1 parasitology historical groupings ecto/endoparasites obligate/facultative parasites...

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1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Page 1: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Parasitology Historical groupings

Ecto/Endoparasites

Obligate/Facultative parasites

Permanent/Temporary parasites

Page 2: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Biological Vectors Hyperparasitism

– e.g mosquito carrying malaria protozoan

Biological vectors

Mechanical vectors

Page 3: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Host–Parasite Relationships

Definitive host

Intermediate host

Page 4: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Parasite Defenses

Encystment

Immunological challenges

Host cell invasion to escape Immune system

Page 5: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Parasite Damage

Nutritional deprivation

Direct trauma/obstruction

Inflammation

Page 6: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Plant-like Protozoa

(Algae)– Euglenoids

– Diatoms

– Dinoflagellates

Page 7: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Fungus-like Protozoa Water molds

Slime Molds

Page 8: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Animal-like Protozoa Mastigophorans

– Use flagellae• Trypanosoma

brucei

• Trypanosoma cruzi

Page 9: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Animal-like Protozoa

Amebozoa– Ameboid movement with

pseudopods• Entamoeba histolytica

Page 10: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Animal-like Protozoa Apicomplexans Apical enzyme

complex assists host cell penetration– Plasmodium

– Toxoplasma gondii

Page 11: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Animal-like Protozoa

Ciliates– Move with cilia– Balantidium coli

Page 12: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Fungi Mycology Single celled

Multicellular

– Thallus– Mycelium– Hyphus– Septae

Page 13: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Importance of Fungi Industry

Decomposers

Antibiotic producers

Pathogens

Page 14: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Classification — Fungal Phyla

Phylum Zygomycota Conjugation Fungi

– Coenocytic hyphae

– Molds

– Rhizopus

– Opportunistic

Phylum Ascomycota (Sac) Yeasts and multicellular

fungi Septate hyphae when

multicellular– Penicillium

– Saccharomyces

– Candida

– Trichphyton

– Aspergillus

– Blastomyces

Page 15: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Classification — Other Phyla

Basidiomycota (Club)– Multicellular, septate hyphae

Deuteromycota (Imperfect)– Sexual forms not (yet?) observed– Likely to be Ascomycota when classification is

completed

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Helminths - Platyhelminths

Phylum Platyhelmintha (Flatworms)

Flukes (Class = =Trematodes)– Schistosoma japonicum

Tapeworm (Class = Cestodes)– Taenia saginata

Page 17: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Helminths - Nematodes

Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)– Trichinella spiralis

Page 18: 1 Parasitology Historical groupings Ecto/Endoparasites Obligate/Facultative parasites Permanent/Temporary parasites

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Arthropods

Arachnids– Spiders, scorpions,

ticks and mites– Ticks as Vectors

• Ixodes for B. burgdorferi

• Viral encephalitis• Colorado tickfever• Bacterial Rocky

Mountain spotted fever

Insects– Vectors for Borrelia

causing relapsing fever– Fleas can carry

Yersinia pestis– Mosquitoes carry

Plasmodium and Wuchereria

Crustaceans– Few may transmit

disease, including Guinea worms