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if vd;W ngau;.
M) jd; kfue;jr; Nru;f;ifapd; ed;ikfs;: 1. ,Ughy; kyu;fspy; eilngWk;. 2. Gwf;fhuzpfisr; rhu;e;jpUf;f mtrpakpy;iy. 3. kfue;jj; J}s;fs; tPzhtjpy;iy.
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jd; kfue;jr; Nru;f;ifapd; jPikfs;: 1. Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapy; tpijfs; cUthFk;. 2. tpijfs; kpf eyptile;j jhtuq;fis cUthf;Fk;. 3. Gjpa tif jhtuq;fs; cUthfhJ.
may; kfue;jr; Nru;f;ifapd; ed;ikfs;: 1. may; kfue;jr; Nru;f;ifapd; %yk; Gjpa ufq;fs; cUthFk;. 2. ed;F Kisf;Fk; jpwDila tpijfs; cUthFk;.
18. fUTWjypd; tpisthf cUthtJ fdp. fUTWjy; eilngwhky; VNjdk; fdp cUthfpwjh? fdpfs; tifg;ghl;bd; ml;ltidiaj; jUf.
fUTWjypd; tpisthf cUthtJ fdp. fUTWjy; eilngwhkNyNa rpy jhtuq;fspy; fdpfs; cUthfpd;wd. mj;jifa fdpfSf;F fUTwhf; fdpfs; my;yJ ghu;j;jpNdhfhu;gpf; fdpfs; vd;W ngau;. v.fh: tpijapyh jpuhl;ir> nfha;ah Kjypad.
fdpfs;
jdpf;fdp jpus;fdp $l;Lf;fdp
rijg;gw;Ws;s fdp cyu;fdp NrhNuhrp]; irNfhd]; v.fh: gyh v.fh:mj;jp
KO rijf;fdp cs;xl;L rijf;fdp cyu; ntbfdp cyu; ntbahf;fdp gpsTf;fdp
1. ngu;up 1. l;&g; 1. ,UGwntbfdp 1. mfPd; 1. nyhnkz;lk; v.fh: jf;fhsp v.fh: kh v.fh: mtiu v.fh: fpspkhl;b]; v.fh: fUNtyk ; 2. n`];ngupbak; 2. xUGwntbfdp 2. Nfupahg;rp]; 2. fpupNkhfhu;g; v.fh: MuQ;R v.fh: vUf;F v.fh: ney; v.fh:nfhj;Jky;yp 3. Nghk; 3. fhg;#y; 3. rpg;nryh 3. nuf;kh v.fh: Mg;gps; i. miwntbfdp v.fh: biulhf;]; v.fh: Mkzf;F 4. ngg;Ngh v.fh: gUj;jp
4. nfhl;il v.fh: nts;sup ii. jLg;GRtu; v.fh: Ke;jpup miwntbfdp v.fh: ntz;il
19. ,Utpj;jpiy jhtu tpijapd; mikg;ig tptup.
,Utpj;jpiy jhtu tpijapd; mikg;G: (mtiu tpij) 1. tpijahdJ jbj;j> Kl;il tbtk; nfhz;L> nkypjhf xUGwk; tise;J fhzg;gLk;. 2. ,e;jg; gFjpapy;> ePs;tl;lj;jpy; mike;j ntz;ikahd rw;W jbj;j u/Ng vd;w mikg;G cs;sJ. 3. ,e;j u/Ngapd; xU Edpapy; rpwpa Jis cs;sJ. ,jw;F tsu;Jis my;yJ ikf;Nuhigy; vd;W ngau;. 4. ePupy; Cwitj;j tpijia mOj;Jk; nghOJ ikf;Nuhigy; topahf ePu; frpfpwJ. 5. fU tpijAiwahy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
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6. tpijapy; xU ika mr;R cs;sJ. ika mr;rpd; xU Kidapy; KisNtUk;> kw;nwhU Kidapy; Kisf;FUj;Jk; cs;sd.
7. KisNtupd; EdpahdJ tsu;Jisapd; mUfpy; mike;Js;sJ. Kisf;FUj;jhdJ> ,uz;L tpj;jpiyfSf;F ,ilapy; cs;sJ. ,jpy; rpwpa Fl;ilahd ikaj;jz;Lk;> kpfr;rpwpa nkhl;Lk;> Ftpe;j ,uz;L rpwpa ,iyfSk; cs;sd.
------------------------ tpijciw
------------------------------------- tpj;jpiyfs;
---------------------- KisNtu;
----------------------------- fUT+z;
glk;: mtiu tpij
20. jpus; fdp> $l;Lf;fdp jFe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; tpsf;Ff.
jpus; fdp: jpus; fdpahdJ xU kyupd; ,izahj gy #yf ,iyfs;nfhz;l Nky;kl;l #w;igapypUe;J cUthfpwJ. jdpj;j xt;nthU #ypiyAk; rpW fdpahf tsu;r;rpailfpwJ. vdNt jpus; fdpapy; xU nghJthdf; fhk;gpy; gy rpWfdpfs; nfhj;jhf fhzg;gLk;. v.fh: nel;bypq;fk;. md;Ndhdh ];FthNkhrh (rPjhg;gok;) jhtuj;jpd; fdpapy; #ypiyfspd; tpspk;Gfs; ,ize;J xU KO fdpahfj; Njhd;Wk;.
$l;Lf;fdp: gy kyu;fs; nfhz;l xU kQ;rupapypUe;J cUthFk; xU xw;iwf; fdp $l;Lf;fdpahFk;. ,J ,Utifg;gLk;. 1. NrhNuhrp]; - gyh 2. irNfhd]; - mj;jp.
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gFjp-m
1. czu;kPir Nuhkq;fs; fhzg;gLk; tpyq;F - G+id 2. ahidapd; je;jq;fs; ________________ gy;ypd; khWghL: MFk;. – ntl;Lg; gw;fs;
3. ehd;F miwfSld; $ba tapW cila tpyq;F – khd; 4. kdpjdpd; ruhrup cly; ntg;gepiy – 98.4 – 98.60F 5. kpl;uy; thy;T ___________ ,ilapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. - ,lJ Mupf;fps;>,lJ ntz;l;upf;fps;
6. ve;j ,uj;j nry;fs; ,uj;jk; ciwjYf;Ff; fhuzkhf cs;sJ. – Juhk;Nghirl;Lfs; 7. ghY}l;bfspd; Kf;fpa fopTePf;f cWg;G vJ? – rpWePufk; 8. ahidfs; $l;lj;ij top elj;jp nry;Yk; ahid vJ? – taJ Kjpu;e;j ngz; ahid 9. gpsh];khtpy; cs;s ve;j Gujk; Neha; vjpu;g;ghw;wiyf; nfhLf;fpwJ? – FNshGypd; 10. lhy;gpdpd; Kf;fpa czT – tpyq;F kpjit capupfs;.
gFjp-M
11. ghY}l;b my;yhj njhFjpiaf; fz;lwpe;J> fhuzk; vOJf. eha;> G+id> Kjiy> rpq;fk;> Gyp. fhuzk;: Kjiy ghY}l;b my;y> mJ xU Cu;td tifiar; rhu;e;j capupdk;. 12. ghY}l;bfspd; Gwj;Njhypy; fhzg;gLtJ.
Nuhkk;> czu;Nuhkk;> Nuhk Kl;fs; 13. xw;Wikapd; mbg;gilapy; fz;lwpf. jpkpq;fpyk; : gyPd; jfLfs; ntsthy; : cau; Ruj;jpy; fPr;rpLk; xyp ntspg;gLjy;. 14. Nfhbl;ltw;iwg; G+u;j;jp nra;f. 1. gpsh];kh> iggpupNdh[d; : ,uj;jk; ciwjypy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpwJ. 2. ,uj;j rptg;gZ : Mf;rp[id vLj;j nry;fpwJ. 3. ,uj;j nts;isaZ : Neha;f; fpUkpfspd; jhf;FjypypUe;J cliyg; ghJfhf;fpwJ. 15. clypd; ‘kh];lu; nfkp];l;’ vd;W rpWePufk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. fhuzk; fz;lwpe;J vOJf. rpWePufk;> ,uj;jj;jpd; Ntjpg;nghUl;fspd; rkepiyiag; NgZfpwJ. 16. khWghL mile;jjpd; mbg;gilapy; xUq;fpizj;J vOJf. ntl;Lk; gw;fs; : ahidapd; je;jk; Gw mLf;F Nuhkq;fs; : Ks;sk; gd;wpapd; Kl;fs; 17. fPo;fz;l glj;ij tiue;J A kw;Wk; B ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;.
B
A
A – EiuaPuypypUe;J ,uj;jj;ijg; ngWk; ,lJ
5. ghY}l;bfs;
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Mupf;fps; B - ,jaj;jpypUe;J ,uj;jj;ij EiuaPuYf;F vLj;Jr; nry;Yk; EiuaPuy; jkdp
18. ,uj;jf;Foha; cUthjypy; fPo;fz;ltw;wpy; ve;jf; $w;W rupahdJ. ngUe;jkdp rpWjkdp Mu;l;BupNahy; je;Jfpfs; Ez;rpiufs; 19. fPo;fz;l glj;ij tiue;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;. 1. ngskd; fpz;zk; 2. n`d;Nyapd; tisT 3. FNshk&y]; 4. mz;ik RUz;l Foy;
FNshk&y];
ngskd; fpz;zk;
mz;ik RUz;l Foy;
n`d;Nyapd; tisT
20. kdpjdpy; cly; ntg;gepiy 98.40F ypUe;J 98.60F Mf cs;sJ. fPo;fz;l cWg;Gfspy; ve;j cWg;Gfs; clypd; ntg;gepiyia epiyepWj;JfpwJ? ( Njhy;> ,jak;> EiuaPuy;> rpWePufk;> ,uj;jk;> tpe;jfk;> mz;lfk; ) Njhy;> EiuaPuy;> rpWePufk;> ,uj;jk;. 21. Nfg;#y; - rpWePufk;> nkdpd;[]; - %is> ngupfhu;bak; - ,jak; ,it vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ? ,it midj;Jk; ciwfs; kw;Wk; mit %bAs;s cWg;Gfisf; Fwpf;fpd;wd. Nfg;#y; - rpWePuf ciw> nkdpd;[]; - %is ciw> ngupfhu;bak; - ,ja ciw. 22. xNu ,dj;ijr; rhu;e;j capupdq;fSf;fpilNa Gzu;r;rp iriffs; rpwg;ghf mike;Js;sJ. fhuzk; $W. ,J xNu rpw;wpdq;fSf;fpilNa ghypdg; ngUf;fj;ij cWjpgLj;JfpwJ. 23. nghUj;Jf. 1. ghy; Rug;gp - khWghL mile;j tpau;it Rug;gp 2. jpkpq;fpyk; - gyPd; jl;Lfs; 3. xl;lfk; - mlu;j;jpahd fz; GUtk; 4. ML - ehd;F miw nfhz;l ,iug;ig 24. nghUj;Jf. 1. kiyahL - cau;e;j kiy 2. rpWj;ij - rkntsp 3. J}e;jpug; gFjp - vUik 4. ed;dPu; - ePu;eha; 5. ghiytdk; - gpshf; khd;fs; 6. fly;ePu; - rPy; 25. nghUj;Jf. 1. ntsthy; - fPr;rpLk; xyp 2. fq;fhU - khu;#gpay; 3. JUtf;fub - fk;gspg; Nghu;it 4. kdpjd; - r%f tpyq;F
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26. nghUj;Jf. 1. tpy;ypak; `hu;tp - ,uj;j Row;rp 2. %tpjo; thy;T - tyJ Mupf;fps; 3. <upjo; thy;T - ,lJ Mupf;fps; 4. gy;kdup thy;T - kfhjkdp 27. gwf;Fk; ghY}l;b – ntsthy;. 28. GwmLf;F Nuhkq;fs; ,y;yhj jpkpq;fpyk; kw;Wk; lhy;gpd;fSf;F %f;fpd; Edpapy; ___________ cs;sJ. – czu; ehu;fs;. 29. jpkpq;fpyj;jpd; jhilapy; fhzg;gLk; ry;yilj; jl;Lfs; - gyPd; jl;Lfs;. 30. ve;j capupapy; Kd;dq;if ,wf;ifahf khwpAs;sJ? – ntst;thy;. 31. Mf;rp[dw;w ,uj;jj;ij ,jaj;jpypUe;J EiuaPuYf;Ff; nfhz;L nry;Yk; ,uj;jf; Foha; - EiuaPuy; jkdp. 32. ,jaj;jpy; ,uj;jk; gpd;Ndhf;fp nry;tijj; jLf;Fk; thy;Tfs; - <upjo;> %tpjo; thy;Tfs;. 33. KJkiy ruzhyaj;jpy; mope;J tUk; rpw;wpdk; - nre;eha;fs;. 34. nre;eha; $l;lj;jpy; cs;s cWg;gpdu;fspd; vz;zpf;if – 8-10.
35. J}e;jpug; gFjp tpyq;Ffspy; xd;W nghUe;jhjJ vdf; fz;lwpf. 1. kiyahLfs; 2. vUik 3. khd;fs; 4. vyp tpil: khd;fs;
36. ,uj;j nts;is nry;fspy; nghUe;jhjJ vJ? 1. NgNrh/gpy;fs; 2. vupj;Nuhirl;Lfs; 3. NkhNdhirl;Lfs; 4. ypk;Nghirl;Lfs;. tpil: vupj;Nuhirl;Lfs;
37. ghY}l;bfs; ngw;Ws;s ,U Kf;fpa gz;Gfis vOJf. 1. GwmLf;F Nuhkq;fs; 2. ghy;Rug;gpfs;
38. Gw mLf;F Nuhkq;fspd; gad;fisf; $W. 1. clypd; ntg;gk; ntspNawhky; jLf;fpwJ. 2. Njhypd; epwj;ij Rw;Wr; #oYf;F Vw;wthW Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. 3. njhL czu; cWg;ghfr; nray;gLfpwJ.
39. gyPd; jl;Lfs; vd;why; vd;d? jpkpq;fpyq;fspd; jhilahdJ ry;yil Nghd;w cWg;ghf khWghL mile;Js;sJ. ,e;j ry;yil Nghd;w jhil gyPd; jl;Lfs; vdg;gLk;.
40. kdpjdpd; fopTePf;f cWg;Gfisg; gl;baypLf.
fopTePf;f cWg;G ntspNaw;Wk; fopT fopTg;nghUs;
rpWePufk; rpWePu; A+upah> A+upf; mkpyk;> fpupahl;bdpd;
EiuaPuy; ntspNaw;wg;gLk; fhw;W fhu;gd;-il-Mf;irL> ePu;
Njhy; tpau;it ePu;> cg;Gfs;
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41. kdpj ,jaj;jpd;; mikg;ig glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
kfhjkdp
Nkw;ngUQ;rpiu EiuaPuy; jkdp
EiuaPuy; rpiu
%tpjo; thy;T ,lJMupf;fps;
tyJMupf;fps; ,lJ ntz;l;upf;fps;
tyJ ntz;l;upf;fps; <upjo; thy;T
fPo;ngUQ;rpiu ,jaj;jir
glk;: kdpj ,jak;
42. ,uj;jf; Foha;fspd; mikg;ig glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
je;Jfpfs;
rpiu
jkdp
glk;: ,uj;jf; Foha;fs;
43. kdpj ,uj;j nry;fspd; tiffis glk; tiuf.
,uj;jj; jl;Lf;fs ; ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fs ;
epA+l;Nuh/gpy; NkhNdhirl;
ypk;Nghirl; ,NahrpNdh/gpy;
NgNrh/gpy;
glk;: kdpj ,uj;j nry;fs;
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44. kdpj fopTePf;f kz;lyj;jpd; mikg;ig glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
rpWePufj; jkdp
rpWePufr;rpiu
ngy;tp]; rpWePufk;
nkLy;yh
fhu;nlf;];
rpWePu; ehsk;
rpWePu;g;ig
rpWePu;g; Gwtop
glk;: kdpj fopTePf;f kz;lyk;
45. rpWePufj;jpd; ePs;ntl;Lj; Njhw;wj;ij glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
nkLy;yup gpukpL
uPdy; J}z;
Nfypf;];
rpWePufj;jkdp
fhu;nlf;]; rpWePufr;rpiu
uPdy; fhg;#y; uPdy; ngy;tp];
rpWePu;ehsk;
glk;: rpWePufj;jpd; ePs;ntl;Lj; Njhw;wk;
46. ne/g;uhdpd; mikg;ig glk; tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwp.
FNshk&y];
ngskdpd; fpz;zk; Nra;ik RUz;lFoy;
mz;ik RUz;lFoy; Nrfupf;Fk; ehsk;
n`d;Nyapd; tisT
glk;: ne/g;uhdpd; mikg;G
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47. KJnfYk;gpfspd; Kd;if mikg;gpid glk; tiuf.
kdpjd; jtis Fjpiu
ntst;thy; flw;gR
glk;: KJnfYk;gpfspd; Kd;if mikg;Gfs;
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gFjp-m
1. khNdhl;Nuhghtpy;> czTg; nghUl;fis cwpQ;Rtjw;fhd rpwg;ghd Ntu;fs; - ikf;Nfhiurh Ntu;fs;. 2. <];l;bd; fhw;wpy;yh Rthrj;jpdhy; cz;lhtJ – vj;jdhy;. 3. ePu;j; Njitf;fhf njd;idapd; Ntu;fs;> jha;j; jhtuj;ij tpl;L ntF njhiytpy; cs;sd. mj;jifa Ntu;fspd; ,af;fk; - ePu; rhu;G ,af;fk;. 4. jhtuq;fspy; iryj;jpd; gzp – ePiuf;flj;Jjy;. 5. jw;rhu;G Cl;lKiwf;Fj; Njitg;gLtJ – CO2> ePu;> gr;irak;> #upaxsp. 6. ehk; cz;Zk; czT ___________ f;fhd MjhukhFk;. – Mw;wy;. 7. xl;Lz;zpfs; ___________ vd;Dk; rpwg;ghd Ntu;fs; %yk; Xk;Gapupapd; iryj;jpypUe;J ePiuAk;> GNshaj;jpypUe;J fdpkg; nghUisAk; cwpQ;Rfpd;wJ. - `h];Nlhupaq;fs;. 8. ,we;j jhtu> tpyq;F clyj;jpypUe;J czitg; ngUk; capup – kl;Fz;zpfs;. 9. Ngf;Nfhirl;Nlhrp]; vd;gJ – nry; tpOq;Fjy;. 10. ___________ y; fpisf;fhiyrp]; eilngWfpwJ. – irl;Nlhgpshrk;. 11. fhw;wpy;yh Rthrk; ___________ vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. – nehjpj;jy;. 12. EiuaPuypy; thAg;gupkhw;wk; ___________ y; eilngWfpwJ. – fhw;Wr;rpw;wiw. 13. xspr;Nru;f;ifapdhy; cz;lhFk; czTg;nghUs; _______ %yk; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. - /GNshak;. 14. ___________ A+upf; mkpyj;ij fopthf ntspNaw;Wtjhy; A+upNfhnlypf; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. – gwitfs;. 15. ___________ gFjp kdpj rpWePufj;jpd; tbfl;Lk; cWg;ghfr; nray;gLfpwJ. – FNshk&y];. 16. capu; fpupah Cf;fp vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ – nehjpfs;. 17. fpisf;fhiyrp]; NghJ cz;lhFk; igUtpf; mkpy %yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if – 2. 18. xU FSf;Nfh]; %yf;$W KOikahf Mf;rp[Ndw;wk; mile;J ntspg;gLk; ATP
%yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if – 38. 19. ey;y MNuhf;fpakhd cly;epiyapy; kdpjupy; xU ehisf;F rpWePufj;jhy; tbfl;lg;gLk; ,uj;jj;jpd; msT – 180 ypl;lu;. 20. xU ehisf;F ntspNaw;wg;gLk; rpWePupd; msT – 1-1.5 ypl;lu;. 21. Rthrpj;jypd; NghJ eilngWk; Ntjptpid – C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2900KJ Mw;wy;. 22. Mw;wy; ehzak; vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ – ATP. 23. ne/g;uPbaq;fs; %yk; fopTePf;fk; eilngWk; capup – kz;GO. 24. KJnfYk;gpfspd; Kf;fpa fopTePf;f cWg;G – rpWePufk;. 25. rpWePufj;jpd; nray;jpwd; myF – ne/g;uhd;. 26. nraw;if rpWePufj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; jputk; - laNyrp]; jputk;.
gFjp – M
27. A, B Fwpg;gpl;l jhtuj;jz;bd; th];Fyhu; jpRf;fspd; ngau;fis vOJf.
m. A kw;Wk; B d; ngau;fs; ahit? M. A d; topahf flj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fs; ahit? ,. B d; topahf flj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fs; ahit? <. vt;thW A d; topahf nghUl;fs; ,iyfSf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpwJ?
A B
m. A – iryk; B - /GNshak; M. iryj;jpd; topahf ePu; kw;Wk; fdpkg; nghUl;fs; flj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
6. tho;f;if ,af;fr; nray;fs;
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,. /GNshaj;jpd; topahf czT kw;Wk; jhtu `hu;Nkhd;fs; flj;jg;gLfpd;wd. <. iryj;jpRtpy; fhzg;gLk; iryf;Foha;fs; kw;Wk; buf;fPLfs; xd;Wld; xd;W ,ize;J jhtuj;jpd; vy;yh gFjpfSf;Fk; ePiuf; flj;Jk; njhlu;r;rpahd fhy;thahf mikfpd;wd.
28. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; glj;ijf; ftdpf;f.
m. glk; A kw;Wk; B y; fhzg;gLk; ,af;fq;fis Fwpg;gpLf.
M. vt;thW ,t;tpaf;fq;fs; njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp ,iyfspd;
,af;fq;fspypUe;J NtWgLfpd;wd?
m. A – <u;g;G jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; B – xspj;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; M. Nkw;fz;l ,af;fq;fs; tsu;r;rp rhu; ,af;fq;fs; MFk;. Mdhy; njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp ,iyfspd; ,af;fk; tsu;r;rp rhuh ,af;fk; MFk;. ,iyfspy; cs;s ePupd; mstpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLtjhy; njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp jhtuj;jpd; ,iyfs; RUq;Ffpd;wd.
29. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Cl;l KiwfNshL> mtw;wpd; rpwg;G cWg;Gfs; kw;Wk; jf;f vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; nghUj;Jf.
jw;rhu;G Cl;lKiw ikf;Nfhiurh Ntu;fs; f];Fl;lh
xl;Lz;zpfs; gr;irak; khNdhl;Nuhgh
kl;Fz;zpfs; `h];Nlhupaq;fs; i`gp];f];
jw;rhu;G Cl;lKiw gr;irak; i`gp];f];
xl;Lz;zpfs; `h];Nlhupaq;fs; f];Fl;lh
kl;Fz;zpfs; ikf;Nfhiurh Ntu;fs; khNdhl;Nuhgh
30. Rthrpj;jypy; FSf;Nfh]; vd;gJ 6 fhu;gd; nfhz;l Nru;kk;> yhf;bf; mkpyk; vd;gJ 3 fhu;gd; nfhz;l fupkr; Nru;kk;.
31. ru;f;fiuf; fiury; My;f`hyhf khw;wkilfpwJ. m. Nkw;fz;l nraypy; vj;jifa epfo;r;rp eilngWfpwJ? M. ve;j Ez;Zapup <LgLfpwJ? m. ru;f;fiuf; fiury; My;f`hyhf khw;wkilAk; epfo;r;rp nehjpj;jy; MFk;. M. nehjpj;jy; epfo;r;rpapy; <LgLk; Ez;Zapup <];l; MFk;.
32. nghUe;jhjijj; Nju;e;njL. (njhz;il> tha;> tha;f;Fop> fizak;) fizak;
33. kdpjdpy; Rthrf; fhw;whdJ ehrpj;Jis topahf EiuaPuYf;Fs; nry;fpwJ. kPd;fspy; ePuhdJ tha; topahf clYf;Fs; nrd;W> ePupy; fiue;Js;s Mf;]p[d; ,uj;jj;jpw;Fs; guTfpwJ.
34. ek; cliyg; NgZtjw;Fj; Njitahd epfo;r;rpfs; ahit? Rj;jkhd fhw;W> Rj;jkhd ePu;> Rj;jkhd czTg; nghUl;fs;> ey;y clw;gapw;rp> Fiwghlw;w clYWg;Gfs;.
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35. xspr;Nru;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd nghUl;fs; vq;fpUe;J fpilf;fpd;wd? ePu;: jhtuq;fs; G+kpapypUe;J Ntu;fs; %yk; cwpQ;rpf; nfhs;fpd;wd. fhu;gd;-il-Mf;irL: tspkz;lyj;jpypUe;J ,iyfs; %yk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wd. #upa xsp: #upadpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; Mw;wy;. gr;irak;: jhtu nry;fspy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
36. nghUj;Jf: 1. tp];fk; - xl;lz;zpfs; 2. ghf;bupaq;fs; - kl;Fz;zpfs; 3. jw;rhu;G Cl;lKiw - gRq;fzpfk; 4. MQ;rpNah];ngu;k;fs; - ikf;Nfhiurh Ntu;
37. nghUj;Jf: 1. Nf];l;upNa vd;l;upahy[p - ,iug;ig Flypay; 2. nehjp - fpupah Cf;fpfs; 3. Rthrj; jsg;nghUl;fs; - fhu;Nghi`l;Nul; 4. FSf;Nfh]; - 38 ATP
38. nghUj;Jf: 1. kPd; - mk;NkhdpNahnlypf; 2. gwitfs; - A+ypNfhnlypf; 3. ghY}l;bfs; - A+upNahnlypf; 4. lahyprp]; - nraw;if rpWePufk;
39. nghUj;Jf: 1. njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp - tsu;r;rp rhuh ,af;fk; 2. jz;L Nky; Nehf;fp tsu;jy; - xspj;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; 3. njd;id Ntu; njhiytpw;F nry;Yjy; - ePu;j;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; 4. #ypid Nehf;fp kfue;jFoy; tsu;jy; - Ntjpj; jpir rhu;G ,af;fk;
40. glj;jpy; A, B Fwpg;gpLf. A d; gzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
A
B
A – Ntu;j;J}tpfs; B – ePl;rpg;gFjp Ntu;j;J}tpfs; %yk; cwpQ;rg;gl;l ePuhdJ iryk; %ykhf jhtuq;fspd; midj;J gFjpfSf;Fk; flj;jg;gLfpwJ.
41. glj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; A, B y; ve;j tifahd ,af;fk; fhzg;gLfpwJ?
A B
A. xspj;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk;: jz;bd; tsu;r;rp xspapd; jpiria Nehf;fp cs;sJ.
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B. <u;g;Gj;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk;: Ntupd; tsu;r;rp GtpaPu;g;G tpirapd; jpiria Nehf;fp cs;sJ.
42. xspr;Nru;f;if epfo;tpidr; rkd;ghlhf vOJf.
#upaxsp
6CO2 + 6H2O -------------------> C6H12O6 + 6O2
gr;irak;
43. xl;Lz;zp> kl;Fz;zp NtWgLj;Jf.
xl;Lz;zp kl;Fz;zp
1. jdf;F Ntz;ba cztpid capUs;s jhtu> tpyq;fplkpUe;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.
jdf;F Ntz;ba cztpid ,we;j jhtu> tpyq;fplkpUe;J vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;.
2. czit cwpQ;r `h];Nlhupaq;fs; vd;w Ntiug; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
czit cwpQ;r ikf;Nfhiurh vd;w Ntiug; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
3. v.fh: f];Fl;lh> tp];fk;. v.fh: khNdhl;Nuhgh
44. Rthr epfo;r;rpapd; rkd;ghl;bid vOJf.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------------------> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2900KJ Mw;wy;.
45. nry;Yf;Fs; nrupj;jy;> nry;Yf;F ntspNa nrupj;jy; NtWgLj;Jf.
nry;Yf;Fs; nrupj;jy; nry;Yf;F ntspNa nrupj;jy;
1. xU nry; capupfspy; czT nry;Yf;F cs;NsNa nrupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
nry;Yf;F ntspNa nrupj;jy; kz;lyj;jpy; nrupkhdk; eilngWfpwJ.
2. v.fh: mkPgh> ghukPrpak;. v.fh: KJnfYk;gpfs;.
46. fhw;Ws;s Rthrk;> fhw;ww;w Rthrk; NtWgLj;Jf.
fhw;Ws;s Rthrk; fhw;ww;w Rthrk;
1. Mf;rp[d; cjtpahy; eilngWfpwJ. Mf;rp[d; ,y;yhky; eilngWfpwJ.
2. ,jd; Kbtpy; fhu;gd;-il-Mf;irL> ePu;> Mw;wy; fpilf;fpwJ.
,jd; Kbtpy; vj;jdhy;> fhu;gd;-il-Mf;irL> Mw;wy; fpilf;fpwJ.
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47. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s fopT ePf;f KiwfNshL> mtw;wpd; fopTg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; jf;f vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; nghUj;Jf.
fopTePf;fk; fopTg; nghUl;fs; capupdq;fs;
mk;Nkhdpahnlypf; A+upah ghY}l;bfs;
A+upNfhnlypf; mk;Nkhdpah kPd;fs;
A+upNahnlypf; A+upf; mkpyk; gwitfs;
fopTePf;fk; fopTg; nghUl;fs; capupdq;fs;
mk;Nkhdpahnlypf; mk;Nkhdpah kPd;fs;
A+upNfhnlypf; A+upf; mkpyk; gwitfs;
A+upNahnlypf; A+upah ghY}l;bfs;
48. tsu;r;rp rhu; ,af;fk;> tsu;r;rp rhuh ,af;fk; NtWgLj;Jf.
tsu;r;rp rhu; ,af;fk; tsu;r;rp rhuh ,af;fk;
1. jhtuq;fs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l jpirapy; tsu;e;J> J}z;lYf;F nkJthf gjpy; tpid mspf;fpd;wd.
jhtuq;fspd; njhL czu;tpdhy; Vw;glf; $baJ. ,q;F tsu;r;rp vd;gJ ,y;iy.
2. v.fh: jz;L kwWk; Ntupd; tsu;r;rp. v.fh: njhl;lhy; rpZq;fpapd; ,iyfs; RUq;Fjy;.
49. czT+l;lk; vd;why; vd;d? czit cl;nfhs;tjd; %yk; Mw;wiyg; ngWk; efo;;r;rp MFk;.
50. Rthrk; vd;why; vd;d? nry;fs; Rthrpj;jypd; %yk; Mf;rp[idg; ngw;W fupkg; nghUl;fis vspa %yf;$Wfshf rpijf;fg;gLk; epfo;r;rp Rthrk; MFk;.
51. flj;Jjy; vd;why; vd;d? clypd; xU cWg;gpypUe;J gpw cWg;GfSf;F czTg; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; Mf;rp[d; flj;Jk; epfo;r;rp flj;Jjy; vdg;gLk;.
52. fopT ePf;fk; vd;why; vd;d? gy;NtW cWg;GfspypUe;J ntspahFk; tsu;rpij khw;wf; fopTg; nghUl;fis clypypUe;J ntspNaw;wg; gLk; epfo;r;rp fopT ePf;fk; vdg;gLk;.
53. fhw;Ws;s Rthrj;jpy; cs;s gbepiyfis vOJf. 1. fpisf;fhiyrp]; 2. igUtpf; mkpy Mf;rp[Ndw;w fhu;gd; ePf;fk; 3. fpnug;]; Row;rp 4. vyf;l;uhd; flj;J rq;fpyp
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54. xspj;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; vd;why; vd;d? jhtuq;fspd; jz;L> #upa xspia Nehf;fp G+kpf;F NkNy tsu;fpwJ. ,J xspj;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; vdg;gLk;.
55. <u;g;Gj;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; vd;why; vd;d? jhtuq;fspd; Ntu;fs; GtpaPu;g;G tpirf;F Neuhf G+kpia Nehf;fp tsu;fpd;wd. ,J <u;g;Gj;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; vdg;gLk;.
56. ePu;j;jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; vd;why; vd;d? kpfg; ngupa jhtuq;fspd; Ntu;fs; ePu; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;ij Nehf;fp gutyhf tsu;fpd;wd. v.fh: njd;idku Ntu;fs; jq;fspd; ePu;j; Njitf;fhf jhtuj;ij tpl;L ntF njhiytpw;F tsu;fpd;wd.
57. Ntjp jpir rhu;G ,af;fk; vd;why; vd;d? Ntjpg; nghUl;fis Nehf;fpa jhtuq;fspd; ,af;fkhFk;. v.fh: #ypid Nehf;fp kfue;jf; Foypd; tsu;r;rp.
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gFjp – m
1. nghUl;fspd; njhFg;Gfs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,tw;wpy; rpijtilAk; nghUl;fisf; nfhz;l njhFg;gpid Nju;e;njL. – Gy;> kyu;fs;> Njhy;. 2. fPo;fz;ltw;wpy; vJ czTr; rq;fpyp – Gy;> ML> kdpjd;. 3. ,tw;wpy; vit #o;epiyia ghJfhf;Fk; eilKiwfs; – nghUl;fs; thq;f Jzpg;igia vLj;Jr;nry;Yjy;> gad;gLj;jhj NghJ kpd; tpsf;Ffs;> kpd;tprpwpfis mizj;jy;> nghJ Nghf;Ftuj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 4. fUg;Gj;jq;fk; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ – ngl;Nuhypak;. 5. nghUj;jkw;wij ePf;Ff.(jhtuq;fs;> ntl;Lf;fpsp> jtis> Gyp> ghk;G) – Gyp. 6. gRik Ntjpapaypdhy; vz;lhFk; nghUs;fSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L – capup gpsh];bf;. 7. __________ gRikaf thA> ntg;gepiy khw;wk; kw;Wk; Gtp ntg;gkhjiy Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. – fhhu;gd;il Mf;irL. 8. __________ #o;epiyj; njhFg;gpy; rpijg;gitfs; MFk;. – ghf;Bupahf;fs;. 9. Nkfq;fisj; J}z;b nraw;ifahf kio nga;a cjTk; Ntjpg; nghUs; – nghl;lhrpak; mNahilL. 10. gbk vupnghUSf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L – fup. 11. epyk;> fhw;W> ePu; Mfpatw;wpy; kdpjDf;F jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; khw;wq;fs; ________ vdg;gLk;. – khRgLjy;. 12. ghf;Bupahf;fshy; kl;Fk; fopTfs; ____________ vdg;gLk;. – capup rpijAk; fopTfs;. 13. ,uhZtk; njhlu;ghd ,lu;ghL jUk; fopTfs; ePf;fg;gLk; Kiw – epyj;jpy; epug;Gjy;. 14. __________ Kiwapy; fly;ePiu FbePuhf khw;wyhk;. – jiyfPo; rt;T+L guty;. 15. __________ khtl;lj;jpy; mzpy;fs; ruzhyak; cs;sJ – tpUJefu;. 16. gwf;Fk; mzpy;fs; __________ ruzhyaj;jpy; cs;sJ. – fsf;fhL. 17. xU #o;epiy kz;lyj;jpw;F ____________ Mw;wiyf; nfhLf;fpwJ. – #upad;. 18. epyf;fupj; njhopw;rhiyfspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gLk; ,uz;lhk; epiy cgNahfg; nghUl;fs; - fupj;jhu;> fupthA. 19. fPo; cs;s fopTfspy; vJ vupj;J rhk;gyhf;fg;gLfpwJ? – capu; kUj;Jtf; fopTfs;. 20. fopTj;jhs;fspy; vj;jid rjtPjk; kWRow;rp Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jyhk;? – 54%. 21. Mrpa rpq;fk; cs;s ruzhyak; – fpu; Njrpag; G+q;fh. 22. tq;fhsg;Gyp ve;j G+q;fhtpy; cs;sJ? – Re;jutd Njrpag; G+q;fh. 23. epyf;fupapy; mjpfkhf cs;s jdpkk; – fhu;gd;. 24. gRik Ntjpapay; nfhs;if mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L – 1995. 25. Gtpfpuhkk; vd;w nrhy;iy mwpKfg;gLj;jpatu; – khu;ry; kf;Y}fhd;.
7. Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;G
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gFjp – M
26. fPo;fz;l czTr;rq;fpypiag; gbj;J rupnra;J mjid Mw;wy; gpukplhf khw;Wf. ky;ngup FUtp fk;gspg;G+r;rp gUe;J tpil: ky;ngup fk;gspg;G+r;rp FUtp gUe;J
27. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s vLj;Jf;fhl;bidg; gbj;J fPo;fz;l tpdhf;fSf;F tpilapidj; jUf.
cw;gj;jpahsu;fs ;
cw;gj;jpahsu;fs ; jhtu cz;zpfs;
epyk;> fhw;W khkpr cz;zpfs;
rpijg;git
m) A my;yJ B NfhLfspy; vJ Mw;wy; xOq;fpidf; Fwpf;fpwJ? mjw;fhd fhuzj;ijf; $W. M) rpijg;gitfSf;F xU vLj;Jf;fhl;L nfhL.
m) A NfhL Mw;wy; xOq;fpidf; Fwpf;fpwJ. jhtuq;fs; Mw;wiy #upadplkpUe;J jahupf;fpd;wd. ,e;j Mw;wyhdJ jhtuq;fsplkpUe;J jhtu cz;zpfs;> khkpr cz;zpfs; topahf rpijg;gitfis milfpd;wJ. gpd;du; rpijg;git Mw;wiy epyk; kw;Wk; fhw;wpy; ntspapLfpd;wd. epyk; kw;Wk; fhw;wpypUe;J jhtuq;fs; kPz;Lk; ,t;thw;wiyg; ngWfpd;wd. M) ghf;Bupah.
28. ney;> vyp> ghk;G> gUe;J Nkw;fz;l czTr;rq;fpypapy; jahupg;ghsu;fs; 500 fp.fNyhup Mw;wy; Nrkpg;gjhf itj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; mjpypUe;J %d;whk; czT epiyapy; cs;s capupdk; vt;tsT Mw;wiyg; ngWfpwJ? xU czT epiyapypUe;J mLj;j czT epiyf;F 10% - 20% Mw;wy; kl;LNk
gUe;J
FUtp
fk;gspg;G+r;rp
Kite
Kite
ky;ngup
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flj;jg;gLk;. vdNt %d;whk; epiyapy; cs;s capupdk; 0.2 – 0.4 fp.fNyhup Mw;wiyg; ngWk;.
ney; (500 fp.f) vyp (50-100fp.f) ghk;G (10-20fp.f) gUe;J(0.2-0.4fp.f)
29. m) 1 kw;Wk; 3 y; fhzg;gLk; epfo;r;rpfis vOJf. M) epfo;T 1 [ tiuaW. ,) VNjDk; xU gbk vupnghUis vOJf.
tspkz;lyk; CO2 1 3 tpyq;Ffs; rpijj;jy; jhtuq;fs; 2 Gijgbk jhtuq;fs;
m) 1 y; fhzg;gLk; epfo;r;rp xspr;Nru;f;if kw;wk; 3 y; fhzg;gLk; epfo;r;rp Rthrpj;jy; MFk;. M) xspr;Nru;f;if: jhtuq;fs; #upa Mw;wypd; cjtpAld; fhu;gd;il Mf;irL kw;Wk; ePiuf; nfhz;L jq;fspd; czitj; jahupf;Fk; epfo;r;rp xspr;Nru;f;if vdg;gLk;. ,) epyf;fup.
30. nghUj;Jf:
1. rpijtilAk; fopT - Njhy; 2. rpijtilahf; fopT - nefpop 3. uhZtf;fopT - epyj;jpy; epug;Gjy; 4. jputf;fopT - Mo;fpzW gha;r;ry;
31. nghUj;Jf:
1. uj;jk;> rPo; - vupj;J rhk;gyhf;fy; 2. fz;zhb - 20% kWgb gad;gLj;Jjy; 3. fopTj;jhs; - 54% kWgb gad;gLj;Jjy; 4. fz;zhbj;Jfs; - M];ghy;l;
32. nghUj;Jf:
1. nghl;lhrpak; mNahilL - Nkfj;jpy; J}Tjy; 2. jiyfPo; rt;T+Lguty; - cg;GePiuf; FbePuhf;Fjy; 3. tdtpyq;F Gfoplk; - ePu; gpupif KfL 4. njhopw;rhiyfs; - ePu; Rj;jpfupj;jy;
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33. nghUj;Jf:
1. Cu;td - 400 tiffs; 2. ,Utho;tpfs; - 200 tiffs; 3. kPd;fs; - 3000 tiffs; 4. gwitfs; - 3000 tiffs; 5. G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fs; - 20000 tiffs; 6. ghY}l;bfs; - 4100 tiffs;
34. nghUj;Jf: 1. fsf;fhL - rpq;fthy; Fuq;F 2. KJkiy - ahid> fhl;nlUik 3. Kz;le;Jiu - Gyp> Fuq;F 4. Nfhbaf;fiu - Gs;spkhd; 5. tpuhypkiy - kapy;
35. nghUj;Jf: 1. epyf;fup - CO2 2. fUg;Gj;jq;fk; - ngl;Nuhypak; 3. jhu;ge;J - vz;nza;f;frpT 4. i`l;u[d; thA - A+upah
nghUe;jhjijf; fz;lwpjy;:
36. ,lu;ghL jUk; fopTfspy; vupj;J rhk;gyhf;Fk; Kiwapy; nghUe;jhjJ. 1. er;Rj;jd;ik nfhz;l fopT 2. ,uj;jk; kw;Wk; rPo; 3. kdpj cly; fopTfs; 4. fjpu;tPr;Rf; fopTfs; tpil: fjpu;tPr;Rf; fopTfs;
37. ed;dPu; Nkyhz;ikapy; tPLfspy; Nrkpj;jypy; nghUe;jhjJ. 1. Fiwe;j ePiug; gad;gLj;Jk; Fspay; 2. ePu;g;gpup KfL 3. cgNahfpj;j ePiu Gy;ntspfSf;Fg; gha;r;Rjy; 4. Fiwe;j msT gad;gLj;Jk; tPl;L cgNahfg; nghUl;fs; tpil: ePu;g;gpup KfL
38. xU #o;epiykz;lyj;jpy; cw;gj;jpahsu;fspy; nghUe;jhjJ. 1. i`l;upy;yh 2. thyp];Ndupah 3. ghf;Bupah 4. thy;thf;]; tpil: ghf;Bupah
39. fsf;fhL td capup tuzhyaj;jpy; cs;s capupdq;fspy; nghUe;jhjJ. 1. rpq;fthy; Fuq;F 2. fhl;nlUik 3. vWk;Gj;jpz;zp 4. gwf;Fk; mzpy; tpil: vWk;Gj;jpz;zp
40. khRgLjy;> khRg;nghUl;fs; NtWgLj;Jf.
khRgLjy; khRg;nghUl;fs;
epyk;> fhw;W> ePu; Mfpatw;wpy; kdpjDf;F jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; khw;wq;fs; khRgLjy; vdg;gLk;.
epyk;> fhw;W> ePu; Mfpatw;wpy; kdpjDf;F jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; nghUl;fs; ghRg; nghUl;fs; vdg;gLk;. v.fh: CO2, SO2.
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41. kl;Fk; fopT> kl;fhj fopT NtWgLj;Jf.
kl;Fk; fopT kl;fhj fopT
Ez;Zapupfshy; rpijtilAk; fopTfSf;F kl;Fk; fopTfs; vd;W ngau;. v.fh: fhfpjk;> Njhy;.
Ez;Zapupfshy; rpijtilahjf; fopTfSf;F kl;fhj fopTfs; vd;W ngau;. v.fh: gpsh];bf;> cNyhfj;jhJf;fs;.
gFjp - ,
42. m) fPo;fz;l nghUl;fis tifg;gLj;Jf. fl;il> fhfpjk;> gpsh];bf;> Gw;fs; M) cd;Dila tifg;ghl;bw;fhd tpsf;fj;ijj; jUf.
m) 1. fl;il> fhfpjk;> Gw;fs;. 2. gpsh];bf;
M) 1. capu;-rpijtilAk; fopTfs;: fl;il> fhfpjk;> Gw;fs; Nghd;w fopTfs; capupay; nray;ghLfspd; fhuzkhfNth my;yJ Ez;Zapupfspd; nray;ghLfspd; fhuzkhfNth rpijtilfpd;wd.
2. capu;-rpijtilahf;; fopTfs;: gpsh];bf;; Nghd;w fopTfs; capupay; nray;ghLfspd; fhuzkhfNth my;yJ Ez;Zapupfspd; nray;ghLfspd; fhuzkhfNth rpijtiltjpy;iy.
43. cq;fSila gFjpapy; ePu; jl;Lg;ghl;bdhy; kf;fs; mtjpAWfpwhu;fs;. vdNt> ePu;j; jl;Lg;ghl;bid jtpu;f;f vd;ndd;d Kiwfisf; ifahStPu;fs;. 1. Nkfj;jpy; J}Tjy;: cyu;gdp my;yJ nghl;lhrpak; mNahilL Jfs;fis ePu;f; Nfhu;j;j Nkfq;fspd; kPJ J}tpdhy; rpy rkak; kiog; nghopT Vw;gLk;. 2. cg;G ePiuf; FbePuhf;fy;: ed;dPu; msit mjpfupf;f fly;ePupd; cg;Gj; jd;ikia ePf;FtJ xU rpwe;j njhopy;El;gkhFk;. cg;GePiuf; FbePuhf;Fk; jpl;lk; kpFe;j nryT Vw;gLj;Jk; jpl;lk;. cg;GePiuf; FbePuhf;fypy; Mtpahjy; kw;Wk; kPz;Lk; Fspu;tpj;jy; epfo;r;rpfs; eilngWfpd;wd. 3. mizfs;> ePu;j;Njf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fs;: mizfs; Nghd;w ePu;j; Njf;fq;fs; %yk; mjpfkhff; fpilf;Fk; ePiur; Nrkpj;J vq;nfq;F ePu; NjitNah mq;nfy;yhk; fhy;tha;fs;> Ruq;fq;fs;> jiuabf; Foha;fs; %yk; jz;zPiu mspg;gJ nghJthd eilKiwahFk;. 4. ePu;g;gpup KfL Nkyhz;ik: tupirahf mike;Js;s rpWrpW mizfs; my;yJ Vuhskhd ejpePu;f; fpisfs; Mfpait %yk; jz;zPu; nts;skhfg; ngUfp tPzhfhky; Njf;fp itf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J ePu;g;gpup KfL vdg;gLk;. ,k;khjpupahd mizfshy; cz;lhFk; Fsq;fs; ePiuj; Njf;fp itg;gJld; tdtpyq;F Gfyplq;fshfTk; mikAk;. 5. kioePu; Nrfupg;G: kioePu; Nrfupg;G vd;gJ tPLfspd; Nkw;$iu kw;Wk; ikjhdq;fspy; tpOk; kioePiu epyj;jbapy; Nrkpj;jNy MFk;. kioapd;NghJ $iufspd; kPJ kw;Wk; ikjhdq;fspy; tpOk; kioePiuf; Foha;fspd; %yk; epyj;jbapy; cs;s jz;zPu;j; njhl;bfspy; Nrfupj;J ekf;Fj; Njitahd NghJ jz;zPu; ,iwf;Fk; ,ae;jpuk; %yk; NkNyw;wpf; nfhs;syhk;. 6. <u epyq;fspy; Nrkpj;J itj;jy;: ,k;Kiwapy; epyj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itf;Fk; ePuhdJ Njitahd Neuj;jpy; kw;w ,lq;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nry;yg; gad;gLfpwJ.
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7. tPLfspy; Nrkpj;jy;: tPLfspy; ehk; jw;NghJ gad;gLj;Jk; ePupd; msit ek; tho;f;if Kiwapy; rpy khWjy;fisf; nfhz;L tUtjd; %yk; Nrkpf;fyhk;. Fiwe;j ePiug; gad;gLj;Jk; Fspay;> cgNahfg;gLj;jpa ePiug; Gy;ntspfSf;Fg; gha;r;Rjy;> tPl;Lj; Njhl;lq;fs;> thfdq;fs; fOTjy; Nghd;w NtiyfSf;Ff; Fiwe;j mstpyhd ePiug; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. Fiwe;jsT ePiug; gad;gLj;Jk; tPl;L cgNahfg; nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 8. njhopw;rhiyfspy; Nrkpj;jy;: ,ae;jpuq;fisf; Fspu;tpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; ePiur; Rj;jpfupj;J kWRow;rpapy; <LgLj;jp kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
44. Gif> Gif vq;F Nehf;fpDk; Gif kz;lyk;. ,r;#oy; cly; eyj;jpw;F Vw;wjh vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhah? fup vupg;gjpdhy; Vw;gLk; jPik gaf;Fk; nray;fisg; gl;baypLf. Gif kz;lykhf cs;s #o;epiy clyeyj;jpw;F Vw;wJ my;y.
fup vupg;gjpdhy; Vw;gLk; jPik gaf;Fk; nray;fs;:
1. ghjhurk;> ANudpak;> Njhupak;> Mu;nrdpf; kw;Wk; fd cNyhfq;fs; fye;j fyitapy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw;wg;gLk; fopTg; nghUl;fs; kdpjDf;F jPq;F tpistpg;gNjhL kl;Lkpd;wp #o;epiyiaAk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. 2. epyf;fupapy; cs;s fe;jfj; Jfs;fs; mkpy kio cUthff; fhuzkhfpd;wd. 3. epyj;jb ePu; kw;Wk; ePu;ts Mjhuq;fisg; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. 4. ePu; kw;Wk; epyk; khRghL milaf; fhuzkhfpd;wJ. 5. khRj;Jfs;fs; cUthfpd;wd. 6. gRikaf thA> fhu;gd;-il-Mf;irL ntspNaw;wg;gl;L fhyepiy khWghl;bw;Fk;> Gtp ntg;gkhjYf;Fk; fhuzkhfpd;wJ. 7. epyf;fupapy; ,Ue;J mjpfg;gbahd CO2 ntspNaw;wg;gl;L thAkz;lyj;ij milfpwJ.
45. m) ,lu;ghL jUk; fopTfs; vd;why; vd;d? M) ,lu;ghL jUk; fopTg; nghUl;fis ifahSk; Kiwfis tpsf;Ff.
m) ,lu;ghL jUk; fopTfs;: capupay; nray;ghLfspd; fhuzkhfNth my;yJ Ez;Zapupfspd; nray;ghLfspd; fhuzkhfNth rpijtilahky; ePz;l fhyj;jpw;F kz;zpy; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; fopTfs;. v.fh: fjpupaf;ff; fopTfs;> kUj;Jtf; fopTfs;.
M) ,lu;ghL jUk; fopTg; nghUl;fis ifahSk; Kiwfs;: 1. epyj;jpy; epug;Gjy;: ,uhZtk; njhlu;ghd ,lu;ghLfisj; jUk; fopTfSk; fjpu;tPr;Rf; fopTfSk; ,k;Kiwapy; ghJfhg;ghf G+kpf;F mbapy; Nrkpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. kpfTk; Mokhd gJq;F Fopfspy; kpf mjpf mstpy; fjpu;tPr;Rj; jpwd; nfhz;l fopTfs; Nrkpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. 2. Mo;fpzW gha;r;Rjy;: ,k;Kiwapy; Jfs;fs;> Jisfs; nfhz;l kz;gug;Gila G+kpapd; kpf Moj;jpy;> epyj;jb ePUf;Fk; fPNo Mo;fpzWfs; Njhz;lg;gLk;. ,f;fpzw;wpy; ,lu;ghLfs; jUk; jputf; fopTfs; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,it kz;zpYs;s Jfs;fs; kw;Wk; JisfSf;Fs; Eioe;J fhyk; fhykhfj; jdpikg;gLj;jg;gl;L mg;gbNa ,Uf;Fk;. 3. vupj;Jr; rhk;gyhf;fy;: ,lu;ghL jUk; capupa kUj;Jtf; fopTfs; vupf;fg;gl;Lr; rhk;gyhf;fg;gLk;. kdpj cly; fopTfs;> J}f;fp vwpag;gLk; kUe;Jfs;> er;Rj; jd;ikf; nfhz;l kUe;J> ,uj;jk;> rPo;> tpyq;Ffspd; fopTfs;> Ez;Zapupapay; kw;Wk; capupj; njhopy;El;gf; fopTfs; Nghd;w capup kUj;Jtf; fopTfs; ,k;Kiwapy; mopf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
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46. m) ,lu;ghlw;w fopTfs; vd;why; vd;d? M) ,lu;ghlw;w fopTg; nghUl;fis ifahSk; Kiwfis tpsf;Ff.
m) ,lu;ghlw;w fopTfs;: xU rpy jplf;fopTfs; vt;tpjj; jPq;ifAk; Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. ,j;jifa fopTfis kWRow;rp Kiwapy; kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;j KbAk;. v.fh: efuhl;rpf; fopTfs;> ,ug;gu;> fhfpjk;.
M) ,lu;ghlw;w fopTg; nghUl;fis ifahSk; Kiwfs;: 1. kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; kWRow;rp Kiwfs;: fopTfspy; ,Ue;J kjpg;G tha;e;j nghUl;fisg; gpupf;fyhk;. ,ug;gu;> fz;zhb> fhfpjk; kw;Wk; Jz;L cNyhfq;fs; Nghd;witfis fopTfspypUe;J jdpNa gpupj;njLj;J kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;JtJ kWRow;rp vdg;gLk;.
fhfpjk;: (54% kWgbAk; gad;gLj;jyhk;) fopTj;jhis kPz;Lk; $ohf;fp mij kWRow;rpapy; <LgLj;jp ml;ilg; ngl;bfs; Nghd;w nghUl;fshf cw;gj;jp nra;ayhk;. fz;zhb: (20% kWgbAk; gad;gLj;jyhk;) fz;zhbfis ed;F nehWf;fp> nghbnghbahf;fp GJf; fz;zhbr; rhkhd;fis jahupf;fyhk;. my;yJ me;j nehWf;fiyf; fl;Lkhd gzpfSf;fhd rpkpl;bf; fyit (fhd;fpuPl;)> rhiyfSf;fhd ePyf;fPy; fyit (M];ghy;l;) Nghd;witfshf khw;wyhk;. czTf;fopT kw;Wk; Njhl;lf; fopTfis (,iyfs; kw;Wk; Gw;fs;) kl;fr; nra;J epyj;ij tskhf;Fk; kl;F vU cw;gj;jp nra;ayhk;.
47. m) ePu; Nkyhz;ik vd;why; vd;d? M) ed;dPu; tsq;fs; gw;wp vOJf.
m) ePu; Nkyhz;ik: ePupd; Njit mjpfkhf ,Ug;gjhYk;> ek;Kila ePupd; tsq;fs; Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhYk; fpilf;fg;ngw;w xt;nxhU nrhl;L ePiuAk; ghJfhf;f ehk; eltbf;iffs; vLf;f Ntz;Lk;. M) ed;dPu; tsq;fs;: ePupd; %y Mjhuq;fs; kioePu; kw;Wk; ntz;gdp MFk;. 1. Nkw;gug;G ePu;: ,e;jpahtpy; mjpf mstpy; MWfSk;> VupfSk;> ePNuhilfSk; kw;Wk; Fsq;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;wpypUe;J ngwg;gLk; ePu; Nkw;gug;G ePu; vdg;gLk;. 2. epyj;jb ePu;: kz; mLf;FfSf;F fPNo fhzg;gLk; ePu; epyj;jb ePu; vdg;gLk;. kioapd; NghJ kz; Jfs;fSf;fpilNa kioePu; cs;Ns Eioe;J Jthuq;fSila ghiwfspd; topNa nrd;W epyj;jb ePuhf khWfpwJ. ,e;j ghiwfSk; NghJkhd ePiu cwpQ;rpf; nfhs;fpwJ. epyj;jb ePu; mstpd; Nkw;gug;G epyj;jb ePu;kl;lk; vdg;gLk;. ,e;j epyj;jb ePu; jhtuq;fspd; tsu;r;rpf;F Kf;fpakhd xd;whFk;. kdpju;fSk; epyj;jb ePiu Mo;Foha; fpzW kw;Wk; fpzWfspd; %ykhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhu;fs;. kiog; nghopT FiwT kw;Wk; fhLfis mopj;jy; Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; epyj;jb ePu; FiwTf;F fhuzkhf mikfpd;wJ.
48. Fsr; #o;epiy kz;lyj;jpd; $Wfis vOJf.
capuw;w fhuzpfs;: #upa xsp> ntg;gepiy> i`l;u[d;> madpr; nrwpT> fhu;gd;-il-Mf;irL> Mf;]p[d;> fhu;gNdl;> gh];Ngl; kw;Wk; fe;jfk; Nghd;w fdpkg; nghUl;fs;> fhu;Nghi`l;Nul;> Gujk;> nfhOg;G Nghd;w fupkg; nghUl;fs;. capUs;sf; fhuzpfs;: 1. cw;gj;jpahsu;fs;: ePu;tho;j; jhtuq;fshd i`l;upy;yh> thyp];Ndupah> fpshkpNlhNkhdh];> ];igNuhifuh kw;Wk; thy;thf;];Nghd;w jhtu kpjit capupfs;.
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2. Kjy;epiy Efu;Nthu;fs;: jhtu kpjit capupfis cz;Zk; tpyq;F kpjit capupfs;. v.fh: rpW G+r;rpfs;> jl;lhd; G+r;rpapd; ,sk; capupfs;. 3. ,uz;lhk; epiy Efu;Nthu;fs;: Kjy;epiy Efu;Nthu;fs; my;yJ jhtu cz;zpfis cz;Zfpd;w capupdq;fs;. v.fh: rpW kPd;fs;> jtis> ePu;g;G+r;rpfs;. 4. %d;whk; epiy Efu;Nthu;fs;: ,uz;lhk; epiy Efu;Nthu;fis cz;L thOk; capupdq;fs;. v.fh: ngupa kPd;fs;> kPd;nfhj;jp. 5. rpijg;gitfs;: jhtu> tpyq;fpd clyq;fisAk; fopTfisAk; rpijf;fpd;wd. v.fh: ghf;Bupahf;fs;> G+Q;irfs;.
49. m) ngl;Nuhypak; vt;thW cUthfpd;wJ? M) ngl;Nuhypaj;jpd; Rw;Wr;#oy; tpisTfs; ahit? ,) ngl;Nuhypaj;jpw;F khw;W vupg; nghUl;fis vOJf.
m) ngl;Nuhypak; cUthjy;: ngl;Nuhypak; flypy; thOk; capupdq;fsplkpUe;J Njhd;WfpwJ. flypy; thOk; capupdq;fs; ,we;j gpwF mit flypd; mbkl;lj;jpy; gbfpd;wJ. gpd;du; mit kzy; kw;Wk; kz;zhy; %lg;gLfpd;wd. gy kpy;ypad; Mz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF> fhw;wpy;yh epiyapy; mjpf ntg;gepiyapy; kw;Wk; mjpf mOj;jj;jpy; ,we;j capupdq;fspd; rpijthdg; nghUl;fs; ngl;Nuhypak; my;yJ ,aw;if thAthf khWfpd;wd. M) ngl;Nuhypaj;jpd; Rw;Wr;#oy; tpisTfs;: vz;nza; frpTfs;: 1. Rj;jpfupf;fg;glhj vz;nza; tpgj;Jf;fspdhy; fg;gy;fspypUe;J frpe;J ,aw;ifr; #o;epiy kz;lyk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 2. vz;nza;f; frptpdhy; epyj;jpy; Vw;gLk; rPu;NfLfis tpl flypy; mjpf msT rPu;NfLfs; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. fly;ePu; kl;lj;jpd; kPJ vz;nza;f; frpTfs; gbtjhy; fly; gwitfs;> ghY}l;bfs;> kPd;fs; kw;Wk; ,ju capupdq;fs; mopa NeupLfpwJ. jhu; ge;Jfs;: vz;nza;f; frptpdhy; fly;ePu; kl;lj;jpy; kpjf;ff;$ba vz;nza; rpjwy;fs; jhu; ge;Jfs; vdg;gLk;. ,it fly;ePu; khR Vw;gLtjw;F Kf;fpa fhuakhf mikfpd;wJ. ,) ngl;Nuhypaj;jpw;F khw;W vupg; nghUl;fs;: 1. cs; vup ,ae;;;;;;jpuq;fs;. 2. kpd;rhuk;> fhw;W mOj;jg;gl;l my;yJ vupnry;. 3. ,aw;if thAtpdhy; ,aq;ff;$ba thfdq;fs;.
50. m) gRik Ntjpapay; vd;why; vd;d? M) gRik Ntjpapaypd; Nehf;fq;fs; ahit? ,) gRik Ntjpapaypd; Kf;fpa nfhs;iffs; ahit?
m) gRik Ntjpapay;: gRik Ntjpapay; vd;gJ Fiwe;j msNt jPik tpistpf;ff;$ba Ntjpg; nghUl;fis cUthf;FtJ my;yJ mg;nghUl;fis gad;ghl;bypUe;J mwNt ePf;Fk; xUtpj Gjpa topKiw MFk;. M) gRik Ntjpapaypd; Nehf;fq;fs;: 1. gioa cw;gj;jp KiwfSf;Fg; gjpy; Gjpa gRik tpidfs;. v.fh: fupkf; fiury;fs; kwWk; ePUf;Fg; gjpyhf fiury;fs; gad;glhj tpidfs;. 2. gioa Ntjpg; nghUl;fs; jahupf;Fk; Kiwf;Fg; gjpyhf Gjpa gRik cw;gj;jp. v.fh: ngl;Nuhypa Ntjpg; nghUl;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf capup Mw;wiyg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 3. Fiwe;j er;Rj; jd;ik nfhz;l nghUl;fshy; Md khwh Ntjpapay; gz;Gfisf; nfhz;l nghUl;fis jahupj;jy;. v.fh: gapu;fisg; ghjpf;fhj G+r;rpfis kl;LNk nfhy;yf; $ba Gjpa G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp kUe;Jfs;.
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,) gRik Ntjpapaypd; Kf;fpa nfhs;iffs;: 1. fopTg; nghUl;fis Rj;jpfupj;jy; kw;Wk; ePf;Fjiy tpl fopTfs; cUthjiy jLg;gNj rpwe;jJ. 2. jPq;F tpistpf;fhj my;yJ rpwpjsNt jPq;F tpistpf;ff;$ba nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;jy;. 3. Ntjpg; nghUl;fis; Fiwe;j msNt NfL tpistpf;ff;$ba tifapYk; gadpy; vt;tpj FiwTk; ,y;yhj tifapy; ghu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
51. gRik Ntjpapaypd; tpisthf cz;lhFk; nghUl;fisg; gw;wp vOJf. gRik Ntjpapaypd; tpisthf cz;lhFk; nghUl;fs;: 1. fhuPak; ,y;yhj gw;w itg;ghd;fs; kw;Wk; fhuPak; ,y;yhj ngapz;l; kw;Wk; kpd;fy Rj;jpfupg;ghd;fs;. 2. capup gpsh];bf;Ffs;: kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> cUisf;fpoq;F kw;Wk; jhtug; nghUl;fspypUe;J jahupf;fg;gl;l gpsh];bf;Ffs;. 3. vspjpy; jPg;gpbf;fhjg; nghUl;fs;. 4. `hNyh[d; ,y;yhj jP mizg;ghd;fs;. v.fh: rpypf;fhd; rhu;e;j nghUl;fiwg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. vjpu;fhyg; nghUl;fs;: 1. fhy;eilj; jPtdj;jpw;fhd %yg;nghUl;fs; Fiwtjw;Fg; gjpyhf GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f Gjpag; nghUl;fs;. 2. jdpk msit Ntjpf; fhuzpfSf;Fg; gjpyhf tpidA+f;fp Ntjpf;fhuzpfis cUthf;Fjy;.
jkpo;ehl;bYs;s tdtpyq;Ffspd; ruzhyaq;fs;:
ruzhyaj;jpd; ngau; ,lk; tpyq;Ffs;
,e;jpuhfhe;jp td capup ruzhyak;
Nkw;Fj; njhlu;r;rp kiy
Gyp> rpWj;ij> Ks;sk; gd;wp> ePyfpup jhu;khd;> GZFg;G+id> ahid> fhl;nlUik> vUk;Gj;jpd;dp.
fsf;fhL td capup ruzhyak;
jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk;
rpq;fthy; Fuq;F> rhk;ghu; khd;> fub> fhl;nlUik> gwf;Fk; mzpy;.
=tpypyGj;J}u; mzpy; ruzhyak;
tpUJefu; khtl;lk; mzpy;> vypkhd;> Fiyf;Fk; khd;> ku%Q;#W.
Ntle;jhq;fy; gwitfs; ruzhyak;
fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk; flw;gwit> rhk;gy; ehiu> Crpthy; thj;J> nghf;F> fuz;b myF ehiu kw;Wk; ntspehl;Lg; gwitfs;.
KJkiy td capup ruzhyak;
ePyfpup khtl;lk; ahid> fhl;nlUik> yq;$u;> Gyp> rpWj;ij> fub> rpq;fKff;Fuq;F> eup> Kssk;gd;wp>fPup.
tpuhypkiy jpUr;rp khtl;lk; kapy;
kd;dhu; tisFlh fly; Njrpag; G+q;fh
uhkehjGuk; kw;Wk; J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;l flNyhug;gFjpfs;
gtsg;ghiw> fly;gR> Mik> lhy;gpd;> NgyNdhfpshr];.
Kz;le;Jiw td capup ruzhyak;
jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk;
Gyp> fub> yq;$u;> Fuq;F> fhl;Leha;.
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ty;yehL fWg;G khd; ruzhyak;
J}j;Jf;Fb khtl;lk; fWg;G khd;> fhl;Lg; G+id> Kay;> fPup.
mwpQu; mz;zh tpyq;fpay; G+q;fh
tz;lY}u; fhQ;rpGuk; khtl;lk;
rpq;fk;> ahid> Gyp> Fuq;F.
Kf;FUj;jp Njrpa G+q;fh ePyfpup kiy Gyp
Nfhbaf;fiu td capup ruzhyak;
ehfg;gl;bzk; khtl;lk;
Gs;spkhd;> fhl;nlUik> Fuq;F.
Midkiy td capup ruzhyak;
Nkw;Fj; njhlu;r;rp kiyapd; rupTfs;
GZFg;G+id> Ks;sk;gd;wp> fhl;nlUik> Gyp> rpWj;ij> eIyfpup jhu;khd;.
Kf;fpa Njrpag; G+q;fhf;fs;> tdr; ruzhyaq;fs; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gg; gFjpfs;:
ngau; ,lk; tpyq;Ffs;
ge;jpg;G+u; Njrpag; G+q;fh (,J Gypg;ghJfhg;Gg; gFjp)
fu;ehlf khepyk; ,e;jpaf; fhl;nkUik> Gs;sp khd;> fub> Gyp> ahid.
fhu;ngl; Njrpag; G+q;fh (,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; Njrpag; G+q;fh kw;Wk; Gypg;ghJfhg;Gg; gFjp)
cj;juhQ;ry; Gyp> rpl;ly;> ahid> rpWj;ij> fhl;Lg;G+id> fub.
fpu; Njrpag; G+q;fh F[uhj; Mrpar; rpq;fk;.
fd;`h Njrpag; G+q;fh (,J Gypg;ghJfhg;Gg; gFjp)
kj;jpag;gpuNjrk; khd;> Gyp> Gs;sp khd;> fWg;G khd;> Xeha;.
guj;G+u; gwit ruzhyak; ,uh[];jhd; 374 gwit ,dq;fs; v.fh: ,e;jpa ehiu> nfhf;F> fUg;G fOj;J ehiu> fuz;b myF ehiu> jpwe;j myF ehiu Nghd;wit.
khd]; td capup ruzhyak; (,J Gypg;ghJfhg;Gg; gFjp)
mrhk; Kay;> gd;wp> jq;f epw ePs thy; Fuq;F> Gyp.
Re;jutd Njrpag; G+q;fh (,J Gypg;ghJfhg;Gg; gFjp)
Nkw;F tq;fhsk; tq;fhsg; Gyp
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gFjp – m
1. ePupdhy; cz;lhFk; Neha;f;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L – ilgha;L. 2. gbe;j kw;Wk; kpjf;Fk; nghUl;fis ,e;j Rj;jpfupg;G Kiwapy; ePf;fyhk; – Kjy; epiy Rj;jpfupg;G. 3. vJ jpUk;g ngw ,ayhj tsk; – fup> ngl;Nuhypak;> ,aw;if thA. 4. ,aw;if thAtpy; fhzg;gLk; Kjd;ikahd nghUs; – kPj;Njd;. 5. ePupy; fiue;Js;s khRf;fis ePf;fg; gad;gLk; Kiw – ,uz;lhk; epiy Rj;jpfupg;G. 6. fopTePu; Rj;jpfupg;gpy; <LgLk; Ez;Zapup – iel;NuhNrhkdh]; A+Nug;gpNa. 7. tsUk; ehLfspy; vj;jid rjtPj kf;fs; Flw;GOf;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu; – 10%. 8. cyfpy; vj;jid gpy;ypad; kf;fs; kNyupahthy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;whu;fs; – 300 gpy;ypad;. 9. #upa Mw;wiy kpd;dhw;wyhf khw;Wk; fUtp – xspkpd;fyk;. 10. ___________ ypUe;J mZf;fU Mw;wy; jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ. – ANudpak;. 11. rJg;G epyq;fspy; __________ thA FHZG;GlFPWj. – kPj;;Njd;. 12. jhtu ru;f;fiug; nghUis nehjpf;fr; nra;J jahupf;fg;gLtJ – gNah vj;jdhy;. 13. cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s ePupd; nkhj;j gug;gsT – 1400 kpy;ypad; fp.kP3 14. G+kpapy; vj;jid rjtpfpjk; ed;dPu; cs;sJ – 2.4%. 15. CFL gy;Gfisg; gad;gLj;Jtjhy; Mz;bw;F Nrkpf;fg;gLk; kpd;rhuj;jpd; msT – 6000 nkfhthl;. 16. fPo;fz;l ve;j thAtpypUe;J cuk; jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ – kPj;Njd;. 17. gNah Bry; vjpypUe;J jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ – jhtu vz;nza; kw;Wk; nfhOg;G. 18. G+kpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy;XLk; ed;dPu; vt;thW miof;fg;gLfpwJ – Mu;Brpad; Cw;Wfs;. 19. epyf;fup gLiffspd; kPJ fhzg;gLk; thA – kPj;Njd;. 20. kuG rhu; tsq;fs; vit - #upa Mw;wy;> i`l;u[d;> fhw;W Mw;wy;.
gFjp – M
21. A kw;Wk; B efuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; njhw;W Neha;fs; gl;il tiuglkhf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1. nlq;F fha;r;ry; 2. vypf;fha;r;ry; 3. fhyuh 4. rpf;Fd; Fdpah
A
AA
AB
BB
B
–
1 2 3 4
m) efuk; A apy; fhzg;gLk; Neha;f;F vd;d fhuzk;? M) ve;j efuj;jpw;F fopTePf;fk; kw;Wk; J}a;ik mjpf mstpy; Njitg;gLfpwJ? ,) A efuj;jpy; cs;s Nehapid vt;thW fl;LgLj;Jtha;?
8. fopTePu; Nkyhz;ik
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m) J}a;ikapd;ik> gw;whf; Fiwahd J}a;ikahd ePu; kw;Wk; Jg;GuT trjpapd;ik Mfpatw;wpd; fhuzkhf efuk; A apy; Neha;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. M) efuk; A apy; fopTePf;fk; kw;Wk; J}a;ik mjpf mstpy; Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,) Kiwahd fopTePu; Nkyhz;ik kw;Wk; jplf; fopTfis Nkyhz;ik nra;tjd; %yk; A efuj;jpy; cs;s Nehapid fl;LgLj;jyhk;.
22. xU fpuhkj;jpy; 2008-2009 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gl;l njhw;W Neha;fspd; tpguk; tl;l tiuglkhf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jidf; $u;e;J Nehf;fp fPo;fz;ltw;wpw;F tpilaspf;fTk;.
m) ngUk;ghyhd kf;fis jhf;fpa Neha;fs; ahit? M) vt;thW ,e;j Neha;fs; guTfpd;wd? ,) kw;w ,U Neha;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; VNjDk; %d;W Kiwfis vOJf.
m) ngUk;ghyhd kf;fisj; jhf;fpa Neha;fs; nlq;F fha;r;ry; kw;Wk; rpf;Fd; Fdpah MFk;. M) ,e;j Neha;fs; nfhRf;fs; kdpjidf; fbg;gjd; %yk; guTfpd;wd. ,) 1. khR mile;j ePiuf; Fbf;ff; $lhJ. 2. Rfhjhu Kiwfis Nkk;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. 3. jd; Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; fopTfis Kiwahf mfw;Wjy; %yk; fl;Lg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
23. khwpAs;s jpUk;gg; ngw ,aYk; kw;Wk; jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsq;fis rupahfg; nghUj;Jf.
tsq;fs; A B C
jpUk;gg; ngWk; tsq;fs;
fup fhw;W ngl;Nuhypak;
jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsq;fs;
i`l;u[d; ,aw;if thA #upa Mw;wy;
tsq;fs; A B C
jpUk;gg; ngWk; tsq;fs;
i`l;u[d; fhw;W #upa Mw;wy;
jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsq;fs;
fup ,aw;if thA ngl;Nuhypak;
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24. nghUe;jhjij ePf;Ff. m) capup My;f`hy;> gr;ir Bry;> capup <ju;> ngl;Nuhypak;. M) fhyuh> ilgha;L> nrhwprpuq;F> rPjNgjp.
m) ngl;Nuhypak; - ,J capup vupnghUs; my;y. ,J gbk vupnghUs; MFk;. M) nrhwprpuq;F - ,J ePiu Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;jhjjhy; cz;lhFk; Neha; MFk;.
25. jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsk; vd;gJ xU ,aw;if tsk;. ,jid kdpj Efu;tpd; Ntfj;ijtpl kpf Ntfkhf ,aw;if epfo;tpdhy; khw;wyhk;. Nkw;fz;l $w;iwg; gbj;J> jtwhdjh my;yJ rupahdjh vd;gij cWjpnra;. jtwhf ,Ue;jhy;> rupahdf; $w;wpidf; $W.
Nkw;fz;l $w;W jtwhdJ.
jpUk;gg; ngWk; tsk; vd;gJ xU ,aw;if tsk;. ,jid kdpj Efu;tpd; Ntfj;ijtpl kpf Ntfkhf ,aw;if epfo;tpdhy; khw;wyhk;.
26. Mw;wiy Nrkpf;f cjTk; rhjdq;fis fPo;fz;ltw;wpypUe;J Nju;e;njLf;fTk;. xspUk; gy;Gfs;> jhkpu kpd; mil> #upa ePu; #Nlw;wp> kpd; ePu; #Nlw;wp> lq;];ld; tpsf;Ffs;> kpd;dZ kpd; mil.
Mw;wiy Nrkpf;f cjTk; rhjdq;fs; KiwNa xspUk; gy;Gfs;> #upa ePu; #Nlw;wp>; kpd;dZ kpd; mil Mfpait MFk;.
27. nghUj;Jf: 1. rpWePu; fye;j ePu; - rPjNgjp 2. ePiu ruptu gad;gLj;jhjJ - cz;zp Neha;fs; 3. ePubg;gil Neha;fs; - ,uj;jg;GO 4. ePu; njhlu;Gila Neha;fs; - kNyupah
28. nghUj;Jf: 1. Mw;wy; Nrkpg;G - CFL 2. kNyupah - 300 kpy;ypad; kf;fs; 3. fly;ePu; - 2.4% 4. xsp kpd;fyk; - 50%
29. nghUj;Jf: 1. capup vuprhuhak; - jhtuq;fspd; ru;f;fiug; nghUs; 2. capup Bry; - jhtu vz;nza; 3. ,aw;if thA - fhw;wpy;yh rpijT 4. capup thA - kPj;Njd;
nghUe;jhjijf; fz;lwpjy;:
30. capup vupnghUl;fspy; nghUe;jhjJ. 1. gRik Bry; 2. gNah Bry; 3. jhtu vz;nza;fs; 4. ngl;Nuhypak; tpil: ngl;Nuhypak;
31. GJg;gpf;ff; $ba Mw;wy; tsq;fspy; nghUe;jhjJ. 1. fhw;W 2. epyf;fup 3. i`l;u[d; 4. ePu;kpd; epiyaq;fs; tpil: epyf;fup
32. ePiu Kiwahfg; gad;gLj;jhjjhy; tUk; Neha;fspy; nghUe;jhjJ. 1. nrhwprpuq;F 2. ghu;it ,og;G 3. tapw;Wg;Nghf;F 4. cz;zp Neha;fs; tpil: tapw;Wg;Nghf;F
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33. tPLfspy; Mw;wy; Nrkpg;gpy; nghUe;jhjJ. 1. Fz;L gy;Gfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy; 2. CFL gy;Gfs; gad;gLj;Jjy; 3. Foha; gy;Gfs; gad;gLj;Jjy; 4. kpd;dZ kpd; mil gad;gLj;Jjy; tpil: Fz;L gy;Gfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;
34. Mw;wy; Nkyhz;ik vd;why; vd;d? Mw;wy; Nkyhz;ik vd;gJ kf;fs; thOk; tPLfspYk; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fspYk; Mw;wy; Nrkpg;igf; fz;fhzpg;gJ kw;Wk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; epfo;T MFk;.
35. capup vupnghUs; vd;why; vd;d? capu; jpus;fspypUe;J ngwg;gLk; vupnghUs; capup vupnghUs; vdg;gLk;. ,tw;Ws; jpl> jput kw;Wk; thA vupnghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gy capup thAf;fSk; mlq;Fk;. v.fh: 1. capup vuprhuhak; 2. gRik Bry; 3. capup Bry; 4. jhtu vz;nza;fs; 5. gNah <ju; 6. capup thA
36. kpd;dZ rhjd cgNahfj;jpd; %yk; vt;thW Mw;wiy Nrkpf;fyhk;? 1. njhiyf;fhl;rp kw;Wk; xyp rhjdq;fisg; gad;gLj;jhj NghJ kpd; njhlu;igj; Jz;bj;jy;. kpd; njhlu;ig Jz;bf;fhkypUf;Fk; NghJ xU rhjdj;jpw;F Rkhu; 10 thl; tiu kpd;rhu ,og;G Vw;gLfpwJ. 2. kbf;fzpdp> nry;yplg;Ngrp> vz;zpay; glf;fUtp Nghd;w rhjdq;fis kpd;Ndw;wk; nra;Ak; NghJ NghJkhd epiyapy; kpd; njhlu;igj; Jz;bg;gjd; %yk; kpd;rf;jpia Nrkpf;fyhk;.
37. ryit ve;jpu cgNahfj;jpd; %yk; vt;thW Mw;wiy Nrkpf;fyhk;? 1. NghJkhd msT Jzpfs; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ kl;LNk gad;gLj;j ntz;Lk;. 2. Njitahd msT ePiu kl;Lk; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 3. ryitf;fhFk; Neuj;ij ve;jpuj;jpy; gjpT nra;J kpd;rhuj;ij Nrkpj;jy;. 4. rupahd msT mOf;F ePf;fpfisg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 5. kpFe;j mOf;fhd JzpfSf;F kl;Lk; nte;ePu; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 6. Fspu;e;j ePiuNa Jzp myRtjw;F vg;NghJk; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
Prepared By M.MANIKANDAN BT ASST IN SCIENCE GOVT BOYS HR SEC SCHOOL NATCHIARKOIL-612602 CELL: 9787896680