1 mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30 1 mike5/papers/presentations non ref/2002/harvard...

1Mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30 1Mike5/papers/presentations non ref/2002/Harvard 5/13/2002

Nsstc.uah.edu/atmchem

Presented at

Harvard UniversityMay 17, 2002

Mike [email protected]

Xiong LiuDa Sun

Mohammed AyoubUniversity of Alabama in Huntsville

Randall MartinHarvard University

Jae KimPusan University, S. Korea

Tropical Tropospheric Ozone from TOMS, Sondes, GOME, and Models:

How well do we understand?

2Mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30

TOR Technique

Tropospheric ozone the difference of TOMS total ozone and monthly averaged SAGE integrated stratospheric ozone.

Fishman and Larsen, 1987.


CCD Technique

(3) Stratospheric column ozone (as a function of latitude and time) is derived by averaging above-cloud column ozone amounts over the Pacific.

(

(1) The high-reflectivity (R >0.9) cloud tops over the Pacific region usually lie near the tropopause.

(2) Zonal (i.e., west to east) variability of stratospheric column ozone is negligible.


Modified-Residual Technique

Hudson and Thompson, 1998http://metosrv2.umd.edu/~tropo


CCP Technique

(1) Zonal wave structure of stratospheric ozone (2) R> 80%.(3) THIR-derived cloud- top pressure <200 mb (after adjustment).(4) if no THIR, Low-pass filter is applied to filter low-altitude cloudsNewchurch et al., 2001


SAGE+CCP Method

• The method is the same to CCP technique, except that SAGE measurements are recognized as high-altitude cloudy points defined in CCP.

• The significant influence is the area with low occurrence frequency of high-altitude cloud, such as in the Atlantic Ocean and east Pacific Ocean.


Scan-angle Technique

(1) This is the normalized difference of TORE between that at nadir and high-scan positions as a function of altitude

(2) The average kernel shows a broad response with its peak centered at 5-km altitude, suggesting that the diff of retrieved total ozone btw nadir and high scan angle can be used to derive trop ozone.

Kim et al., JAS, 2001


Other TOMS methods not studied here

• TOMS-MLS [Froidevaux, Chandra, Ziemke.• TOMS-SBUV [Fishman and Balok, 1999].• Direct Fitting [Hudson and Frolov, in prep, 2002].• Cloud Slicing [Ziemke et al, 2001].• Topographic Contrast [Jiang and Yung, 1996; Kim

and Newchurch, 1996; Kim and Newchurch 1998; Newchurch et al, 2001].


Potential Ozone Retrieval Errors Associated with CloudsNewchurch et al., 2001


In-Cloud Ozone Absorption Enhancement

1. Original (20.8 DU) 2. Well-mixed (20.8 DU) 3. Homogeneous (20.8 DU) 4. Linearly increasing (20.8 DU) 5. Linearly decreasing (20.8 DU) 6. Upper 2 km (4.2 DU) 7. Lower 2 km (4.2 DU) ICOAEN is very dependent on ozone distribution in clouds. Ozone distributed in the upper part of cloud usually contributes more to ozone absorption in clouds.


Radiative Transfer Errors

Clouds: R% >= 80%Clear: R <= 20%

Equatorial Africa[10E, 5S, 20E, 2S][10E, 2N, 20E, 5N]

Western Pacific Ocean[160E, 5S, 170E, 2S][160E, 2N, 170E, 5N]

Nimbus-7

Total Error in the Derived Tropospheric Ozone -16 DU -6 DU

Contribution from calibration error* -7 DU -6 DU

Contribution from cloud-height related errors** 2 DU 2 DU

Contribution from retrieval efficiency *** -2 DU 2 DU

Contribution from other errors (mainly ozone absorption enhancement in clouds) ****

-9 DU -4 DU

Earth-Probe

Total Error in the Derived Tropospheric Ozone -9 DU 0 DU

Contribution from calibration error* 0 DU 0 DU

Contribution from cloud-height related errors** 2 DU 2 DU

Contribution from retrieval efficiency *** -2 DU 2 DU

Contribution from other errors **** -9 DU -4 DU

Table 1. Error Analysis in the Clear/Cloudy differences. Data used in this analysis include TOMS L2 data in 1980 and 1999, adjusted THIR in 1980, SHADOZ data in 1998-2000, Trace-A measurements at Brazzaville, Congo in 1990-1992. The “true” tropospheric ozone results after correcting all the cloud-height related errors, ozone retrieval efficiency, calibration error, and ozone enhancement in clouds and unknown errors [Newchurch et al, 2001b].

* The assignment of calibration error to N7 only is based on cloud/clear total ozone difference. However, the total error in the derived tropospheric ozone will not change with this assignment.** The errors are calculated for 1980 N7 TOMS data using the adjusted THIR data but are assumed the same in EP TOMS data.*** Error due to retrieval efficiency are calculated using TOMRAD and TOMSV7 algorithm with the SHADOZ and TRACE-A measurements as reference profiles.**** These errors are the remaining errors unexplained in the cloudy/clear total ozone difference.


Tropospheric ozone from six satellite-based methods in Sep 1997

Surface/Boundary-Layer/Free


Average Range of TTO from Six Methods



Mean Square Difference of CCD-MR Tropospheric Ozone

Both assume flat stratosphere.



Mean Square Difference of CCP-CCD Tropospheric Ozone


Adjustment to Ozonesonde data using SAGE stratospheric ozone


The difference between SHADOZ sonde total ozone and collated TOMS total ozone is ~2-10% in total ozone, varying with station. Left figure shows the scatter plot of TOMS total ozone and sonde total ozone without adjustment. Right figure show the same figure but the sonde total ozone is adjusted by the ratio of SAGE and sonde stratospheric ozone.


Time series of 6 Methods and sondes


Time series of the six indicated TOMS derivation methods compared to the ozonesonde observations at four SHADOZ sites.


Envelope of the 6 Methods and Sondes


Max and Min curves of the six indicated TOMS derivation methods compared to the ozonesonde observations at four SHADOZ sites


The Average Differences (SONDE - METHOD) 1 Standard Deviation

and Standard Error of the Mean

D i f f e r e n c e ± 1 S . D . S t d . E r r o r o f M e a n

S H A D O ZS t a t i o n C C P C C D T O R S A G E

C C P M R S C A N C C P C C D T O R S A G EC C P M R S C A N

A s c e n s i o n 6 5 - 2 5 1 5 3 6 5 7 11 7 1 . 0 1 . 2 1 . 1 1 . 4 1 . 7 1 . 8C r i s t o b a l - 1 2 - 3 3 - 4 4 - 2 5 0 4 9 7 0 . 5 0 . 7 1 . 1 1 . 4 1 . 0 2 . 0

N a t a l 1 6 - 5 6 - 6 3 - 4 4 3 8 9 8 1 . 6 1 . 6 1 . 2 1 . 6 2 . 4 2 . 6N a i r o b i 1 3 - 4 3 - 4 4 - 2 4 - 1 8 5 5 0 . 6 0 . 6 0 . 9 1 . 2 1 . 8 1 . 4

J a v a - 3 6 - 5 6 - 3 6 - 5 6 2 1 0 3 9 1 . 1 1 . 3 1 . 4 1 . 6 2 . 2 2 . 4F i j i - 2 6 - 3 5 0 8 - 3 8 5 9 9 7 1 . 1 1 . 1 1 . 8 1 . 9 1 . 9 2 . 0

S a m o a - 5 4 - 6 4 - 3 6 - 7 7 1 9 1 5 1 . 1 1 . 1 1 . 8 2 . 2 2 . 2 2 . 0T a h i t i - 4 6 - 6 6 - 4 7 - 6 7 2 7 9 7 1 . 3 1 . 2 1 . 7 1 . 8 1 . 7 1 . 9

A v e r a g e - 1 5 - 4 5 - 3 5 - 3 6 2 8 7 7 1 . 0 1 . 1 1 . 4 1 . 6 1 . 9 2 . 0


Scatter plots of 6 Methods and Ascension Island Sondes (1998-2000)

Blue #: slope

Yellow #: offset

Green #: correlation Coeff


Scatter plots of 6 Methods and San Cristobal Sondes (1998-2000)

Blue #: slope

Yellow #: offset

Green #: correlation Coeff


MOZAIC ozone column at December 1987 and January 1991 are showed.The maximum flight height is at least 8Km.

MOZAIC displays significantly more spatial sturcture than the monthly averaged TOMS CCP results.

Comparison with MOZAIC Ozone Measurements


Comparison to GOME Tropospheric ozone


GOME Tropospheric ozone in 1997 from RAL


Model Output of Tropospheric Ozone

Monthly tropical tropospheric ozone from GEOS-CHEM over Dec 1996-Nov 1997. (Lighting NOx = 3 TgN/y)



Monthly tropical tropospheric ozone from GEOS-CHEM over Dec 1996-Nov 1997. (Lighting NOx = 0 TgN/y)



Monthly tropical tropospheric ozone from GEOS-CHEM over Dec 1996-Nov 1997.(Lighting NOx = 6TgN/y)


The difference between monthly CCP and GEOS-CHEM (CCP - GEOS-CHEM: NOx=3Tg) tropospheric ozone in

December 1996 – November 1997.

Comparison of TOMS-based Methods and Model Output


Comparison of TOMS-based Methods and Model Output

The difference between monthly CCP and GEOS-CHEM (CCP - GEOS-CHEM: NOx=6Tg) tropospheric ozone in

December 1996 – November 1997.


Seasonal Tropospheric Ozone Model Calculation

Marufu, L., F. Dentener, J. Lelieveld, M.O. Andreae, and G. Helas, Photochemistry of the African troposphere: Influence of biomass-burning emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 14,513-14,530, 2000.


Monthly mean of ozonesonde observations at eight SHADOZ sites and model output from GEOS-CHEM (3 (blue) and 6(black) Tg NOx) and sonde (red)

Comparison with Ozonesonde Measurements


Fire counts peak in 2000:

North Africa: DJFSouth Africa and South America: JJA

TTO Climatology from CCP (1979-2000)Peak is at Sep-Oct

“Tropical Atlantic Paradox” [Thomson 2000]


Average Tropospheric Ozone at DJF for Six Methods


Controlling Processes for “Tropical Atlantic Paradox”

- Biomass Burning ozone precursors- Lightning NOx production - Dynamics:

-Wind fields- Stratospheric Ozone intrusion into tropospheric ozone- Cross-equatorial transport of extra-tropical ozone


Theoretical Basis for Taylor Diagrams

Geometric relationship between the correlation coefficient R, the centered pattern RMS error E', and the standard deviations f and r of the test and reference fields, respectively [Taylor, 2001].


6 Methods compared to Ascension Sondes

1: CCP 2: CCD 3: TOR 4: SAGECCP 5: MR 6: SCAN

Green circle is Ascension Sonde reference point.Concentric Blue arcs measure distance from TOMS method to sonde reference.


6 Methods compared to GEOS-CHEM in Central Pacific


SAGE+CCP Method6 Methods compared to GEOS-CHEM in North Africa


6 Methods compared to GEOS-CHEM in South Atlantic


Conclusions

•The range of TOMS-derived tropical tropospheric ozone (TTO) values exceeds 50% of the climatology in a significant fraction of seasons and locations. Significant spatial and temporal structure appears in the resulting ozone differences of techniques. This range, however, brackets the ozonesonde TTO values.

•Although the average bias TOMS/Sonde bias is < 5%, the slopes and correlations vary considerably from method to method and station to station. Taylor diagrams quantify the agreement between methods, sondes, and model.

•Radiative transfer simplifications induce potential errors in TOMS ozone columns over clouds on the order of 10 DU, which represents ~30% of the TTO.

•Model/TOMS differences exceed 20 DU (~<1/2 the TTO).

•All methods, except the scan-angle, differ with the model (and GOME) in wintertime N. Africa burning season (The N. Atlantic Paradox).


References

Fishman, J., and A.E. Balok, Calculation of daily tropospheric ozone residuals using TOMS and empirically improved SBUV measurements: Application to an ozone pollution episode over the eastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 30,319-30,340, 1999.

Fishman, J., and V.G. Brackett, The climatological distribution of tropospheric ozone derived from satellite measurements using version 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment data sets, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 19,275-19,278, 1997.

Fishman, J., V.G. Brackett, E.V. Browell, and W.B. Grant, Tropospheric ozone derived from TOMS/SBUV measurements during TRACE A, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 24,069-24,069, 1996.

Fishman, J., and J.C. Larsen, Distribution of total ozone and stratospheric ozone in the tropics: Implications for the distribution of tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 6627-6634, 1987.

Hauglustaine, D., L. Emmons, M. Newchurch, G. Brasseur, T. Takao, K. Matsubara, J. Johnson, B. Ridley, J. Stith, and J. Dye, On the Role of Lightning NOx in the Formation of Tropospheric Ozone Plumes: A Global Model Perspective, J. Atmos. Chem., 38, 277-294, 2001.


References

Hudson, R.D., and A.M. Thompson, Tropical tropospheric ozone from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer by a modified residual method, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22,129-22,145, 1998.

Jiang, Y., and Y.L. Yung, Concentrations of tropospheric ozone from 1979 to1992 over tropical Pacific South America from TOMS data, Science, 272, 714-716, 1996.

Kim, J.H., and M.J. Newchurch, Climatology and trends of tropospheric ozone over the eastern Pacific Ocean: The influences of biomass burning and tropospheric dynamics, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 3723-3726, 1996.

Kim, J.H., and M.J. Newchurch, Biomass-burning influence on tropospheric ozone over New Guinea and South America, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1455-1461, 1998.

Kim, J.H., M.J. Newchurch, and K. Han, Distribution of Tropical Tropospheric Ozone determined by the scan-angle method applied to TOMS measurements, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 2699-2708, 2001.

Newchurch, M.J., X. Liu, and J.H. Kim, Lower Tropospheric Ozone (LTO) derived from TOMS near mountainous regions, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 20,403-20,412, 2001a.


References

Newchurch, M.J., X. Liu, J.H. Kim, and P.K. Bhartia, On the accuracy of TOMS retrievals over cloudy regions, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32,315-32,326, 2001b.

Newchurch, M.J., D. Sun, and J.H. Kim, Zonal wave-1 structure in TOMS tropical stratospheric ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3151-3154, 2001c.

Newchurch, M. J., D. Sun, and J. H. Kim, Tropical tropospheric ozone derived using Clear-Cloudy Pairs (CCP) of TOMS measurements, submitted to J. Atmos. Sci., 2001d.

Taylor, K.E., Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 7183-7192, 2001.

Ziemke, J.R., and S. Chandra, Seasonal and interannual variabilities in tropical tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 21,425-21,442, 1999.

Ziemke, J.R., S. Chandra, and P.K. Bhartia, Two new methods for deriving tropospheric column ozone from TOMS measurements: Assimilated UARS MLS/HALOE and convective-cloud differential techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22,115-22,127, 1998.


References

Ziemke, J.R., S. Chandra, and P.K. Bhartia, A new NASA data product: Tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone in the tropics derived from TOMS measurements, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 81, 580-583, 2000.

Ziemke, J.R., S. Chandra, and P.K. Bhartia, "Cloud slicing": A new technique to derive upper tropospheric ozone from satellite measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9853-9867, 2001.

Ziemke, J.R., S. Chandra, A.M. Thompson, and D.P. McNamara, Zonal asymmetries in southern hemisphere column ozone: Implications of biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,421-14,427, 1996.


Table. The Average Differences in (CCP - SHADOZ) 1 Standard Deviation (sd). The Adjusted Differences Resulted from Accounting for the TOMS Tropospheric Retrieval Efficiency by Using the Sonde Tropospheric Ozone Measurements.

SHADOZ Sondes Scaled to SAGE/Sonde No Scale

SHADOZStation

CCP-SHADOZ

±1sd

Adj CCP- SHADOZ

±1sd

CCP-SHADOZ

±1sd

Adj CCP- SHADOZ

±1sd

Ascension -6 5 -3 3 -3 4 -1 2

San Cristobal 1 2 -2 1 3 2 -1 2

Natal -1 6 0 4 2 5 2 3

Nairobi -1 3 -2 2 0 3 -1 2

Java 3 6 -1 4 4 6 0 4

Fiji 2 6 -1 3 3 5 0 3

Samoa 5 5 1 3 7 4 2 2

Tahiti 4 6 1 4 6 5 2 3

Average 1 5 -1 3 3 4 0 3

46Mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30 1Mike3/papers/tropoz/aguf98 12/2/98 16:30

Nsstc.uah.edu/atmchemRegional Atmospheric Profiling Center for

DiscoveryRAPCDPresented at

Harvard UnversityMay 17, 2000

Mike Newchurch [email protected] Ayoub, Arastoo Biazar, David

Bowdle, Sundar Christopher, Kirk Fuller, NoorGillani, Quingyuah Han, Kevin Knupp, Xiong Liu,

Dick McNider, Da SunAtmospheric Science Department

Earth System Science Center

Jack FixCollage of Science

University of Alabama in Huntsville

Maurice Jarzembski, Bill Lapenta

NASA/MSFC/SD

P K Bhartia, Tom McGee John Burris

GSFC/Laboratory for Atmospheres

Mike Hardesty/NOAA/ETL

Vandana Srivastava/USRA


The RAPCD Vertical DistributionScience Questions

Surface/Boundary-Layer/Free Troposphere/UT/LS Exchange

1. Can we accurately predict surface ozone and aerosol concentrations?2. What are the vertical and long-range transport processes affecting local air

quality?3. Can we accurately calculate the power plant plume effect on air quality?4. How are cloud processes, including lightning, different from clear-air processes

for chemical effects?5. What are the mechanisms responsible for nocturnal jet transport of Gulf-H2O-

initiatiated convection?6. What is the diurnal behavior of the boundary layer in the Tennessee valley?


The RAPCD AerosolScience Questions

Aerosol Optics and microphysics

1. What role does heterogeneous chemistry play in air quality?2. What are the composition and optical properties of aerosols?3. What is the effect of water uptake?4. What is information content of RS measurements of aerosols?5. What is the character of complex aerosols (organics, dust, soil, mixes)?6. What are the roles of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOC) in ozone

and aerosol production?7. Cross-disciplinary studies: Biohazards, protemics, protonics.


The RAPCD Satellite Calibration/Validation

Science Questions

EOS Satellite calibration and validation

1. Provide ozone and aerosol profiles for cal/val of AIRS, TES, OMI, QuikTOMS, SAGE III, MLS, PICASSO-CENA, GOME, MISR.

2. What is the climatology and variability of the 3-D aerosol and ozone (and water vapor?) fields?

3. Validation of new Remote Sensing technology


Boundary-layer Ozone and Aerosols

Vertical cross sections of O3 concentration and aerosol backscatter for the NW-SE flight legs passing over Nashville for the afternoon flights on July 12.

Banta, R.M. et al., Daytime buildup and nighttime transport of urban ozone in the boundary layer during a stagnation episode, Journal of Geophysical Research, 17, 22,519-22,544, 1998.


generator

915 MHzradar antenna

(without clutter panels)

sodar5 m mast

wind

pyranometer GPS receiver

T, RH

electronics inside

ceilometer

(Without clutter panels -- 15 min setup time)

Mobile Integrated Profiler Configuration


MIPS RESEARCH GOALS

• Study evolution and structure of the stable NBL with particular focus on evolution and the processes associated with transient breakdowns in the inversion.

• Use a case study approach to address spatial variability in both the stable and unstable ABL.

• Corresponding mesoscale and LES modeling will further enhance our understanding of the NBL behavior.

GHCC/USWRP Satellite Assimilation ProjectGHCC/USWRP Satellite Assimilation Project

FSL

*Indicates regions of differential heating

*Distinguishes clear/cloudy regions

*Have high spatial and temporal resolution

AVHRR Land Use GOES SkinTemperature

GHCC Activities:

Applications of Research:

•Develop and test GOES retrieval and assimilation algorithm for NWP models

•Assess quality of NESDIS products

•Provide model and satellite products to NWS and public via internet

•Insure transfer of research to operational community

•Operational Forecasting•Regional-Scale Air Quality Studies•Improved Understanding Of Land/Atmosphere Interactions

The GOES Land Surface Data:


How well can we model the ozone variation?

(July 4) (July 19) (July 24)(June29)

TN

LON: -86.57, LAT: 36.25


Example of MSFC Ground-based Doppler Lidar


NPS: Annual average extinction coefficients (Mm-1 )

Huntsville, AL. A Researcher’s Paradisefor Science of the Atmospheric Aerosol

‘Hot Topics’ in Aerosols and Forcing

Chemical composition• Speciation• HygroscopicityPhysical properties• Size distribution• MorphologyRadiometric Properties• Extinction• Scattering• Absorption• PolarimetricForcing / Remote Sensing• Optical depth• Albedo• Polarization• Distribution of scattered light• Vertical structure


NSSTC Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center

for DiscoveryRAPCD

Doppler lidar bench

FTIR benchtrop aerosol lidar bench

strat/trop lidar bench

~NORTH

hor izontalsky-view

Janu ary 10, 2001eac h f loorspace square i s 2 f t x 2 f t; each laboratory fl oorspace is 20 ft E to W x 22. 5 f t N to S

whit e c ircles wi th soli d borders show posi tions of l ight chi mneys, accurate to 1/ 2 i nch, and interior diamet ersfaded blue blocks around light chimneys show opt ical benches in laborat ories below

cherry pi cker boom circle indicates minim um boom length

scanner

FTIR LAB ROOF PLANLIDAR LAB ROOF PLAN

ped estalon roo f for5 ft cherry

picker

48”30”

30” 30”

semi- t ransparent green bl ock shows elevatedscanner platform on roof,

15 ft E t o W and 26 ft N to Sapprox 2 f t c learance on outer walkway

9’

13 ’

17’

13’ 9”

13’

11’

8’ 3”

13’ 9”

26 ’

21’ 8”

support pi llar

8 footDoppler

lidarscancircle

ped estalon roo f for 7 ft cherry

pi cker

ped estalon roo f for 7 ft cherry

pi cker

30” 30”

30” 30”

7 footrooflidar

domeon

8 footbase

8’ 3”

Acrobat DocumentOzone Lidar

Doppler Lidar Scanner

Lockedat zenith

Grating TopDome Floor

Roof Top

DomeSidewall

RailingHorizontal FTIR

Solar FTIR

Lid Closed

Lid Closed

Lid

Ope

n

Lid

Ope

n

Dome Floor

Chimney 2

Chimney 4Chimney 5

Chimney 1

Dome Legs

Dome Shutters

Dome

Chimney 3

opaque curtai ns

Experiment Bus Bar

Experiment Bus Bar

Experiment Bus Bar

W

W

W

PC ta

ble

Upper and Lower Casework



Upp

er &

Low

er C

asew

ork

Schematic Floor PlanRemote Atmospheric Profiling Center

for Discovery (NSSTC RAPCD)

LIDAR LAB FLOOR PLAN

FTIR LAB FLOOR PLAN

Filin

gC

abin

ets

Opt

ics

Cab

inet

s

SafetyShower

Opt

ics

Cab

inet

s

PC ta

ble

trop aerosol lidar bench

Experiment Bus Bar

W

scanner

Doppler lidar bench

FTIR bench

visitor lidar bench

Upp

er a

nd L

ower

Cas

ewor

k

Experiment Bus Bar

sky-view horizonta l

W

FTIR bench

2 ftgrid W

strat /trop lidar bench

Experiment Bus Bar

36” 36”

36” 36”

27”

27”27”

27”

54”


Summary

• The Regional Atmospheric Profiling Center for Discovery, RAPCD, is designed to address atmospheric chemistry and air quality issues on the National agenda: – Processes controlling tropospheric trace gases and aerosols.– Aerosol characterization and effects.– Satellite calibration and validation.

• The constituency is broad: NASA, NSF, NOAA, EPA, DOE, State of Alabama.

• Co-Investigators comprise many NSSTC PIs in addition to several government laboratories and many instruments are already committed.

• This world-class laboratory facility will be ready July 2002.• We are receiving interest from additional PIs to host their

instruments.• We invite interested investigators to join us.


nsstc.uah.edu/atmchemFUTUREFUTURE

• UsingUsing

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