1

MIN

ING

: S

OC

IAL

ISS

UE

S

pre

limin

ary

note

s on t

he

poss

ible

im

pac

ts o

f m

inin

g

dev

elopm

ent

on c

itiz

ens

Soci

al iss

ues

arisi

ng fro

m im

pac

ts o

n:

Acc

ess

to s

oci

al s

ervi

ces

Nat

ura

l re

sourc

esLi

velih

oods

2

Pop

ulat

ion

Influ

x

It is

estim

ated

that

the

popula

tion influx

will

be

80,0

00.

This

will

incl

ude

peo

ple

fro

m o

ther

ai

mag

san

d f

rom

outs

ide

Mongolia

Most

mig

rants

will

be

sear

chin

g f

or

inco

me-

gen

erat

ing o

pport

unitie

s both

within

and

around t

he

min

eTher

e m

ay b

e co

nce

ntr

atio

ns

of

peo

ple

in

exis

ting o

r new

cen

ters

M

igra

nts

may

tra

vel w

ith fam

ily o

r m

ay t

rave

l al

one

Ther

e w

ill b

e a

mix

of sk

illed

and u

nsk

illed

la

bore

rs

3

Pop

ulat

ion

Influ

x M

anag

ing

Acc

ess

to S

ervi

ces

Exis

tin

g f

aci

liti

es

wil

l n

eed

to

su

pp

ort

larg

er

po

pu

lati

on

s •

Exi

stin

g s

ervi

ces

in r

ura

l ar

eas

are

report

edly

str

etch

ed (

inad

equat

e m

edic

al p

erso

nnel

, sp

ecia

lized

tea

cher

s, a

nd m

edic

al e

quip

men

t)

If n

ot

pro

per

ly m

anag

ed,

incr

easi

ng t

he

load

without

stre

ngth

enin

g t

he

serv

ices

will

cau

se t

he

syst

em t

o w

eake

n a

nd p

erhap

s co

llapse

Po

ssib

le a

ctio

ns

Gove

rnm

ent:

Incr

ease

inve

stm

ents

in s

ervi

ces

in a

reas

affec

ted b

y popula

tion

incr

ease

s.

(Additio

nal

res

ourc

es s

hould

rec

ogniz

e th

e pote

ntial

num

ber

of unre

gis

tere

d

mig

rants

.)In

crea

se r

esourc

es a

vaila

ble

for

recu

rren

t sp

endin

g for

serv

ice

del

iver

y in

ar

eas

affec

ted b

y popula

tion incr

ease

s. (

Additio

nal

res

ourc

es s

hould

re

cogniz

e th

e pote

ntial

num

ber

of

unre

gis

tere

d m

igra

nts

.)Pr

ovi

de

ince

ntive

s fo

r se

rvic

e pro

vider

s to

work

in r

ura

l ar

eas.

Min

ing c

om

pan

ies:

Use

the

oppor

tunity

to c

ontr

ibute

to c

om

munity

dev

elopm

ent

(e.g

.co

nst

ruct

ion o

f hea

lth c

ente

rs,

schools

, et

c.).

Ensu

re t

hat

contr

ibutions

to s

ervi

ce d

eliv

ery

are

coord

inat

ed w

ith

rele

vant

min

istr

ies

espec

ially

vis

-à-v

is o

per

atio

ns

and m

ainte

nan

ce

4

Pop

ulat

ion

Influ

x M

anag

ing

Acc

ess

to S

ervi

ces

Inco

min

g m

igra

nts

wil

l re

qu

ire a

ccess

to

serv

ices

Those

work

ing in m

ines

will

lik

ely

have

acc

ess

to s

ervi

ces

pro

vided

by

the

min

ing c

om

pan

yM

igra

nts

not

work

ing f

or

the

min

es m

ay n

ot

hav

e th

e re

quired

docu

men

ts t

o r

egis

ter

as r

esid

ents

in a

new

soum

Unre

gis

tere

d m

igra

nts

may

not

hav

e per

sonal fu

nds

to a

cces

s se

rvic

esIn

form

al s

ettlem

ents

may

gro

w f

ar f

rom

exi

stin

g f

acili

ties

If n

ot

pro

per

ly m

anag

ed,

untr

eate

d illn

esse

s m

ay r

esult in t

hre

ats

to

public

hea

lth a

s w

ill p

oorl

y dis

pose

d s

olid

was

te.

Inad

equat

e sc

hoolin

g

will

res

ult in t

he

emer

gen

ce o

f poo

rly-

educa

ted y

outh

at

risk

of

par

tici

pat

ing in v

iole

nce

and c

rim

e.

Po

ssib

le a

ctio

ns

Gove

rnm

ent

Support

initia

tive

s to

pro

vide

emplo

ymen

t an

d r

egis

trat

ion d

ocu

men

tation

for

mig

rant

work

ers

Prom

ulg

ate

innova

tions

for

serv

ice

del

iver

y su

ch a

s m

obile

clin

ics

Tow

n d

evel

opm

ent

should

incl

ude

consu

ltat

ions

with r

elev

ant

min

istr

ies

to

ensu

re t

he

avai

labili

ty o

f re

sourc

es for

the

oper

atio

n a

nd m

ainte

nan

ce o

f new

fac

ilities

5

Pop

ulat

ion

Influ

x P

ublic

Hea

lth &

Law

and

Ord

er

A r

ise

in inco

me

among s

om

e, c

hro

nic

unem

plo

ymen

t am

ong o

ther

s; inco

me

ineq

ual

ity;

and

an influx

of

mig

rants

may

resu

lt in:

An incr

ease

in a

lcohol co

nsu

mption

An incr

ease

in d

om

estic

viole

nce

An incr

ease

in c

om

mer

cial

sex

An incr

ease

in x

enophobia

and h

ate-

crim

es

An incr

ease

in o

vera

ll cr

ime

If n

ot

pro

per

ly m

anag

ed,

this

may

lea

d t

o ‘fr

ontier

tow

ns’

wher

e vi

ole

nce

, vi

ce,

and c

rim

e ar

e ra

mpan

t.

Thes

e ac

tivi

ties

may

als

o r

esult in a

bac

klas

h a

gai

nst

min

ing c

om

pan

ies

from

loca

l re

siden

ts.

Po

ssib

le a

ctio

ns

Gove

rnm

ent

Str

ength

en a

nti-v

iole

nce

, an

ti-c

rim

e, a

nd p

ublic

hea

lth initia

tive

s In

crea

se c

apac

ity

and r

esourc

es o

f lo

cal gove

rnm

ent

to m

anag

e la

w a

nd o

rder

Incr

ease

capac

ity

of

loca

l la

w a

nd o

rder

off

icia

ls t

o m

anag

e cr

oss

-cultura

l co

nflic

tSupport

initia

tive

s on c

ross

-cultura

l ed

uca

tion a

nd m

anag

emen

tExp

lore

mec

han

ism

s to

dam

pen

price

hik

es o

r pro

tect

vuln

erab

le g

roups

from

price

hik

es

Gove

rnm

ent

and C

ivil

Soci

ety

Str

ength

en t

he

del

iver

y of

pre

venta

tive

and c

ura

tive

public

hea

lth m

essa

ges

Em

bar

k on c

ivic

and leg

al e

duca

tion c

ampai

gns

Support

initia

tive

s on c

ross

-cultura

l ed

uca

tion a

nd m

anag

emen

t

Min

ing C

om

pan

ies

Build

rec

reat

ional

cen

ters

in m

inin

g c

om

pounds

and m

inin

g t

ow

ns

and p

rom

ote

rec

reat

ional

ac

tivi

ties

Support

initia

tive

s on c

ross

-cultura

l ed

uca

tion a

nd m

anag

emen

tAdopt

det

erre

nce

polic

ies

for

vice

, so

cial

ly-d

isru

ptive

, an

d c

rim

inal

act

ivity

6

Nat

ural

Res

ourc

esLa

nd u

se is

chan

gin

g …

39,6

83,3

70 h

a of la

nd in t

he

Gobi ai

mag

sis

under

exp

lora

tion a

nd

explo

itat

ion lic

ense

s as

of

January

2,

2009 (

Open

Soci

ety

Foru

m)

Som

e of

the

land c

urr

ently

use

d for

pas

ture

will

be

pla

ced u

nder

licen

se,

appro

priat

ed f

or

build

ing infr

astr

uct

ure

, or

use

d f

or

new

tow

ns

Ove

r tim

e, p

astu

re land m

ay d

ecre

ase

in s

ize

and p

roduct

ivity

asm

ore

la

nd is

appro

priat

ed f

or

oth

er u

ses

Wat

er is

a sc

arce

res

ourc

e …

Wat

er a

vaila

bili

ty m

ay d

ecre

ase

as h

erder

s, m

ines

, an

d o

ther

in

dust

ries

put

pre

ssure

on a

vaila

ble

res

ourc

es

Est

imat

es o

f m

ine

dem

and f

or

wate

r ar

e ap

pro

xim

atel

y 120,0

00m

3 p

er

day

by

2015 a

nd 2

00,0

00m

3 p

er d

ay b

y 2020

Wat

er q

ual

ity

may

dim

inis

h a

s a

resu

lt o

f co

nta

min

atio

n (

from

min

ing

activi

ty a

nd p

oor

sanitat

ion)

Curr

ent

estim

ates

note

that

ther

e is

suff

icie

nt

wat

er t

o m

eet

dem

and

for

appro

xim

atel

y 25 y

ears

7

Nat

ural

Res

ourc

esIm

pro

per

man

agem

ent

may

lea

d t

o:

Res

ourc

e dis

pute

s:Conflic

ts b

etw

een h

erder

s and m

iner

s/m

inin

g c

om

pan

ies

ove

r av

aila

bili

ty o

f la

nd a

nd/o

r w

ater

Impact

s on liv

elih

ood

s:

Her

din

g m

ay

bec

om

e le

ss v

iable

ove

r tim

e if p

ast

ure

land

dec

rease

s; o

lder

her

der

s m

ay f

ace

im

pove

rish

men

t Pu

blic

hea

lth c

once

rns:

Dis

ease

and p

ois

onin

g if

wate

r is

conta

min

ate

d

Po

ssib

le a

ctio

ns

Gove

rnm

ent

Incl

ude

her

der

s an

d o

ther

seg

men

ts o

f th

e lo

cal co

mm

unity

in t

he

pro

cess

of

gra

nting lic

ense

s (a

s per

the

Min

eral

s La

w A

rtic

le 2

2)

Dev

elop g

uid

elin

es f

or

com

pen

sation t

o h

erder

s to

ensu

re t

hat

com

pen

sation f

or

relo

cation

and/o

r re

duct

ion o

f pas

ture

lan

d c

ove

rs loss

of phys

ical

ass

ets

and p

rovi

des

liv

elih

ood s

upport

an

d w

her

e nec

essa

ry,

livel

ihood r

esto

ration

Req

uire

soci

al as

sess

men

ts f

rom

min

ing c

om

pan

ies

(and join

t so

cial

ass

essm

ents

wher

e nec

essa

ry)

to p

rovi

de

guid

ance

on a

deq

uat

e m

anag

emen

t of

pro

ject

aff

ecte

d p

eople

s

Gove

rnm

ent

and o

ther

act

ors

Monitor

the

impac

t of

all ac

tivi

ties

on w

ater

by

colle

ctin

g d

ata

(pro

ject

s ex

ist

, ex

plo

re s

calin

g

them

up)

Prom

ote

effort

s to

colle

ctiv

ely

and e

quitab

ly m

anag

e av

aila

ble

wat

er s

ourc

esSet

up a

mec

han

ism

to p

lan r

egio

nal

wat

er u

se a

nd m

anag

emen

t in

the

short

, m

ediu

m,

and

long t

erm

.

Civ

il so

ciet

y org

aniz

atio

ns/

com

munitie

sU

tiliz

e ex

isting leg

isla

tion t

o s

upport

her

der

s w

ho w

ant

to p

rote

ct p

astu

re land

8

Live

lihoo

ds

Ther

e w

ill b

e direc

t em

plo

ymen

t as

:M

inin

g c

om

pan

ies

pro

vide

jobs

for

both

ski

lled a

nd u

nsk

illed

la

bore

rsM

inin

g c

om

pan

ies

outs

ourc

e th

e pro

visi

on o

f goods

and s

ervi

ces

Ther

e w

ill b

e in

direc

t em

plo

ymen

t as

:O

pport

unitie

s fo

r la

bore

rs in b

uild

ing m

inin

g-a

ssoci

ated

in

fras

truct

ure

em

erge

Opport

unitie

s in

non-m

inin

g-r

elat

ed a

reas

em

erge

9

Live

lihoo

ds-T

he L

abor

Mar

ket

Ther

e is

a s

kills

gap

bet

wee

n t

he

loca

l la

bor

mar

ket

and s

om

e of

the

min

ing c

om

pan

y nee

ds

Per

pet

uat

ing t

his

gap

could

mea

n a

per

man

ent

pre

sence

of

mig

rant

work

ers

and

entr

epre

neu

rs w

hic

h c

ould

res

ult in r

esen

tmen

t bet

wee

n loca

ls a

nd m

igra

nts

and/o

r lo

cals

an

d m

inin

g c

om

pan

ies

Po

ssib

le a

ctio

ns:

Gove

rnm

ent:

Intr

oduce

short

-ter

m m

easu

res

to fill

the

skill

s gap

, fo

r ex

ample

, tim

e-bound in-m

igra

tion

polic

ies

for

sem

i-sk

illed

work

ers

Link

tert

iary

educa

tion a

nd v

oca

tional

tra

inin

g c

urr

icula

to t

he

nee

ds

of th

e la

bor

mar

ket

Engag

e in

eff

ort

s to

incr

ease

the

qual

ity

of se

condar

y-sc

hool le

aver

s

Gove

rnm

ent

and m

inin

g c

om

pan

ies:

Under

take

rap

id t

rain

ing p

rogra

ms

to s

upport

the

tran

sition fro

ma r

elia

nce

on m

igra

nt

work

ers

to o

ne

on loca

l w

ork

ers

Provi

de

schola

rship

s to

support

continuin

g e

duca

tion for

studen

ts a

nd e

mplo

yees

Min

ing c

om

pan

ies:

Exp

and o

n-t

he-

job-t

rain

ing o

pport

unitie

sD

evel

op m

ento

rship

pro

gra

ms

for

less

-exp

erie

nce

d s

taff

Provi

de

schola

rship

s to

support

continuin

g e

duca

tion for

studen

ts a

nd e

mplo

yees

Com

munitie

sStr

ongly

enco

ura

ge

school-

age

youth

to inve

st in t

hei

r ed

uca

tion r

ather

than

purs

uin

g s

hort

-te

rm g

ains

in m

inin

g w

ork

10

Live

lihoo

dsP

rivat

e S

ecto

r Dev

elop

men

t

Indirec

t em

plo

ymen

t ef

fect

s ar

e ex

trem

ely

import

ant

for

loca

l ec

onom

ies

Indirec

t em

plo

ymen

t in

cludes

em

plo

ymen

t in

firm

s th

at s

upply

goods

and s

ervi

ces

to m

ines

and n

on-m

ine-

rela

ted e

mplo

ymen

t

Po

ssib

le a

ctio

ns:

Gove

rnm

ent:

Pro

vide

ince

ntive

s fo

r m

inin

g c

om

pan

ies

to s

ourc

e lo

cal goods

and

serv

ices

Support

the

gro

wth

of

mic

ro,

smal

l, a

nd m

ediu

m s

ized

ente

rprise

san

d b

uild

thei

r ca

pac

ity

to e

ngage

with m

inin

g c

om

pan

ies

(e.g

. busi

nes

s dev

elopm

ent,

abili

ty t

o b

id for

contr

acts

)

Gove

rnm

ent

and o

ther

act

ors

(priva

te s

ecto

r, c

ivil

soci

ety)

Work

with h

erder

s to

dev

elop o

rgan

izat

ional

model

s th

rough w

hic

hth

ey c

an p

artici

pat

e in

eco

nom

ic a

ctiv

ity

11

Live

lihoo

ds-B

usin

ess

skills

Indiv

idual

s, h

ouse

hold

s, a

nd b

usi

nes

ses

should

be

wel

l-posi

tioned

to

reap

max

imum

ben

efits

from

the

emer

gin

g

econom

ic o

pport

unitie

s

Po

ssib

le a

ctio

ns

Gove

rnm

ent

Impro

ve t

he

envi

ronm

ent

for

doin

g b

usi

nes

s, e

.g.

by

mak

ing

it fas

ter

to s

tart

a b

usi

nes

s, p

rom

oting t

he

incr

ease

of

avai

labili

ty o

f cr

edit,

and m

akin

g it

easy

to e

mplo

y w

ork

ers

Gove

rnm

ent

and o

ther

act

ors

Build

entr

epre

neu

rial

and inve

stm

ent

skill

s Pr

om

ote

per

sonal

fin

anci

al m

anag

emen

t (e

.g.

savi

ngs

and

inve

stm

ent)

at

the

house

hold

lev

el

12

Live

lihoo

ds-H

erdi

ngH

erdin

g m

ay b

ecom

e le

ss v

iable

as

a liv

elih

ood a

s her

der

s ar

e re

loca

ted,

pas

ture

land d

ecre

ases

, qual

ity

wat

er s

upplie

s dim

inis

h,

and h

erdin

g g

row

s le

ss a

ppea

ling

to

younger

gen

erat

ions

Po

ssib

le a

ctio

ns

Gove

rnm

ent

Pro

vide

guid

elin

es a

nd d

evel

op m

onitoring m

echan

ism

s to

ensu

re t

hat

co

mpen

sation a

nd r

eloca

tion e

nsu

res

livel

ihood r

esto

ration f

or

vuln

erab

le h

ouse

hold

s (t

his

may

incl

ude

requir

ing m

inin

g c

om

pan

ies

to

under

take

soci

al im

pac

t as

sess

men

ts)

Cre

ate

mec

hanis

ms

to m

onitor

the

com

pen

sation a

nd r

eloca

tion p

roce

ss

to e

nsu

re t

hat

her

der

s ar

e not

impove

rish

ed b

y re

loca

tion

Str

ength

en m

echan

ism

s to

monitor

and e

nfo

rce

the

envi

ronm

enta

l re

stora

tion r

equir

emen

ts o

f th

e M

iner

als

Law

Gove

rnm

ent

and m

inin

g c

om

pan

ies

Pro

vide

finan

cial

sec

urity

for

her

der

s ‘c

row

ded

out’

of her

din

g a

s a

resu

lt o

f re

loca

tion o

r en

viro

nm

enta

l deg

radat

ion

Est

ablis

h a

soci

al r

ehab

ilita

tion f

und t

o m

anag

e ad

vers

e so

cial

im

pac

ts

on c

om

munitie

s (p

erhap

s si

mila

r to

the

envi

ronm

enta

l re

hab

ilita

tion

fund)

13

Bus

ines

s A

dvis

ory

Cen

ter (

1)Th

e g

overn

men

t o

f K

aza

kh

stan

req

uir

es

larg

e m

ult

inati

on

al

org

an

izati

on

s to

pay a

man

dato

ry s

oci

al ta

x,

or

pro

vid

e d

irect

fu

nd

s in

to lo

cal d

evelo

pm

en

t p

roje

cts.

The

pro

ject

support

ed e

ntr

epre

neu

rs t

hro

ugh t

he

crea

tion o

f a

busi

nes

s ce

nte

r su

pport

ed b

y Chev

ron T

exac

o a

nd C

itig

roup

Kaz

akhst

an a

nd im

ple

men

ted b

y U

ND

P

Chev

ron T

exac

o g

ave

a $400,0

00 g

rant

to U

ND

P to

est

ablis

h a

nd

man

age

a b

usi

ness

cen

ter.

UN

DP

hired

a t

ech

nic

al ad

vis

er

to t

rain

lo

cal co

nsu

ltan

ts o

n s

ound b

usi

nes

s pra

ctic

esThe

cente

r pro

vides

dro

p-i

n s

erv

ices,

sem

inars

, tr

ain

ing

and

wo

rksh

op

sto

loca

l en

trep

reneu

rsChev

ron T

exas

pro

vided

res

ourc

es f

or

a p

ilo

t m

icro

-cre

dit

sch

em

efo

r gra

duat

es o

f th

e en

trep

reneu

rial

tra

inin

g s

emin

ar o

ffer

ed b

yth

e ce

nte

r an

d C

itig

roup p

rovi

ded

UN

DP

with a

furt

her

$100,0

00 for

loan

ca

pital

With a

dditio

nal

res

ourc

es fro

m b

oth

multin

atio

nal

s, S

MEs

hav

e ac

cess

to

sec

reta

rial

support

, w

ork

spac

e, leg

al h

elp a

nd o

ffic

e su

pplie

s

14

Bus

ines

s A

dvis

ory

Cen

ter (

2)

The

cente

r has

advi

sed h

undre

ds

of lo

cal firm

sIt

has

cre

ated

230 b

usi

nes

s pla

ns

More

than

$2 m

illio

n in loan

s have

bee

n d

isburs

ed530 n

ew jobs

have

bee

n c

reat

edN

ew b

usi

nes

ses

hav

e sp

rung u

p s

uch

as

a priva

te a

mbula

nce

ser

vice

, bow

ling a

lley,

and t

he

city

’s f

irst

super

mar

ket

Chev

ron T

exac

o now

pro

cure

s m

ore

goods

and s

ervi

ces

loca

lly,

ther

eby

reduci

ng c

ost

s.

Support

of

this

pro

gra

m im

pro

ves

com

munity

rela

tions

and c

ontr

ibute

s to

ast

able

eco

nom

ic a

nd p

olit

ical

envi

ronm

ent

for

the

com

pan

y’s

oper

atio

ns.

Key L

earn

ing

Po

int

When

a lar

ge

corp

ora

te e

stab

lishes

its

elf in

a r

egio

n t

hat

has

aw

eak

econom

y an

d s

upport

s SM

E d

evel

opm

ent,

it

is lik

ely

to b

enef

it f

rom

the

resu

ltin

g loca

l ec

onom

ic d

evel

opm

ent

thro

ugh incr

ease

d loca

l pro

cure

men

t an

d a

bet

ter-

educa

ted w

ork

forc

e.

(Sourc

e:

Part

ner

ship

s fo

r Sm

all Ente

rprise

Dev

elopm

ent)

15

Live

lihoo

dsIm

pro

per

man

agem

ent

may

lead

to:

Impove

rish

men

t of

her

der

s, e

spec

ially

old

er a

nd infirm

her

der

s w

ho a

re u

nab

le t

o t

ransi

tion t

o m

inin

g w

ork

Impove

rish

men

t or

econom

ic s

tagnat

ion if

the

loca

l popula

tion c

annot

gai

n a

footh

old

in t

he

emer

gin

g e

conom

y Soci

al c

onflic

t as

a r

esult o

f lo

cal re

siden

ts p

erce

ivin

g

them

selv

es a

s ‘c

row

ded

out’

by

outs

ider

s an

d r

isin

g inco

me

ineq

ual

ity

(par

ticu

larly

bet

wee

n m

igra

nts

and loca

l re

siden

ts):

Soci

al c

onflic

t bet

wee

n loca

ls a

nd m

igra

nts

(fr

om

within

and

outs

ide

of M

ongolia

)Soci

al c

onflic

t drive

n b

y unem

plo

yed a

nd d

isill

usi

oned

youth

(w

ho

may

hav

e flock

to m

inin

g c

ente

rs in s

earc

h o

f opport

unitie

s an

d

fail

to fin

d t

hem

)D

isco

nte

nt

among r

esid

ents

-m

anifes

ted in d

ispute

s, p

etty

crim

e an

d v

iole

nce

, xe

nophobic

crim

es,

and lar

ge

scal

e pro

test

16

Cro

ss-C

uttin

g Is

sues

Cal

ls fo

r Ben

efit

Sha

ring

Loca

l co

mm

unitie

s ar

e ca

lling f

or

a pro

port

ion o

f ben

efits

to

reve

rt t

o t

hem

thro

ugh:

Roya

ltie

s an

d lic

ense

fee

sJo

bs

and o

ther

inco

me

gen

erat

ing o

pport

unitie

s‘D

evel

opm

ent’

in e

xchan

ge

for

nat

ura

l re

sourc

es (

hosp

ital

s,

schools

, ro

ads,

tel

com

s, a

cces

s to

mar

kets

, et

c.)

Citiz

ens

are

calli

ng for

incr

ease

d g

row

th o

pport

unitie

s fo

r direc

tly-

affe

cted

are

a an

d c

ountr

y as

a w

hole

by:

Usi

ng a

dditio

nal

res

ourc

es t

o s

tren

gth

en e

xist

ing g

row

th

area

s (e

.g.

tourism

) an

d e

xplo

re n

ew g

row

th o

pport

unitie

sIn

vest

ing in h

um

an c

apital

17

Cro

ss-C

uttin

g Is

sues

Sus

tain

able

Dev

elop

men

t

One-

off inve

stm

ents

by

min

ing c

om

pan

ies

(e.g

. eq

uip

men

t fo

r hosp

ital

s) s

hould

be

mad

e in

consu

ltat

ion w

ith r

elev

ant

gove

rnm

ent

agen

cies

and c

om

munity

mem

ber

s to

ensu

re t

he

avai

labili

ty o

f re

sourc

es t

o o

per

ate,

mai

nta

in,

and s

upport

those

in

vest

men

ts

Dev

elopin

g a

loca

l ec

onom

ic d

evel

opm

ent

pla

n t

o w

hic

h t

he

min

ing c

om

pan

y is

vie

wed

as

a co

ntr

ibuto

r ca

n c

ontr

ibute

to t

he

alig

nm

ent

of

com

pan

y pla

nnin

g a

nd g

ove

rnm

ent

priorities

Loca

l ec

onom

ic d

evel

opm

ent

pla

ns

should

be

mad

e in

co

llabora

tion w

ith loca

l gove

rnm

ent

and c

om

munity

mem

ber

s an

d t

hey

should

be

alig

ned

with a

ctual

and p

roje

cted

res

ourc

e al

loca

tions

within

gove

rnm

ent,

an

d e

xist

ing loca

l an

d r

egio

nal

pla

nnin

g

Inve

stm

ents

in s

oci

al a

sset

s sh

ould

consi

der

the

life

of th

e m

ine

to a

void

inve

stm

ents

that

will

surv

ive

the

tow

n in w

hic

h t

hey

are

m

ade

18

Cro

ss-C

uttin

g Is

sues

Gov

erna

nce

Mec

hani

sms

Sust

ainab

ility

is

close

ly r

elat

ed t

o loca

l par

tici

pat

ion o

f nei

ghboring c

om

munitie

s in

the

dec

isio

ns

affe

ctin

g t

hem

It is

critic

al t

hat

the

com

munity,

the

min

ing c

om

pan

y, a

nd t

he

gove

rnm

ent

dev

elop a

mec

han

ism

thro

ugh w

hic

h t

o:

Engag

e in

dia

logue

and s

har

e in

form

atio

nM

ake

dec

isio

ns

Res

olv

e dis

pute

s

To e

nsu

re a

str

ong m

echan

ism

:Str

ength

en loca

l gove

rnm

ent

capac

ity

to e

ngag

e w

ith m

inin

g

com

pan

ies

and c

om

munitie

s sh

ould

be

stre

ngth

ened

Incr

ease

citiz

en p

artici

pat

ion in d

ecis

ion-m

akin

gCla

rify

role

s an

d r

esponsi

bili

ties

i.e

. ro

les

of

min

ing

com

pan

ies

and g

ove

rnm

ent

(at

all le

vels

) vi

s-à-

vis

dev

elopm

ent

Incr

ease

info

rmat

ion-s

har

ing,

tran

spar

ency

and a

ccounta

bili

ty

Ensu

re e

xist

ence

of

cred

ible

dis

pute

res

olu

tion m

echan

ism

s

19

•Cal

ls f

rom

com

munitie

s fo

r st

ronger

info

rmat

ion d

iscl

osu

re a

nd c

om

munic

atio

n o

f th

e m

inin

g co

mpan

y’s

oper

atio

n in

Pad

cal

Min

e, th

e Phili

ppin

es le

d to

th

e cr

eation of

an

inte

r-dep

artm

enta

l co

ord

inat

ing d

ivis

ion c

alle

d t

he

Envi

ronm

ent

and C

om

munity

Rel

atio

ns

Div

isio

n (

ECRD

)

•ECRD

’sfu

nct

ion is

to p

urs

ue

com

munic

atio

n a

nd info

rmat

ion d

isse

min

atio

n p

roce

ss u

sing

a m

ulti-

sect

ora

lap

pro

ach invo

lvin

g a

nd s

upport

ing t

he

work

under

take

n b

y a

Multi-

par

tite

M

onitoring T

eam

(M

MT).

•E

CRD

runs

an info

rmat

ion

and e

duca

tion c

ampai

gn f

ocu

sed o

n:

•a

com

mitm

ent

to s

oci

al e

mpow

erm

ent

•pro

tect

ion o

f th

e en

viro

nm

ent

•ec

onom

ic e

ffic

iency

.

•ECRD

conve

nes

reg

ula

r vi

llage

dev

elopm

ent

foru

ms

(pulo

ng-p

ulo

ng)

to d

iscu

ss m

inin

g-

rela

ted iss

ues

such

as

pollu

tion,

min

e re

hab

ilita

tion,

taxe

s, w

aste

man

agem

ent,

etc

.

•The

villa

ge-

leve

l dev

elopm

ent

foru

ms

hav

e bee

n inst

itutional

ized

to p

rom

ote

the

acce

pta

nce

of re

sponsi

bili

ty for

impro

ving indiv

idual

wel

l bei

ng

thro

ugh s

elf-

sust

ainin

g

initia

tive

s.

Sourc

e:

Sta

kehold

er C

om

munic

atio

n

and C

onsu

ltat

ion,

World B

ank

EX

AM

PLE

Com

mun

icat

ion

with

com

mun

ities

20

The

Can

adia

n E

xper

ienc

eA w

ell-

esta

blis

hed

tripar

tite

pro

cess

am

ong c

om

munitie

s,

com

pan

ies,

and g

ove

rnm

ents

has

lai

d t

he

foundat

ion f

or

sust

ainab

le d

evel

opm

ent

in m

inin

g c

om

munitie

s

The

gove

rnm

ent

active

ly w

ork

ed t

o d

evel

op t

his

par

tner

ship

.

Com

pan

ies

must

neg

otiat

e im

pac

ts a

nd b

enef

its

agre

emen

ts w

ith

thei

r co

mm

unitie

s –

com

munity

bas

ed c

onsu

ltat

ion p

roce

dure

s hav

e bee

n d

evel

oped

Com

munitie

s hav

e re

ques

ted t

rain

ing p

rogra

ms

for

min

e w

ork

, as

sura

nce

s of

buyi

ng loca

l in

puts

, an

d a

polic

y of

even

tual

100

per

cent

regio

nal

em

plo

ymen

t.

Soci

o-e

conom

ic a

nd c

ultura

l im

pac

ts s

hould

be

inco

rpora

ted into

th

e dec

isio

n m

akin

g p

roce

ss r

ather

than

focu

sing o

nly

on t

he

envi

ronm

ent

21

It’s

Not

Ove

r Unt

il It’

s O

ver

Min

e C

losu

re P

repa

ratio

n B

egin

s N

OW

!M

inin

g C

om

pan

ies

Beg

in p

lannin

g f

or

closu

re a

t fe

asib

ility

Work

in p

artn

ersh

ip w

ith loca

l gove

rnm

ents

and c

om

munitie

s,

build

ing c

apac

ity

and s

oci

al

capital

Ensu

re a

vaila

bili

ty o

f finan

cial

re

sourc

es f

or

closu

reIm

ple

men

t cl

osu

re in lin

e w

ith

law

s, r

egula

tions,

and

agre

emen

ts w

ith g

ove

rnm

ent

and loca

l co

mm

unitie

s

Lo

cal G

overn

men

t

Prep

are

for

post

-clo

sure

Dev

elop s

ust

ainab

le s

ervi

ce

del

iver

ySupport

eco

nom

ic

div

ersi

fica

tion

Cen

tral G

overn

men

t

Provi

de

an a

deq

uat

e le

gal

and

regula

tory

fra

mew

ork

for

closu

re a

s w

ell as

monitoring

and e

nfo

rcem

ent

inst

itutions

Res

ponsi

bly

inve

st a

nd

dis

trib

ute

fis

cal re

venues

fro

m

min

ing

Prom

ote

sound loca

l an

d

regio

nal

pla

nnin

g

22

Min

e C

losu

re-K

ey Is

sues

Lo

cal C

om

mu

nit

ies

Avo

id d

epen

den

cyPa

rtic

ipat

e in

clo

sure

pla

nnin

gU

se inco

me

to p

repar

e fo

r th

e fu

ture

Civ

il S

oci

ety

Support

com

munitie

s in

re

duci

ng d

epen

den

cy o

n t

he

min

eEngag

e in

ser

vice

del

iver

y w

her

e ap

pro

priat

eM

onitor

min

ing a

nd c

losu

re

activi

ty

Do

no

rs a

nd

IFIs

Support

gove

rnm

ents

, as

nec

essa

ry,

to:

Est

ablis

h a

moder

n leg

al

fram

ework

for

min

e cl

osu

reFi

nan

ce c

losu

re c

ost

s an

d

soci

al s

upport

for

work

ers

leav

ing s

tate

-ow

ned

min

ing

oper

atio

ns

Faci

litat

e re

gio

nal

pla

nnin

gEnco

ura

ge

econom

ic

div

ersi

fica

tion

Dis

sem

inat

e good p

ract

ices