1 Pacific Command Operation Science and Technology Conference 5 March 2012 David M Shanahan Deputy Dean of Academics 2 What How Who Why Build Capacities and Communities of Interest By Educating Connecting and Empowering Security Practitioners To enhance Asia Pacific Security Mission ( 3 APCSS Delivers Value Curriculum that teaches critical thinking --the foundation to deal with whatever challenges, threats and opportunities the future may bring Courses where security practitioners practice multilateral, whole-of-society collaboration --case studies and projects with real-world application Foundations of fellowship that endure --after 18+ years in operation, 60% of APCSS alumni are still in touch APCSS builds capacity and communities of interest to advance security in the critical Asia-Pacific region ( 4 (U) APCSS Tasks - (U) Strengthen relationships with allies, government and NGO partners/friends as well as IOs through in-residence programs, outreaches and research/analysis - (U) Assist nations in Security Sector Reform by improving professional military education and promoting professionalism of armed forces (U) APCSS Tasks - (U) Strengthen relationships with allies, government and NGO partners/friends as well as IOs through in-residence programs, outreaches and research/analysis - (U) Assist nations in Security Sector Reform by improving professional military education and promoting professionalism of armed forces (U) Theater Strategic Objectives - (U) Obj 2: Strengthen existing alliances and partnerships while building new partnerships - (U) Obj 3: Ensure freedom of movement in global commons within USPACOM AOR - (U) Obj 5: Promote & enhance regional security - (U) Obj 6: Prevent proliferation & counter WMD - (U) Obj 7: Prevail against regional violent Extremist Organizations (U) Theater Strategic Objectives - (U) Obj 2: Strengthen existing alliances and partnerships while building new partnerships - (U) Obj 3: Ensure freedom of movement in global commons within USPACOM AOR - (U) Obj 5: Promote & enhance regional security - (U) Obj 6: Prevent proliferation & counter WMD - (U) Obj 7: Prevail against regional violent Extremist Organizations Source: PACOM Theater Campaign Plan Synchronization Board Focus Areas - US-China Mil-Mil - US-India Partnership - DPRK - Alliances/ Partnerships -Transnational Threats JPG PACOM Staff (DELIBERATIVE DOCUMENT: For discussion purposes only. Draft working papers. Do not release under FOIA) FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY FY 13 Workshop Program -Indian Ocean Security Cooperation -Security Sector Development Workshop -CCM Workshop -Alumni COI Workshop - AUS CSC Global Security Issues - CSRT Workshop - Southeast Asia Water Scarcity Workshop - S. Asia Leader Engagement Workshop (with Harvard/NESA) -Indonisia SSD - CSRT Workshop FY 13 Workshop Program -Indian Ocean Security Cooperation -Security Sector Development Workshop -CCM Workshop -Alumni COI Workshop - AUS CSC Global Security Issues - CSRT Workshop - Southeast Asia Water Scarcity Workshop - S. Asia Leader Engagement Workshop (with Harvard/NESA) -Indonisia SSD - CSRT Workshop Courses - ASC & TSC - CSRT & CCM - APOC/SEAPOC Courses - ASC & TSC - CSRT & CCM - APOC/SEAPOC Research and Publications USPACOM TCP Linkage to APCSS FY13 Program 5 Transnational Security Threats Source: FY Priorities for the Regional Centers Dt 23 Jan 2013 Stability/Peacekeeping Operations Defense Institution Building Space Policy and Cyber Security Maritime and Border Security Courses - ASC - TSC - CSRT - CCM - APOC - SEAPOC Research & Publications External Communication Promotion of Multilateral Cooperation Confidence-building measures in areas of historical tensions Stability Peacekeeping and CT Operations FY 13 Workshop Program -Indian Ocean Security Cooperation -Crime Terror Nexus -Security Sector Development Workshop -Alumni COI Workshop - AUS CSC Global Security Issues - CSRT Workshop - Southeast Asia Water Scarcity Workshop - S. Asia Leader Engagement Workshop (with Harvard/NESA) -Indonesia: SSD - CSRT Workshop FY 13 Workshop Program -Indian Ocean Security Cooperation -Crime Terror Nexus -Security Sector Development Workshop -Alumni COI Workshop - AUS CSC Global Security Issues - CSRT Workshop - Southeast Asia Water Scarcity Workshop - S. Asia Leader Engagement Workshop (with Harvard/NESA) -Indonesia: SSD - CSRT Workshop Courses - ASC & TSC - CSRT & CCM - APOC/SEAPOC Courses - ASC & TSC - CSRT & CCM - APOC/SEAPOC Research and Publications OSD(P) Linkage to APCSS FY13 Program Humanitarian Asst &Disaster Response 6 Core Curriculum Advanced Security Cooperation Course (ASC) Comprehensive Crisis Management Course (CCM) Comprehensive Security Responses to Terrorism Course (CSRT) Transnational Security Cooperation Course (TSC) Asia-Pacific Orientation Course (APOC) Senior Asia-Pacific Orientation Course (SEAPOC) Security Sector Capacity Building (SSCB) (begin FY 14) 7 FY13 Workshops Oct 12 Maritime Security Challenges (Multilat Canada) Oct 12 The U.S. Strategic Rebalance: Asia Pacific Perspectives MultiLat Honolulu) Oct 12 Australia Command and Staff College-APCSS Joint Seminar on Regional Security Architecture Workshop (MultiLat Honolulu) Nov 12 NZ Command and Staff College-APCSS Joint Seminar on Regional Security Architecture Workshop (MultiLat Honolulu) Mar 13 Bio Preparedness in the Asia Pacific (w DTRA/PACOM MultiLat Honolulu) (postponed to Sept (T)) Mar 13 Building an Effective Security Sector Through Inclusion: Women Peace and Security (MultiLat Vietnam) Apr 13 Charting the Water Future of So Asia (Multilat w/NESA at Harvard Kennedy School) May 13 Securing Shared Prosperity: China, India, US Perspectives (TriLat Honolulu) Jul 13 Security Sector Development Workshop (MultiLat Honolulu) Aug 13 CTFP Alumni Workshop: Exploiting Crime Terror Nexus (MultiLat Manila) Sep 13 Leveraging Security Cooperation-Fellows Advocacy (MultLat Honolulu) 8 9 Example Practical Outcomes NationCourse / Workshop Year Course / Workshop Project OR Practical Application Status OR Outcome NE Asia Nation2008Developed CT Task Force, CT Course for Police Force, & security for Olympics Implemented SEA Nation2009National Security Strategy Finalized So Asia Nation2009, with DIRICT Framework Strategy, aligned with SAARC Final Implementation underway So Asia Nation2009 & 2010, with DIRI National Security Framework, including new National Security Council Stand Up of new NSC underway SE Asia Nation2009National Security Strategy Finalized SE Asia Nation2010CT Strategy, merging kinetic & socio-econ responses Implemented by President NE Asia Nation2010Legislated updates to Constitutional Framework supporting National Security Passed in parliament Oceania Nation2010Police response following earthquake Effectively managed broad, international dimensions SE Asia Nation2011Updated National Security Law In parliamentary committee 10 Communities of Interest Outreach 11 APCSS has alumni worldwide in over 100 locations/organizations President Tsakhia, President of Mongolia President Jahjaga President of Kosovo Honorable Willy Telavi Prime Minister Tuvalu Distinguished Alumni Alumni in senior positions President/Prime Minister (3) Vice President/Deputy Prime Minister (4) Minister/Secretary (35) Ambassador (102) Chief or Deputy Chief of Defense (15) Chief or Deputy Chief of Service (43) Cabinet or Parliament appointment (36) Advisor to President/King/Cabinet (29) Mr. Alik Alik, Vice President Micronesia Mr. Darusman Former Member, House of Rep, Indonesia General Hurley Chief of Defense, Australia Minister Kim Min of Foreign Affairs and Trade, South Korea Brigadier General Francis Agwi Chief of Defense Papua New Guinea Brigadier General Tauaika Utaatu Chief of Defence Tonga Senator Plooksawat Former General Government of Thailand MG Meng Ng Chief of Air Force Singapore AVM Peter Stockwell Chief of Air Force New Zealand ACM Perera Ambassador to Israel Sri Lanka Chau Sanh Pham Ambassador to Belgium Vietnam Professor Shunsuke Kondo Chairman Japan Atomic Energy Commission Ambassador Buensuceso Philippines Gen Kayani Chief of Army Pakistan 12 South Asia Bangladesh 219* (17) Bhutan 35* (5) India 229* (18) Maldives 78* (6) Nepal 218* (19) Sri Lanka 213* (18) Oceania American Samoa 22* (5) Australia 148* (12) Cook Islands 19* (5) Fiji 84* (12) Kiribati 27 (4) Marshall Islands 33* (4) Micronesia 69* (11) Nauru 8 (3) New Zealand 56* (9) Niue Island 7 (3) Palau 19* (5) Samoa* 12 (5) Solomon Islands 22* (5) Tonga 46* (7) Tuvalu 21* (5) Vanuatu 25* (5) North East Asia China 57* (22) Hong Kong 11* (12) Japan 78* (9) Mongolia 159* (16) Republic of Korea 123* (9) Russia 100* (7) Taiwan 74* (16) South East Asia Brunei 56 (5) Cambodia 104* (12) Indonesia 206* (20) Laos 86* (16) Malaysia 243* (20) Papua New Guinea 86* (8) Philippines 266* (18) Singapore 83* (11) Thailand 260* (20) Timor-Leste 37* (8) Vietnam 118* (13) 100+ Locations 7 International Organizations 54 Alumni Associations* 43 Other Locations 173 (56) 7290 Alumni FY13 Fellow Projection in ( ) Organizations ASEAN 5 (7) Asian Dev. Bank 1 (2) Pacific Island Forum 2 (0) United Nations 4 (12) Int. Cmte of Red Cross 0 (4) World Bank 0 (7) Int. Maritime4 Org. 0 (4) Seam Countries Afghanistan 22* (15) Canada 59* (11) Chile 46* (9) Comoros 20* (5) Mauritius 34* (5) Madagascar 38* (0) Pakistan 202* (18) Peru 14* (5) United States 1670* (376) APCSS FY13 Fellow Projections (951) & Alumni D R A F T 13 APCSS Return on Investment Provides continuum of programs that first develop, then leverage alumni for high-value outcomes Unique Track 1.5 role that enables access & impact not achievable by others Sustains communities of interest and influence to help shape effective strat comms related to security cooperation The result is a network of national security practitioners who effectively interact on routine matters and in crisis 14 15 POST Survey I think the area of technology that will have the most profound effect on regional nations comprehensive security (social, economic, political as well as diplomatic and military security) in the mid-term future (5-15 years) is: Energy 51.8% Information 43.4% Biogenetics 1.2% Robotics 2.4% Nano-scale Engineering 1.2% 16 POST Survey What policy/investment approach should governments prioritize in order to most effectively contend with the security effects of climate change? Adaptation strategies aimed to 35.4% mitigate climate change effects Minimize atmospheric greenhouse28.0% gas concentrations through emissions control and improved agricultural and forestry practices Geo-engineering strategies to9.8% change atmospheric content Adopt a wait and see approach26.8% owing to inconclusive nature of climate science 17 POST Survey Global Energy Security will be best ensured by policy approaches that emphasize: National strategies for energy 49.4% Independence Cooperative strategies and 31.3% mechanisms ensuring open market access for all energy recourses Conservation 16.9% Nations securing source supplier 2.4% allocation commitments 18 POST Survey The top priority for Energy Security in my country should be: Ensuring strategic energy access in25.9% times of crisis Reducing the value/importance44.4% of oil/natural gas in energy sector Maintaining low energy prices for12.3% manufacturers and consumers Significantly increasing clean17.3% energy sources to address environmental concerns 19 POST Survey Human and economic security costs associated with natural disasters are best mitigated by investment in: Technologies to more accurately 8.4% predict natural disasters. Capacity building tools such as risk and 49.4% vulnerability assessments, building and planning codes to enhance community resiliency Coordinating frameworks for more integrated, 33.7% effective and efficient response capabilities. Governance and leadership development8.4% 20 POST Survey Security of the maritime economic zones and commons is most effectively maintained through strengthening: Maritime forces that can monitor and 17.1% unilaterally protect national areas of interest The web of maritime law, convention, 11.0% and accepted practice Cooperative processes and exercises that 72.0% build maritime relationships among regional and sub-regional partners enabling collective effort 21 POST Survey Maritime security of the United States in the Asia Pacific will be best advanced by technological investments in: Maritime domain awareness 61.0% Asymmetric deterrents to conventional 37.8% platforms of others Conventional commercial and military 1.2% shipbuilding 22 POST Survey Within the Cyber commons, organizations can best protect themselves by emphasis on: Layered system of defense mechanisms that mitigate60.2% likelihood of attack success Increased user training and use of risk mitigation 16.9% techniques and procedures Robust attack surveillance and rapid prototyping 16.9% and deployment of patches Rapid and strong cooperation with law enforcement 6.0% agencies to enhance deterrence and possible recompense for damages 23 POST Survey The Cyber commons, as a venue for interaction, can best be protected through: A system of international treaties/agreements dealing with22.9% both criminal/malicious and states supported conduct Rapid adoption of IPv6 and other security enhanced system 19.3% Structure Transfer of responsibility for governance from semi-private, US 6.0% dominated organizations such as ICANN and the Internet Society to a purpose built international organization Recognition that the Cyber commons is in fact a global51.8% commons that is worth protecting and beyond any single states capacity to protect (as a necessary condition to enable systemic protective measures) 24