1 parasitology historical groupings ecto/endoparasites obligate/facultative parasites...
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Parasitology Historical groupings
Ecto/Endoparasites
Obligate/Facultative parasites
Permanent/Temporary parasites
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Biological Vectors Hyperparasitism
– e.g mosquito carrying malaria protozoan
Biological vectors
Mechanical vectors
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Host–Parasite Relationships
Definitive host
Intermediate host
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Parasite Defenses
Encystment
Immunological challenges
Host cell invasion to escape Immune system
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Parasite Damage
Nutritional deprivation
Direct trauma/obstruction
Inflammation
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Plant-like Protozoa
(Algae)– Euglenoids
– Diatoms
– Dinoflagellates
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Fungus-like Protozoa Water molds
Slime Molds
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Animal-like Protozoa Mastigophorans
– Use flagellae• Trypanosoma
brucei
• Trypanosoma cruzi
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Animal-like Protozoa
Amebozoa– Ameboid movement with
pseudopods• Entamoeba histolytica
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Animal-like Protozoa Apicomplexans Apical enzyme
complex assists host cell penetration– Plasmodium
– Toxoplasma gondii
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Animal-like Protozoa
Ciliates– Move with cilia– Balantidium coli
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Fungi Mycology Single celled
Multicellular
– Thallus– Mycelium– Hyphus– Septae
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Importance of Fungi Industry
Decomposers
Antibiotic producers
Pathogens
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Classification — Fungal Phyla
Phylum Zygomycota Conjugation Fungi
– Coenocytic hyphae
– Molds
– Rhizopus
– Opportunistic
Phylum Ascomycota (Sac) Yeasts and multicellular
fungi Septate hyphae when
multicellular– Penicillium
– Saccharomyces
– Candida
– Trichphyton
– Aspergillus
– Blastomyces
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Classification — Other Phyla
Basidiomycota (Club)– Multicellular, septate hyphae
Deuteromycota (Imperfect)– Sexual forms not (yet?) observed– Likely to be Ascomycota when classification is
completed
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Helminths - Platyhelminths
Phylum Platyhelmintha (Flatworms)
Flukes (Class = =Trematodes)– Schistosoma japonicum
Tapeworm (Class = Cestodes)– Taenia saginata
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Helminths - Nematodes
Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms)– Trichinella spiralis
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Arthropods
Arachnids– Spiders, scorpions,
ticks and mites– Ticks as Vectors
• Ixodes for B. burgdorferi
• Viral encephalitis• Colorado tickfever• Bacterial Rocky
Mountain spotted fever
Insects– Vectors for Borrelia
causing relapsing fever– Fleas can carry
Yersinia pestis– Mosquitoes carry
Plasmodium and Wuchereria
Crustaceans– Few may transmit
disease, including Guinea worms