1 melting temperature 1,680 -...
TRANSCRIPT
Th
erm
al
Pro
pert
y T
ab
les
TA
BL
E
Th
erm
al
Pro
pert
ies
ofS
ele
cte
dM
eta
llic
Ele
men
tsa
t2
93
K(2
0°C
)o
r(6
5°F
)
Spec
ific
heat,
Th
erm
al
co
nd
ucti
vit
y,
Dif
fusi
vit
y,a
Melt
ing
tem
pera
ture
Sp
ecif
icE
lem
en
t g
rav
ity
x
xK
"R
Alu
min
um
Ber
yll
ium
Ch
rom
ium
Co
pp
er
Go
ldIr
on
Lea
dM
ag
nesi
um
Man
gan
ese
Mo
lyb
den
um
Nic
kel
Pla
tin
um
Po
tass
ium
Sil
ico
nS
ilver
Tin
Tit
an
ium
Tu
ng
sten
Ura
niu
mV
an
ad
ium
Zin
c
2.7
02
1.8
50
7.1
60
8.9
33
19.3
00
7.8
70
11.3
40
1.7
40
10.2
40
8.9
00
21 0.8
60
2.3
30
5.7
50
4.5
00
19.3
00
19.0
70
6.1
00
7.1
40
896
1750
383
129
452
129
1017
486
133
741
703
227
611
134
113
502
385
0.2
14
0.4
18
0.0
308
0.1
08
0.0
308
0.2
43
0.1
16
0.1
07
0.0
318
0.1
68
0.0
559
0.0
542
0.0
320
0.0
270
0.1
20
0.0
920
236
205
399
316
91.4
31.1
35.3
156
138
91
71.4
103
153
4277.7
8
22.0
27.4
31.4
179
121
136
118
231
183
52.8
18.0
20.4 4.5
079.7
52.6
41.2
59.6
88.4
38.7
12.7
15.8
18.1
69.9
247
103
97.5
63.3
29.0
116.6
126.9
22.8
24.1
88.2
2.2
53.7
22.9
25.0
161.6
93.4
173.8
51.3 8.0
69.2
12.7
10.3
0.6
81
0.3
12
1.2
61.3
70.2
45
0.2
59
0.9
49
0.0
236
0.2
46
0.2
69
1.7
41.0
11.8
70.5
52
0.0
861
0.7
45
0.1
37
0.1
11
0.4
74
933
1550
2118
1356
1336
1810
923
1517
2883
1726
2042
337
1685
1234
505
19
53
3653
2192
693
1,6
80
3,8
12
2,4
41
2,4
05
3,2
58
1,0
82 1 1
5,1
89
3,1
07
3,6
76
607
3,0
33
2,2
21
909
3,5
15
6,5
75
2,5
33
3,9
46
1,2
47
Source:
Dat
afr
om
seve
ralsources.
No
tes:
Densi
ty=
=sp
ecif
icg
rav
ity
x62.4
=sp
ecif
icg
rav
ity
x1
Als
o,a
=
Dif
fusi
vit
y=a;for
alu
min
um
,a
x=
a=
x
TA
BL
EB
.2
Th
erm
al
Pro
pert
ies
of
Sele
cte
dA
llo
ys
at
293
K(20°C)
or
(65°F)
Sp
ecif
ich
eat,
Th
erm
al
con
du
ctiv
ity,
Dif
fusi
vit
y,a
Ba
se m
etal
Co
mp
osi
tio
ngra
vit
yx
x
Alu
min
um
Du
ralu
min
Sil
um
in
Al -
bro
nze
Bro
nze
Red
bra
ssB
rass
Ger
ma
n s
ilv
er
Con
sta
nta
n
Cast
Wro
ught
iro
n
Carb
on
ste
el
Co
pp
er
Iron
Ste
el Ch
rom
e st
eel
Ch
ro
me
Nic
kel
steel
nic
kel
ste
el
chro
me
steel
Man
ga
nes
e
Sil
icon
stee
lS
tain
less
Tu
ng
sten
stee
l
3-5
Cu
.
tr2.7
87
833
164
94.7
7.1
87
Al,
13
Si
871
0.2
08
164
94.7
7.0
99
95
Cu
,5
410
0.0
979
83
47.9
2.3
30
2.5
08
75
Cu
,25
Sn
343
26
15.0
0.9
25
85
Cu
,9
Sn,
6Z
n8.7
14
38.5
0.0
920
61
35.2
1.8
04
1.9
42
70
Cu
,30
8.5
22
385
0.0
920
111
64.1
3.4
12
3.6
73
62
Cu
,15
Ni,
Zn
8.6
18
394
0.0
941
24.9
14.4
60
Cu
,40
Ni
4c
0.5
CH
c1
Cr
5C
r10
Cr
15
Cr,
10
Ni
20
Cr,
15
Ni
10N
iN
i40
Ni
60
Ni
Ni,
15
C40
Ni,
15
C1
Mn
5M
n1
Si
5S
i
347
8.9
22
410
420
7.8
49
7.8
01
473
7.7
53
486
7.8
65
7.8
33
7.7
85
7.8
65
7.8
33
7.9
93
8.1
69
8.3
78
8.5
22
8.0
73
7.8
65
7.8
49
7.7
69
7.4
17
7.8
17
461
7.8
17
461
7.9
13
448
8.0
73
435
0.1
00
0.1
10
0.1
16
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
10
0.1
07
22.7
52
30.0
59
34.1
43
36
20.8
61
35.2
40
23.1
31
17.9
19
11.0
18.7
226 19
11.0
5.7
819
11.0
17
9.8
211.6
6.7
050
28.9
22
4224.3
19
11.0
14.4
8.3
2
14.3
8.2
666
54
0.6
12
1.6
26
1.1
72
0.9
70
0.8
67
0.5
26
0.4
15
0.7
20
0.2
79
0.4
93
0.3
05
1.3
88
0.6
37
1.1
64
0.5
55
0.3
87
1.5
25
1.8
32
1.0
41.7
92
1.1
95
0.9
33
0.5
66
0.3
00
0.5
31
0.4
78
0.3
28
0.686
1.1
64
0.4
17
0.4
17
1.6
42
No
tes:
=p
=sp
ecif
icgra
vit
yx
62.4
=sp
ecif
ic g
ravit
y x
Dif
fusi
vit
y=a;
for
Du
ralu
min
,a
=6.6
76
soa
=
Als
o,a
=
XT
AB
LE
B.3
Th
erm
al
Pro
per
ties
ofS
ele
cte
dB
uil
din
g M
ate
rials
an
d I
nsu
lati
on
s a
t2
93
K(2
0°C
)or
(65
°F)
Sp
ecif
ic h
eat,
T
herm
al
con
du
cti
vit
y,
Dif
fusi
vit
y,
Sp
ecif
ic
Mate
ria
l gravit
y
J/(
K)
xx
Asb
est
os
Asp
halt
Bak
eli
te
Bri
ck Carb
oru
nd
um
Co
mm
on
Magn
esi
te
Maso
nry
Sil
ica
Card
board
Cem
en
t(h
ard
)C
lay
(48.7
%m
ois
t)
Co
al
(an
thracit
e)
Con
crete
(d
ry)
Cork
board
Cork
(ex
pa
nd
ed
)
Eart
h(d
iato
ma
ceo
us)
Eart
h(c
lay w
ith
28%
mo
ist)
Eart
h(s
an
dy w
ith
8%
mo
ist)
0.3
83
2.1
20
1.2
70
816
0.1
95
0.1
13
0.6
98
0.2
33
0.4
03
0.1
35
0.0
36
3.8
8
5.8
23.3
62.2
00
1.8
00
840
0.2
01
3
2.6
80.6
58
1 0.3
81.700
837
0.200
0.0
46
5.0
1.0
7
1.0
47
1.2
60.2
38
0.1
28
0.0
42
0.0
36
0.1
26
0.6
18
0.7
28
0.1
37
0.074
0.0
243
0.0
208
0.072
1.5
45
1.3
70
0.500
0.1
20
0.466
880
260
837
1880
0.210
0.3
01
0.0
49
10.9
5.3
879
0.2
10
0.0
31
3.3
11.5
10.8
72
11.0
50.6
07
TA
BL
EB
.3
(co
nti
nu
ed)
Gla
ssG
lass
(win
do
wp
an
e)G
lass
(wo
ol)
Gra
nit
eIc
ea
t0°C
Kap
ok
Lin
ole
um
Mic
aP
ine
bark
Pla
ster
Ple
xig
las
Ply
wo
od
Poly
styre
ne
Ru
bb
er
Eb
on
ite
Mo
ist
Sa
wd
ust
San
d
Fir
,p
ine,
an
d
Oa
k
Fib
ersh
eets
spru
ce
Wo
ol
0.2
20
2.8
00
0.2
00
0.9
13
0.3
42
1.8
00
1.1
80
1.0
50
1 0.2
24
0.2
15
0.7
05
0.2
00
800
670
18
30
2720
2390
0.035
0.1
91
0.8
1
0.1
60
0.4
37
2.22
3.0
0.0
35
0.08
1
0.5
23
0.0
80
0.8
14
0.1
95
0.1
09
0.1
57
0.1
63
0.5
82
1.13
0.0
71
0.6
50
0.19
0.0
55
0.0
47
0.03
8
0.02
0.4
7
1.73
1.2
80.
02
0.0
47
0.3
02
0.4
70.
113
0.06
3
0.2
69
0.0
942
0.03
18
0.3
36
0.6
53
0.0
41
0.034
0.0
28
0.1
24
3.66
3.0
20.6
7
0.0
87
0.0
12 4
1.33
0.1
11
31.2
20.0
318
0.0
172
No
tes:
Den
sity
==
specific
gra
vit
yx
62.4
=specific
gra
vit
yx
Als
o,
=
Dif
fusi
vit
y=a;
forasbestos,a
x=0.036
soa
=0.0
36
x
3 3
Satu
rate
dL
iqu
idP
rop
ert
yT
ab
les
TA
BL
E
Pro
pert
ies
ofS
atu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:
Am
mo
nia
Sp
ecif
icT
her
mal
hea
r,K
inem
ati
cco
nd
uct
ivit
y,
Th
erm
al
Tem
p,
vis
co
sity
,v
dif
fusi
vit
y,
Pra
nd
tlW
BT
U
gra
vit
yn
um
ber
,P
r
-50
-58
-40
-40
-30
-22
-20
-4
-10
14
032
10
50
20
68
30
40
50
122
0.7
03
0.6
91
0.6
53
0.6
26 1
0.5%
0.5
64
4463
4476
4509
4635
1.1
07
4714
1.1
26
4798
1.1
46
4890
1.1
68
1.1
94
5116
0.4
35
x
0.3
87
0.3
81
0.3
73
0.3
68
0.3
59
0.3
49
0.3
30
x0.5
47
0.4
37
0.5
47
0.4
17
0.5
49
0.4
10
0.5
47
05
43
0.4
02
0.3
%
0.3
86
05
21
0.3
76
0.3
66
0.4
93
0.4
76
0.3
16
0.3
16
0.3
17
0.3
14
0.3
12
0.3
01
0.2
85
0.2
75
x2.6
0
6.8
82.2
8
1.8
01
6.9
8
1.8
19
7.0
52.0
9
1.8
25
7.0
7
1.8
19
7.0
52.0
5
1.8
01
6.9
0
1.7
42
6.7
52.0
1
1.7
01
6.5
92.0
0
1.9
9
2.0
2x
--
Da
tata
ken
from
An
aly
sisof
and
Tra
nsf
er
E.R.
G.
an
dR
.M
.D
rak
e,Jr.
.T
aylo
rF
rancis
Inc.
1972.U
sed
wit
hp
erm
issi
on
.
TA
BLE
C.2
Pro
pert
ies
of
Satu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:C
arb
on
Dio
xid
e
Th
erm
al
Sp
ecif
ic
Kin
emati
cT
her
mal
Tem
p,
vis
cosi
ty,
va
Pra
nd
rl
spec
ific
Wn
um
ber
.
gra
vit
yP
r
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10 0
10
-58
-40
-22
-4
14 32 50
68
86
1.156
1.117
1.076
1.032
0.926
0597
1880
970
2050
2180
2470
3140
36
0.45
0.47
0.49
052
0.59
0.75
1.2
8.7
0.119
x
0.118
0.117
0.113
0.101
0.080
0.128
x
0.127
0.126
0.124
0.117
0.1011
0.1116
0.1151
0.0703
0.0584
0.0654
1
0.0504
0.4810
2.46
0.5272
0.5133
1.989
2.20
0.4578
2.38
0.108
28.7
0.2219
4.10
3.67
x
TA
BL
EC.3
Pro
pert
ies
ofS
atu
rate
dLiq
uid
s:
Dic
hlo
rod
iflu
oro
meth
an
e(F
reo
n-1
2)
hea
t,K
inem
ati
cco
nd
uct
ivit
y,
kT
her
mal
va
Sp
ecif
icW
nu
mb
er.
m-K
Pr
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10 0 10 20 50
-58
-40
-4
14 32
50
68
104
122
1
884.7
895.6
920.3
9345
1021.6
0.2113
0.2139
0.2198
0.2393
0.310
x0279
0.253 1
0.214
0.203
0.198
0.191
0.334
x
0219
0.213
0.069
0.069
0.071
0.073
0.073
0.073
0.039
0.041
0.042
0.042
0.042
0.041
0.039
0501x
0.514
0539
0.550
0545
x6.2
2.63
x1.4
1.99
4.8
2.09
4.4
4.0
2.16
3.8
2.17
3.6
2.17
3.5
L17
3.5
3.5
I
TA
BLE
C.4
Pro
pert
ies
of
Satu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:
En
gin
eO
il(U
nu
sed
).*
Th
erm
al
heat,
Kin
emat
icco
nd
ucti
vit
y,
BT
U
Th
erm
al
Te
mp
,T
vP
ran
dtl
nu
mb
er,
BT
US
pec
ific
gra
vit
y
Xa
0
20
80
100
120
32
68
I76
212
248
284
320
0.8
88
0.8
76
0.8
28
0.8
16
0.8
05
17
96
18
80
964
2047
2 22
19
2 3
07
2 3
95
2483
0.4
29
0.4
69
0.5
09
0.5
30
0.5
51
0.5
93
28
24 x
0.3
75
0.2
03
0.1
24
0.0
80
0.0
56
x
0.2
19
0.1
33
0.0
86
0.1
45
0.1
40
0.1
38
0.1
37
0.1
35
0.1
33
0.1
32
0.0
85
0.0
84
0.0
83
0.0
81
0.0
80
0.0
79
0.0
78
0.9
11
x
0.8
72
3.3
8
0.8
34
0.8
00
3.1
0
2.9
8
0.7
38
2.8
6
0.7
10
2.7
5
0.6
86
0.6
63
2.5
7
3.5
3x
47
0.7
0x
x
2870
1050
490
276
175
116
84
TA
BLEC.5
Pro
pert
ies
of
Satu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:
Eth
yle
ne
Gly
co
l
Sp
ecif
icT
he
rma
l
hea
t,K
inem
ati
cco
nd
ucti
vit
y,
Th
erm
al
Te
mp
,T
vis
cosi
ty,v
dif
fusi
vit
y,a
Pra
nd
tlW
BT
Un
um
ber,
--
Sp
ecif
ic
"Cg
rav
ity
m-K
032
1.1
30
22
94
57.5
3x
x0.9
34x
3.6
2x
615
40
1.1
01
2474
0.5
91
0.1
48
93
60
140
1.0
87
25
62
0.6
12
4.7
55.1
10.2
60
0.1
50
0.9
32
51
80
176
2650
0.6
33
2.9
83.2
10.1
51
0.9
21
3.5
732.4
212
1.0
58
2742
0.2
63
0.1
52
3.5
222.4
20
68
1.1
16
2382
0.5
69
20.6
40.9
39
3.6
4204
x
TA
BLE
C.6
Pro
pert
ies
of
Satu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:
Eu
tectic
Calc
ium
Ch
lori
de S
olu
tio
n
Th
erm
al
hea
t,K
inem
ati
cco
nd
ucti
vit
y,
Th
erm
al
Tem
p,
vis
co
sity
,v
dif
fusi
vit
y,
Pra
nd
rlB
TU
WB
TU
nu
mb
er,
gra
vit
ym
-K
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10 0 10 20
20
50
-58
-4 14 32
50
68
86 122
1.319
1.314
1.310
1.300
.2%
1.291
1.286
1.281
1.272
2608
2635.6
2661.1
2688
2713
2738
2763
2788
2814
2839
2868
0.623
0.6356
0.654
0.672
0.685
36.35
x39.13
x26.88
17.18
18.49
6.%
4.39
4.73
3.35
2.72
2.93
2.44
1.92
1.65
1.78
0.415
0.429
0.459
0.472
0.498
0.535
0.248
0.265
0.273
0.280
0.288
0.295
1.166
x
1.200
1.300
1.332
1.363
1.394
1.419
1.468
4.65
4.78
4.91
5.04
5.16
5.40
5.50
5.69
312
208
139
87.1
33.0
19.6
16.0
TA
BLE
C.7
Pro
pert
ies
of
Satu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:
Gly
ceri
n
Sp
ecif
icT
herm
al
hea
t,K
inem
ati
cco
nd
ucti
vit
y,k
Th
erm
al
Tem
p,
Tv
isco
sity
,v
dif
fusi
vit
y,a
W
"Fgra
vit
ym
-KP
r
032
1.276
2261
0.0895
0.282
x3.81
84.7
x
20
68
1.264
2386
0.00118
0.0127
0.286
0.165
3.67
xx
1050
1.270
2319
0.554
0.00300
0.0323
0.284
0.164
3.74
30
861.258
0.584
3.60
5.38
104
2512
0.0024
0.286
0.165
0.914
3.54
2.45
50
122
2583
0.617
0.0016
0.287
3.46
I
TA
BLE
C.8
Pro
pert
ies
of
Satu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:
Merc
ury
Sp
ecif
icT
her
ma
l
hea
t,K
inem
ati
cco
nd
uct
ivit
y,
Th
erm
al
Te
mp
,T
vis
cosi
ty,v
dif
fusi
vit
y,a
Pra
nd
tln
um
ber,
WB
TU
Sp
ecif
ic
"Fg
rav
ity
Pr
032
20
68
50
122
212
150
302
200
392
482
315.5
13.628
13.505
13.384
13.264
€3.144
13.025
12.847
139.4
138.6
136.5
135.7
134.0
0.0335
0.0333
0.0331
0.0326
0.0375
0.0324
0.032
x
0.114
8
0.0853 2
0.0765
0.133
x
0.112
0.0863
0.0823
0.0724
8.20
8.69
9.40
12.34
14.02
5.43
6.07
7.13
7.55
8.10
42.99
x
50.22
57.16
63.54
69.08
81.5
TA
BLE
C.9
Pro
pert
ies
of
Satu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:
Me
thy
lC
lori
de
166.6
x0.0288
178.5
0.0249
1.82
x1.01
x
194.6
7
221.5
0.0162
246.2
0.0134
267.7
0.01
16
287.0
0.0103
316
3
Sp
ecif
ic
hea
t,K
inem
ati
cco
nd
uct
ivit
y,
Th
erm
al
Tem
p,
Tv
isco
sity
,v
dif
fusi
vit
y,
Pra
nd
tln
um
ber
,S
pec
ific
BT
U-
WB
TU
gra
vit
yrn
-K
-50
-40
-20
-10 0 10 20
30
50
-58
-22-4
14
32
68
86
1.052
1.033
1.016
0.981
0.923
0.903
0.883
0.861
1 14922
1504.3
1537.8
1560.0
1586.0
1689.0
0.3525
0.3541
0.3564
0.3593
0.3673
0.3788
0.3860
0.4034
0.320
x
0.318
0.314
0.309
0.302
0.297
0.288
0.281
0.274
0.344
x10
0.342
0.338
0.320
0.315
0.303
0.295
0.202
0.178
0.171
0.163
0.154
0.124
0.121
0.117
0.113
0.108
0.094
0.089
0.083
x5.38
x
1.368
5.30
1.337
5.18
1.301
4.87
1.213
4.70
1.166
4.52
4.31
1.058
4.10
0.9%
3.86
1.32
2.38
2.49
2.55
2.63
2.72
2.97
U X
TA
BL
E
Pro
pert
ies
of
Satu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:
Surf
ur
Dio
xid
e
Sp
ecif
ic
hea
r,co
nd
ucti
vit
y,
va
nu
mb
er,
WB
TU
BT
US
pec
ific
gra
vit
yh
r-ft
-"R
Pr
-50
-5
81.5
60
1359.5
0.3
247
x0.5
21
x0.1
40
1.1
41x
4.4
2x
4.2
4-
40
1.5
36
0.3
250
0.4
24
0.4
56
0.2
35
1.1
30
4.3
83.7
4
-3
0-22
1.5
20
0.3
99
0.1
33
1.1
17
4.3
3
-2
0-
41.4
88
0.3
24
0.3
49
0.1
30
1.1
07
4.2
92.9
3
-14
1.4
63
1362.8
0.3
255
0.2
88
0.3
10
0.2
18
2.6
2
032
1.4
38
1363.6
0.3
257
1.0
81
4.1
9
105
01.4
12
0.3
259
0.2
32
0.2
50
0.2
04
2.1
8
86
1.3
59
0.3
263
0.1
90
0.1
92
0.1
11
1.0
35
4.0
11.8
3
40
1.3
29
1367.4
0.1
73
0.1
86
0.1
85
1.0
19
3.9
5
50
12
20.1
62
0.1
02
1.6
1
20
68
1.3
86
0.3
261
0.1
99
0.1
15
xx
X ..
TA
BLE
C.l
l
Pro
pert
ies
ofS
atu
rate
dL
iqu
ids:
Wa
ter
Sp
ecif
ic
heat,
Th
erm
al
Kin
eatic
co
nd
ucti
vit
y,
Th
erm
al
Te
mp
,T
vis
cosi
ty,v
dif
fusi
vit
y,a
Pra
nd
tlS
pec
ific
BT
UW
BT
Un
um
ber,
"C
"Fg
rav
ity
032
20
68
40
104
80
176
100
212
120
248
284
160
320
180
356
392
220
428
240
260
280
537
300
1.0
02
1 0.9
94
0.9
74
0.9
45
0.9
28
0.8
89
0.8
42
0.8
15
0.7
85
0.7
52
4217
4181
4 1
78
4184
41
%
4216
4250
4 2
83
4342
4417
4505
4610
4756
4949
5208
5 7
28
0.9
988
0.9
980
1 1.0
070
1 1.0
55
1.0
76
1.1
01
1.1
36
1.1
82
1.3
68
1.7
88
x
0.2
94
0.2
47
0.2
14
0.1
73
0.1
60
0.1
43
0.1
37
1.9
25
x
1.0
83
0.7
08
0.5
14
0.3
92
0.2
66
0.2
30
0.2
04
0.1
86
0.1
54
0.1
48
0.1
45
0.5
52
0.3
19
0.5
97
0.3
63
0.6
51
0.3
76
0.3
86
0.3
93
0.6
85
0.3
%
0.6
75
0.390
0.3
84
0.6
35
0.3
67
0.6
11
0.3
53
0.3
35
0.5
40
x
1.4
30
1.5
12
5.8
6
16.0
2
1.6
36
1.6
80
1.7
08
6.6
2
1.7
29
1.7
24
6.6
8
1.6
80
6.5
1
1.6
39
6.3
5
1.3
24
x13.6
7.0
2
3.0
2
2.2
2
1.7
4
0.9
37
0.8
91
0.8
71
0.8
74
0.9
10
1.0
19
Gas
Pro
pert
yT
ab
les
TA
BLE
D.l
Pro
pert
ies
of
Gases
at
Atm
osp
heri
cP
ressu
re(1
01.3
=14.7
Air
[Gas
co
nsta
nt=
286.8
=53.3
==
con
du
ctiv
ity.
Th
erm
al
Tem
p,
TP
va
Wn
um
ber
,J
Pr
100
350
450
700
750
800
850
950
100
1500
1700
2100
2200
2
450
720
810
1170
1350
1620
1710
2520
2700
3240
3420
4140
4320
3.601
1.768
1.413
0.883
0.642
0.589
0.543
0.503
0.471
0.415
0.393
0.352
0.320
0.197
0.186
0.176
0.168
0.154
0.146
0.139
1026.6
0.110
0.0735
1005.7
0.0551
1020.7
10295
0.0339
10635
0.0314
1075.2
0.0259
0.0245
1121.2
1141.7
0.0169
1197
1214
0.0147
0.0138
1248
0.0115
0.0110
1338
0.0105
1372
1419
1482
1574
1688
0.245
0241
0241
0.242
0.252
0.254
0.268
0270
0.273
0282
0.298
0.307
0.313
0.339
0.354
1.923x
4.343
7.490
1568
37.90
5851
66.25
82.29
99.3
1082
117.8
138.6
159.1
182.1
205.5
2545
338.5
432.6
543.5
90.75
x4.674
31.06
40.80
47.73
62.98
71.31
8858
97.68
1165
126.8'
149.2
171.3
196.0
2213
397.2
430.1
465.6
0.013735
0.01809
0.02624 03
0.03365
0.03707
38
0.04360
59
0.049 53
30
09
0.05779
79 52 2
0.0782 7
0.100
0.111
0.117
0.124
0.139
0.149
0.175
0.005342
0.01045
0.01516
0.02142
0.02333
0.03628
0.0515
0.0.547
0.0578
0.0757
0.0803
0.0930
0.101
0.02501x
45
0.10165
0.131 61
0.3760
0.4222
0.5564
0.6532
0.7512
0.8578
1
15510
2.583
2.920
3.262
4379
5.715
6.120
6.540
7.020
0.394
1.156
1.457
2531 1
3.748
4.175
5.530
6502
7.630
8.723
11.32
12.64
13.98
15.41
18.64
20.38
23.72
27.20
28.83
0.70
0.753
0.722
0.708
0.697
0.689
0.680
0.680
0.682
0.692
0.6%
0.702
0.707
0.705
0.704
0.704
0.700
0.707
0.710
So
urc
e:
Data
tak
en from
aof
refe
ren
ces
atend
of
TA
BLE
D.2
Pro
pert
ies
of
Gases
at
Atm
osp
heri
cP
ressu
re(1
01
.3=
14
.7p
sia
):C
arb
on
Dio
xid
e[G
as
co
nsta
nt
=1
88
.9
=35.1
1y
==
Th
erm
al
Sp
ecif
ic
heat,
Kin
em
ati
ck
Th
erm
al
Tem
p,
TD
en
sity
,p
vis
co
sity
,v
Pra
nd
tl
JB
TU
BT
Un
um
ber,
KP
r
250
350
450
500
550
600
396
2.4
733
450
2.1
657
540
1.7
973
630
1,5
362
720
1.3
424
810
1.1
918
0.9
739
0.8
938
0.1
352
0.1
0.0
838
0.0
744
0.0
670
783
871
942
980
10
13
1047
10
76
0.1
87
0.1
92
0.2
08
0.2
15
0.2
34
0.2
42
0.2
57
x
11.1
9
17.9
0
21.6
7
30.0
2
x
12.0
5
15.4
9
23.3
3
27.7
1
32.3
1
0.0
10
805
0.0
12
884
0.0
16572
0.0
20
47
0.0
2461
0.0
28 9
7
0.0
33
52
21
0.0
09575
0.0
1183
0.0
1674
0.0
1937
0.0
2208
0.0
59 2
0 x
0.0
7401 88
0.2
48
13
0.3
08
4
0.3
75
0 3
0.2
294
0.2
868
0.4
103
0.5
738
0.7
542
1.7
37
0.8
18
0.7
93
0.7
55
0.7
38
0.7
21
0.7
02
0.6
68
TA
BLE
D.3
Pro
pert
ies o
f G
ases
at
Atm
osp
heri
cP
ressu
re(1
01
.3=
14
.7p
sia
):H
eli
um
[Gas
co
nsta
nt=
20
77
=
38
6y
==
Sp
ecif
icT
herm
al
heat,
Kin
em
ati
cI
co
nd
ucti
vit
y,
Den
sity
,p
vis
co
sity
,v
dif
fusi
vir
y,
Pra
nd
tl
BT
UW
BT
Un
um
ber,
KP
r
33
200
255
589
700
800
60
260
360
460
860
1060
1260
1620
1.4
657
0.3
380
0.2
43
0.1
3280
0.1
0204
0.0
82
82
0.0
7032
0.0
60
23
0.0
52
86
0.0
21 1
9
0.0
0517
0.0
0376
0.0
0330
5200
1.2
42
5200
1.2
42
5200
1.2
42
5200
1.2
42
5200
1.2
42
5200
1.2
42
1.2
42
5200
1.2
42
5200
5200
1.2
42
3.4
2x
37.1
1
64.3
8
95.5
0
173.6
375.8
781.3
x
39.9
5
69.3
0
102.8
186.9
289.9
682.5
841.0
0.0
35
3
0.0
92
8
0.1
177 7
0.1
69
0.2
51
0.2
75
0.2
98
0.0
536
0.0
680
0.0
784
0.1
14
0.1
45
0.1
59
0.5
27
5
0.9
28
8
1.3
675
3.7
16
5.2
15
6.6
61
10.8
34
0.1
792
3.5
99
9.4
90
20.2
1
25.8
1
34.0
0
41.9
8
0.7
4
0.7
0
0.6
9
0.7
0
0.7
1
0.7
2
0.7
2
0.7
2
0.7
2
TA
BLE
D.4
Pro
pert
ies
of
Gases
at
Atm
osp
heri
cP
ressure
(101.3
=14.7
Hyd
rog
en
[Gas
co
nsta
nt=
4126
=767
==
Sp
ecif
icT
her
mal
hea
t,K
inem
ati
ccon
du
cti
vit
y,
Th
erm
al
Tem
p,
TD
en
sity
,vis
cosi
ty,v
a
JW
BT
Un
um
ber,
KPr
3054
50
100
180
270
450
540
350
630
720
450
8
550
1080
700
1260
800
1620
1800
1980
1200
2160
1333
0.84722
0.509
0.24572
71
0.12.270
0.09819
0.08185 16
0.06135 62
0.04918 69
85 92
0.030
0.02723
0.024
1
27
0.02050
0.018
0.01842
0.05289
0.0318
1
0.01022 1
0.00341
0.00279
0.00218
0.00191
0.00170
0.00139
0.001 18
15
10 10501
11229
12602
13 14 14314
14436
14491
14507
14232
14537
14 14821
14 15165
15
638
2589
2.508
2.682
3.010
3.358
3.419
3.448
3.463
3.465
3.472
3.481
3.505
3.670
3.720
3.735
x
17.14
34.18
80.64
109.5
215.6
301.6
349.7
455.1
569
690
822
1107
1273
1328
x
5.253
36.79
86.80
117.9
152.7
232.1
324.6
612
743
885
1039
1192
1370
1429
2 5 1
0.1282
1
0.182
0.228
0.251
0.272
0.315
0.412
0.512
0.519
0.0132
0.0209
0.119
0.132
0.145
0.157
0.169
0.182
0.254
0.268
0.2%
0.300
x
6
0.2408
0.475
1.130
1.554
3.164
3.817
4.516
6.903
8563
10.217
13.726
15.484
17.394
0.262
2.99
4.38
7.87
12.26
17.50
20.56
33.18
46.49
60.00
69.80
0.721
0.718
0.713
0.697
0.690
0.682
0.659
0.676
0.703
0.733
0.736
TA
BLE
D.5
Pro
pert
ies
of
Gases
at
Atm
osp
heri
cP
ressu
re(1
01.3
=1
4.7
Nit
rog
en
[Gas
co
nsta
nt
29
6.8
=
55.1
6=
=
Sp
ecif
ic
Th
erm
al
hea
t,K
inem
ati
cco
nd
uct
ivit
y,
Th
erm
al
Tem
p,
Density,
vis
cosi
ty,v
aP
ran
dtl
BT
UW
BT
Un
um
ber,
J
Kk
g-K
100
200
300
500
600
700
800
1100
180
3.4808
360
1.7108
540
1.1421
720
0.8538
1080
0.5687
1260
0.4934
0.4277
1620
0.3796
1800
1980
0.2851
0.2173
0.1068
0.0426
0.0308
0.0267
0.0237
0.0213
0.0194
0.0178
1072.2
1055.5
1075.6
1122.5
1146.4
1167.7
1203.7
0.2561
0.2491
0.2521
0.2620
0.2681
0.2789
0.2382
0.2875
1.971
x7.568
15.63
51.19
65.13
81.46
91.06
136.0
2.122x
8.146
16.82
27.71
40.54
55.10
87.68
98.02
126.2
146.4
168.0
0.01824
0.02620 35
0.039
0.04580 23
0.05609 70
75
0.06850
0.07184
0.01514
0.01927
0.02960
0.03507
0.03958
0.025319x
0.10224
0.22044
0.3734 0
0.7486 6
1.1685
1.3946 0 1
2.0932
0.09811
1.447
2.143
3.668
6.297
7.204
8.111
2.901
0.786
0.747
0.713
0.684
0.686
0.700
0.711
0.736
0.748
TA
BL
ED
.6
Pro
pert
ies o
f G
ases
at
Atm
osp
heri
cP
ressu
re(1
01.3
=14.7
Oxyg
en
[Gas
co
nsta
nt=
260
=48.3
==
Sp
ecif
ic
Kin
ematic
con
du
ctiv
ity,k
TP
vis
cosi
ty,
a
JW
nu
mb
er,
K 150
200
350
450
550
270
540
630
720
810
3.9118
2.6190
1.9559
15618
1.1133
5 2
0.7801 6
0.6504
0.2492
0.1635
0.1221
913.1
915.7
920.3
929.1
942.0
972.2
988.1
1
0.2192
0.2181
0.2198
0.2.219
x
4.387
7593
11.45
15.86
20.80
26.18
31.99
45.05
2.095
x
17.07
22.39
28.18
48.49
56.13
0.01367
0.01824
0.02259
0.02676 6
0.038
0.04517 82
0.00522
0.01305
0.02212
0.02411
0.02610
88
0.10214 53
0.2%
8 8 9
0.5502
0.7399
0.3958
1.786
2.132
2.4%
0.815
0.745
0.725
0.709
0.702
0.695
0.694
0.697
0.700
3
TA
BL
ED
.7
Pro
pert
ies o
f G
ases
at
Atm
osp
heri
cP
ressu
re(1
01.3
=1
4.7
Wa
ter
Vap
or
or
Ste
am
[Gas
co
nsta
nt=
46
1.5
=8
5.7
8=
=
Sp
ecif
icT
her
mal
hea
t,K
inem
ati
cco
nd
uct
ivit
y,k
Th
erm
al
Tem
p,
TD
ensi
ty,
viscosity,
vd
iffu
sivit
y,a
Pra
nd
tl
JB
TU
nu
mb
er,
KP
r
380
450
550
650
700
750
850
684
720
810
1080
1170
1260
1350
1530
0.5863
0.5542
0.4902 5 5
0.3652 0
0.3140
0.2931
0.2739 9
0.0306
0.0211
0.0196
0.0183
0.0171
0.0161
2014
1980
1985
2026
2056
2085
2119
2152
2186
0.481
0.474
0.484
0.491
0.498
0.506
0.514
x2.42
3.11
3.86
4.70
6.64
7.72
8.88
10.20
11.52
2.61
4.16
6.09
7.15
8.31
9.56
10.98
0.0246
0.026
1
0.0299 9 9 2 4
0.0505
0.0549 2
0.0637
0.0142
0.0151
0.0173
0.0196
0.0219
0.0268
0.0292
0.0342
0.2036
0.2338
0.475
0.883
1.001
1.130
0.789
1.19
1.84
2.58
2.99
3.42
3.88
4.38
1.010
1 1.005
1.010
1.019
660 Engineering Heat Transfer
Emissivity Tables
TABLE E.lNormal of Various Metals
TemperatureSurface
Material condition K Normal emissivitv.
Aluminum
Brass
Chromium
Copper
Gold
Iron
Lead
Nickel
Silver
Steel
Tin
Tungsten
Zinc
Polished plate
Rolled and polishedRough plate
OxidizedPolished
Tarnished
Polished
Black oxidizedTarnishedPolished
Not polishedPolished
Smooth oxidizedGround brightPolished
Gray oxidizedPolished
OxidizedPolished
Polished
Rough oxidizedGround
Bright
Filament
TarnishedPolished
296498443298
611292573329
423
293293293
293293
398293698
293403
373373
293
3131213
293
3300
293503
533896 0.039797 0.039536 0.070
526 0.051,030 0.032
592 0.202
761 0.058
527 0.780527 0.037527 0.030
527 0.47527 0.025
716 0.78527 0.24
1,256
527 0.28725 0.056
0.41671 0.045
527 0.025
563 0.942,183 0.520
527 0.070
5,940 0.39
527 0.25905 0.045
1,100 0.22
Source: Data taken from a number of sources. See references at end of text.
Appendix A: Tables 661
TABLE E.2
Normal or Total (Hemispherical) of Various
Nonmetallic Solids
Surface
Temperature Emissivity
K Normal Total
Aluminum oxide 600 1080 0.691000 1800 0.55
Asphalt pavement 300 540
Building materials
Asbestos sheet 300 540 Red brick 300 540Gypsum or plasterboard 300 540Wood 300 540Concrete 300 540
Cloth 300 540
Glass, window 300 540
Ice 273 492
Paint
Black 300 540White 300 540
Paper, white
Skin
Snow
Soil
Teflon
300 540
300 540
273 492
300 540
300 540500 900
Water 300 540
0.98
0.95
0.850.92
0.96
Source: Data taken from a number of sources. See references at end of text.
662 Engineering Heat Transfer
Pipe and Tubing Tables
TABLE F.l
Dimensions of Wrought-Steel and Wrought-Iron Pipe*
Flow areaOutside diameter Internal diameter
Pipe size in. cm Schedule ft cm cm
a
3
3
1
2
3
0.405
0.540
0.675
0.840
1.050
1.315
1.660
1.900
2.375
2.875
3.500
1.029
1.372
1.714
2.134
2.667
3.340
4.216
4.826
6.034
7.303
8.890
40 (STD)80 (XS)
40 (STD)80 (XS)
40 (STD)80 (XS)
40 (STD)80 (XS)
160
40 (STD)80 (XS)
160
40 (STD)80 (XS)160
40 (STD)80 (XS)160
(STD)80 (XS)160
40 (STD)80 (XS)160
40 (STD)80 (XS)160
40 (STD)80 (XS)
160
0.022420.01792
0.030330.02517
0.041080.03525
0.051830.04550
0.03867
0.02100
0.068670.061830.051000.03617
0.087420.079750.067920.04992
0.11500.10650.096670.7467
0.13420.12500.11150.09167
0.17230.16160.14060.1253
0.20580.19360.17710.1476
0.25570.24170.21870.1917
0.6830.547
0.9240.768
1.2521.074
1.5801.386
1.178
0.640
2.0931.88311.103
2.6642.4302.0701.522
-3.5043.2462.9462.276
4.0903.8103.3982.794
5.2524.9264.2863.820
6.2715.9015.3974.499
7.7927.3666.6645.842
0.00039470.0002522
0.00072270.0004974
0.001326
0.0021100.001626
0.001174
0.0037030.0030030.0020430.001027
0.0060020.0049950.0036230.001957
0.010390.0089080.007339
0.014140.012270.0097640.006600
0.023300.020510.015520.01232
0.033250.029430.024630.01711
0.051340.045870.037550.02885
0,36640,2350
0.670 6 0.4632
1.2330.905 9
1.9611
1.090
3.217
3.4412.7851.898
5.5745.0833.3651.815
9.6438.2756.8164.069
13.1311.409.0686.131
21.6619.0614.4311.46
30.8927.3522.8815.90
47.6942.6134.8826.80
Dimensions in English units obtained from ANSI B36.10-1979,American National Standard Wrought Steel and
Wrought Iron Pipe, and reprinted with permission from the publisher :American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Notes:STD implies Standard; XS is extra strong; XXS is double extra strong.
Appendix A: Tables 663
TABLE F.l
(continued)
Outside diameter Internal diameter Flow area
Pipe size in. cm Schedule ft cm
6
10
12
4.000 10.16 40 (STD)
4 4.500 11.43 40 (STD)
80 (XS)
80 (XS)
3.4
120160
5 5.563 14.13 40 (STD)80 (XS)
120160
6.625 16.83 40 (STD)80 (XS)
120160
8 8.625 21.91 203040 (STD)6080 (XS)
100120140
160
10.750 27.31 20 3040 (STD)60 (XS)80
100120140 (XXS)160
12.750 32.39 2030
40
6080
100120140160
0.29570.2803
0.33550.31980.30200.28650.2626
0.42060.40110.38030.35940.3386
0.50540.48010.45840.48230.4081
0.67710.67260.66510.65110.6354
0.61980.59890.58340.57290.5678
0.85420.84470.83500.81250.79680.77600.75520.72920.7083
1.0211.00810.99480.97920.96880.94780.92180.89580.87500.8438
9.0128.544
9.7189.2048.7328.006
10.23
12.8212.2211.5910.9510.32
15.4114.6413.9813.1812.44
20.6420.5020.2719.8519.37
18.8918.2617.7917.4617.31
26.0425.7525.4624.7724.2923.6623.0222.2321.59
31.1230.7130.4830.3329.8529.5328.8928.1027.3126.6725.72
0.068660.06172
0.088410.079840.071630.064470.05419
0.13890.12630.11360.1015
0.20060.18100.16500.14670.1308
0.36010.35530.34740.33290.3171
0.30170.28170.26730.25780.2532
0.57300.56040.54760.51850.49870.47300.44700.41760.3941
0.81850,79720.7854
0.75300.73720.70560.66740.63030.60130.5592
63.7957.33
82.1974.1766.5459.8850.34
129.10117.30105.5094.1783.65
186.50168.30153.50136.40121.50
334.60330.10322.70309.50294.70
280.30261.90248.60239.40235.30
332.60520.80509.10481.90463.40439.70416.20388.10366.10
760.60740.71729.70722.50699.80684.90655.50620.20585.80558.60519.60
664 Engineering Heat Transfer
TABLE F.l
(continued)
Outside diameter Internal diameter Flow area
Pipe size in. cm Schedule ft cm
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
16.000
18.000
20.000
24.000
26.000
30.000
36.000
38.000
40.000
35.56
40.64
45.72
50.80
55.88
60.96
66.04
71.12
76.20
81.28
86.36
91.44
96.52
301.6
1.1040.9323
1.2711.068
1.4381.203
1.6041.339
1.7711.479
1.9381.609
2.104
2.271
2.438
2.604
2.938
3.104
3.271
33.6528.42
38.7332.54
43.8136.67
48.8940.80
53.9745.08
59.0549.05
64.13
69.21
74.29
79.34
84.45
89.53
-94.61
99.69
0.6827
1.2680.8953
1.6231.137
2.0211.407
2.4631.718
2.9482.034
3.477
4.050
4.666
5.326
6.030
7.568
8.403
889.30634.40
1178.00831.60
1507.001056.00
1877.0013 07 .OO
2288.001596.00
2739.001890.00
3230.00
3762.00
4335.00
4944.00
5601
6295.00
7030.00
7805.00
Dimensions in English units from ANSI B36.10-1979,American National Standard Wrought Steel andWrought iron Pipe, and reprinted with permission from the publisher: American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
Notes:STD implies Standard; XS is extra strong; XXS is double extra strong.
Appendix A: Tables 665
TABLE F.2
Dimensions of Seamless Copper Tubing*
Outside diameter Internal diameter Flow area
Standard size in. cm ft cm
0.375
0.500
0.625
0.750
0.875
1.125
2.125
2.625
3.125
3.625
4.125
5.125
0.953
1.270
1.588
1.905
2.222
2.858
3.493
4.128
5.398
6.668
7.938
9.208
10.48
13.02
L
KLM
KLM
KL
KLM
KLM
KLM
KLM
KLM
KLM
KLM
KLM
KLM
KLM
0.025420.02625
0.033500.035830.03750
0.043920.045420.04742
0.054330.05 0
0.062080.065420.06758
0.082920.085420.08792
0.10380.10540.1076
0.12340.12540.1273
0.16330.16540.1674
0.2029
0.2079
0.24230.24540.2484
0.28210.28540.2883
0.32140.32540.3279
0.40040.40630.4089
0.801
1.0221.0921.142
1.3401.3841.446
1.6571.691
1.8921.9942.060
2.5282.6042.680
2.1633.2133.279
3.7623.8243.880
4.9765.0425.102
6.1866.2626.338
7.3847.4807.572
8.5988.7008.786
9.8009.9229.998
12.2112.3812.47
0.00050740.0005412
0.00088140.0010080.001104
0.0015150.0016200.001766
0.0023 19 0.002419
0.0030270.0033610.003587
0.0054000.0057300.006071
0.0084540.0087280.009090
0.011960.012350.01272
0.020930.021490.02201
0.032340.033140.03395
0.047300.04847
0.062490.063980.06523
0,081140.083170.08445
0.12960.1313
0.47170.503 9
0.820 30.936 61.024
1.4101.5051.642
2.1562.246
2.8113.1233.333
5.0195.3265.641
7.8588.1088.444
11.1211.4811.82
11.9519.9720.44
30.0530.8040.17
42.8243.9445.03
58.0659.4560.63
75.4377.3278.51
117.10120.50122.10
Dimensions in English units obtained from “Standard Specifications forCopper Water Tube,” and reprinted with permission from the publisher: American Society for TestingMaterials.
Notes : Type K is for underground service and general plumbing; Type L is for interior plumbing; Type M isfor use only with soldered fittings.
666 Engineering Heat Transfer
TABLE F.2
(conti
Outside diameter Internal diameter Flow area
Standard size in. cm Type ft cm
6 6.125 K 0.4784 14.58 0.1798 167.00L 0.4871 14.85 0.1863 173.20M 0.4901 14.39 0.1886 175.30
8 8.125 20.64 0.6319 19.26 0.3136 291.50L 0.6438 19.62 0.3255 302.50 M 0.6488 19.78 0.3306 307.20
10 10.125 25.72 K 0.7874 24.00 0.4870 452.50L 0.8021 24.45 0.5053 469.50M 0.8084 24.64 0.5133 476.80
12 12.125 30.80 K 0.9429 28.74 0.6983 648.80L 0.9638 29.38M 0.9681 29.51 0.7361 684.00
Dimensions in English units obtained from Standard Specifications for Seamless
Copper Water Tube,” and reprinted with permission from the publisher: American Society for Testing
Materials.
Notes: Type K is for underground service and general plumbing; Type L is for interior plumbing; Type M isfor use only with soldered fittings.
TABLE
The Greek Alphabet
Greek Greek English capital lower-casespelling letters letters
Alpha A a
Beta BGammaDelta AEpsilon EZeta ZEta HThetaIota I
KLambda A 1
Mu MN VNu
XiOmicron 0Pi
Rho PSigma
UpsilonPhi
XChiPsiOmega
Tau
5