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ROAD WEATHER MANAGEMENT
Paul PisanoTeam Leader, Road Weather ManagementFederal Highway AdministrationWashington, DCJune 13, 2006
Contact: [email protected]; 202-366-1301
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• Safety– Approx 1.57 million weather-related crashes/year
• 7,300 fatalities; 690,000 injuries
– 24% of all crashes occurred on slick pavement or under adverse weather
• Mobility– About 25% of non-recurrent delays on freeways is
due to weather; system delay is 1 billion hrs/yr.
• Productivity– Weather-related delay adds $3.4 billion to freight
costs annually
• Environment– Chemical anti-icing and deicing materials effect
watersheds, air quality and infrastructure
Weather and Highway Operations
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Adverse Road Weather – National Toll
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InstitutionalChange
Customer focusedPerformance basedSystems, not jurisdictionsReal-time informationProactive24/7
Technical
Advancement
Information Gathering Information Sharing System Mgmt. & Control Vehicle-based Vehicle-to-Vehicle Vehicle-to-Roadside-to- Home BasedElectronic Payment
21st Century
Operations
Transportation Operations
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21st Century OperationsUnder All Weather Conditions
• FHWA is providing leadership and direction:– Institutional Change
• Bridge transportation and meteorological communities
• Build markets
– Technical Advancement• Develop integrated solutions• Leverage resources
• Developing solutions that alleviate the effects of adverse weather on the transportation system
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SAFETEA-LU, Section 5308
• Establish a Road Weather R&D program:– Follow NRC report “Where the Weather Meets the
Road”– Promote Technology Transfer– Expand Research & Development
• Multi-disciplinary stakeholder input:– NOAA– NSF– AASHTO– Private sector– Non-profit orgs.
• Funding: $5m/yr for 4 years
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Solutions to challenges are approached through four objectives:
1. Stakeholder Coordination2. Applied Research3. Technology Transfer, Training & Education4. Performance Management & Evaluation
FHWA Road Weather Mgmt Program
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Bring a multi-disciplinary approach to the road weather challenges, developing strong partnerships with the public & private sectors of the transportation and weather communities.• Build formal partnerships with weather industry
– Funded BASC study– FHWA/NOAA Memorandum of Understanding – July,
2005– OFCM Working Groups– AMS ITS/Surface Transportation Committee
• Elevate the profile of weather within the transportation community– Established the TRB Task Force on weather– AASHTO
• Strengthen international links (e.g., PIARC)
Objective 1: Stakeholder Coordination
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Integrate weather advancements (e.g., high resolution surface weather modeling) with advanced transportation solutions to develop and demonstrate innovative tools and technologies.
• Road weather observing systems– Clarus initiative
• Decision support tools– Maintenance Decision Support System (MDSS)
• Weather-responsive traffic management
Objective 2: Applied Research
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Advance the state of the practice by raising Road Weather Management capabilities across the transportation industry.• Develop training & outreach material
– NHI Course – “Principles and Tools for Road Weather Mgmt.”– ITE Professional Development CD– AASHTO Anti-icing/RWIS computer-based training– “Road Risk” DVD with The Weather Channel
• Promote market-ready technologies (MDSS)• Ease access to Road Weather Management resources• Target conferences
– AASHTO/FHWA Eastern Snow Expo– ITS America “Weather Alley”– AMS Annual Meeting
Objective 3: T2, Training & Education
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Develop performance measures that can be used to evaluate and compare alternative road weather management strategies.
• Identify performance measures for Road Weather Management (with NOAA)
• Develop winter maintenance performance standards (NCHRP 6-17)
• Develop benefit-cost analysis procedures for Road Weather Management tools• Conduct b/c analyses (e.g., MDSS)
• ITS deployment studies
Objective 4: Performance Management
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• Maintenance Decision Support System• The Clarus Initiative• Weather-responsive Traffic
Management• New projects
Program Highlights
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MDSS is a winter maintenance decision-support
system that combines:• Advanced weather prediction• Advanced road condition prediction• Rules of practice for anti-icing and de-icing
The system generates winter treatmentrecommendations on a route-by-route basis.
Maintenance Decision Support System
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Maintenance Decision Support System
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MDSS Treatment Selector
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States Involved in MDSS
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• Clarus is a system that assimilates, quality checks, and disseminates the nation’s road weather observations
• Initiative Objectives:– Design, develop and demonstrate these
capabilities– Work with our public and private partners to
develop and evaluate the value-added road weather information products that Clarus enables
– Establish partnerships to move from demonstration to deployment of a nationwide network
The Clarus Initiative
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Environmental Sensor Stations (ESS)
An ESS is any site with sensors measuring atmospheric conditions, pavement conditions, and/or water level conditions.
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111
70
4358
83
117
9
87 3190
44 39
5
11
33
154
15
60
86 61
63
19
169
2
82
24
40
81
71
6063
6028
6
30
4
92
63
1
3
0
Alaska74
4
15
4
Hawaii1
D.C.6
34
5
National Total2,336
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ESS in RWIS1,815
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Route Specific Radio & TV
Broadcasts of Travel Conditions
More Effective Websites
Credible & Precise Travel Advice
Add Detail to HAR & VMS
Spawn New Technologies
(PDA, cell)
Clarus
Enhanced decision making tools
In-vehicleInformation
Clarus – Unlimited Possibilities
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Clarus Roadmap
Stakeholder Coordination
System Design
FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09
Multi-State Regional
Demonstration
Final Design, Model
Deployment
Tra
ck 2
Tra
ck 3
Tra
ck 1
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• Integration of Weather into Traffic Management/Operations Center
• Empirical Studies on Weather and Traffic
• Weather Response System for Transportation
• NGSIM Traffic Simulation Models
Wx-Responsive Traffic Management
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• Five levels of integration were analyzed– Operational, physical, technical, procedural,
institutional
• 9 TMC’s/TOC’s were evaluated• Summary of Practices
– Most centers respond to traffic, not weather– Info from Weather Channel and ESS– Weather info used mainly for advisory purposes– MD and UT centers highly integrated
• Final Report includes several recommendations
TMC Weather Integration Study
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• Goal: To understand relationship between weather and traffic flow
• Completed review of existing data and studies– Impact of rain and snow moderately studied– Little research on visibility, wind and other events– Mostly macroscopic analysis
• Conducting Data Collection and Analysis– Investigate regional differences, variable facilities– Transition from free flow to congested flow– Visibility impacts
• Future steps: – Human factors data collection and analysis– Incorporate new knowledge in existing models
Empirical Studies on Wx and Traffic
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• Goal: Utilize existing weather data to support transportation operations
• Prototype Development in Missouri DOT
Weather Response System
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• Implementation and evaluation of the ESS Siting Guidelines
• Develop a Needs Assessment Guide for integrating weather in TMC operations
• Develop performance metrics for Road Weather Management
• MDSS Cost-Benefit Analysis (w/S. Dakota)
• Defining requirements for other types of weather-related decision making
New Projects
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• We are in the midst of a culture change in surface transportation weather and operations– Creating demand for integrated solutions– Leveraging public sector resources to build
markets and improve private sector services– Engaging stakeholders and building
partnerships
• Developing and applying the right tools and technologies will help transportation agencies make the right decisions.
Conclusion