1 sustainability at u.s. military facilities society of american military engineers, savannah post...
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Sustainability at U.S. Military Facilities
Society of American Military Engineers, Savannah Post
13 December 2010
Outline
Definitions
Drivers
Discussion Topics
Questions
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Definitions of Sustainability
Conventional Definitions Brundtland Commission
“Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.”
ISO “actions of an organization to take responsibility for the impacts of its
activities on society and the environment . . . based on ethical behavior, compliance with law, and intergovernmental instruments, and . . .integrated into the ongoing activities of an organization.”
Variations on this theme for the Services U.S. Army triple bottom line: mission, environment, and community
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Mandatory Presidential Executive Order 13514 USEPA GHG Reporting Rule (40 CFR Part 98)
Stakeholder Interests Taxpayer
› Fiscally responsible: value creation and cost reduction
› Assured supply and price predictability
› Global sourcing and environmental justice issues Workforce needs and development Community Local approvals
The Environment Assured supply of natural resources: water, energy and materials
› Impact of climate change
Drivers of Sustainability
Presidential EO 13514
Signed 10/05/2009(Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance) Applicable to all Federal agencies, except:
› Intelligence activities and related personnel, resources, and facilities› Law enforcement activities of Federal agencies› Other exemptions on national security grounds
Applicable to all Federally owned or operated vehicles, vessels, aircraft, or non-road equipment, except:› Combat, tactical, and associated training› Federal law enforcement› Emergency response (including fire and rescue)› Spaceflight vehicles (including associated ground-support equipment)
Builds on Executive Order 13423› Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management (2007)
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Drivers
Section of EO 13514 Goal Due from date of EO (10/5/09)
(a) Greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions
Set percentage reduction targets (FY2008 baseline) for Scope 1 & 2*emissions:(i)Energy intensity reduction(ii)Renewable energy increase(iii)Fossil fuel decrease
90 days
(b) GHG reductions Set percentage reduction targets (FY2008 baseline) for Scope 3* emissions:(i)Supply chain (vendors/contractors)(ii)Commuting & travel
240 days
(c) GHG inventory Scopes 1-3* for FY2010; then annually thereafter 15 months
(d) Water use (i) Potable water consumption intensity: reduce by 2% annually through FY2020 or 26% by end of FY2020 (FY2007 baseline)
(ii) Industrial, landscaping, agricultural water consumption: reduce by 2% annually through FY2020 or 20% by end of FY2020 (FY2010 baseline)
(iii) Potable water consumption: Identify, promote, implement water reuse strategies
None listed
(e) Pollution prevention, waste elimination
(i) Diversion of at least 50% of non-hazardous, non-construction debris by end of FY2015
None listed
(f) Advanced local and regional planning
(iv) Identify and analyze impacts from energy usage and alternative energy sources in all EISs and EAs for proposals for new or expanded Federal facilities under NEPA
None listed
(g) Federal building design, construction, O&M, deconstruction
(i) Starting FY2020, ensure that all new Federal buildings entering the planning process are designed to achieve zero net energy by FY2030
(ii) Cost-effective, innovative strategies, e.g., reflective and vegetative roofs
None listed
(h) Sustainable acquisition
Ensure that 95% of new contract actions (except weapons systems) are energy-efficient, water-efficient, biobased, environmentally preferable, non-ozone depleting, contain recycled content, and/or are non-toxic or less-toxic alternatives
None listed
(i) Electronics stewardship
EPEAT/FEMP/Energy Star procurement preference, power management, duplex printing, disposition, best practices for data center management
None listed
(j) Environmental mgmt Continued implementation of environmental management systems None listed
Presidential EO 13514 – Greenhouse Gas Reporting
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Drivers
Scope Sub-Category Examples
Scope 1: Direct emissions from combustion at facility
Stationary On-site boilers, turbines, furnaces, process heaters
Mobile Vehicles, vessels, aircraft, off-road equipment
Process Dry ice, other processes directly using GHGs
Fugitive Refrigerant leakage
Scope 2: Indirect emissions
Purchased utilities (i.e., not produced on-site)
Purchased electricity, steam, heat, chilled water
Scope 3: Other indirect emissions
Employee commuting, official travel
Travel using non-facility vehicles, vessels, aircraft
Solid waste Waste sent to landfills
Supply chain Emissions in manufacture/ transport/ use/ disposal of procured products
USEPA Rulemaking
USEPA Mandatory GHG Reporting Rule Applicable to all facilities (including military) with emissions of ≥25,000
metric tons carbon dioxide equivalent per year (MTCO2E/yr)
› Military: General stationary combustion only› Civilian: Stringent requirements for certain types of industries and
suppliers Use of different reporting tiers based on energy output and fuel type GHG tracking to begin 01/01/2010
› First report to USEPA due 03/31/2011 USEPA Endangerment Finding
Follow up to 04/02/07 Supreme Court ruling – CO2 as “air pollutant”
Gives USEPA authority to regulate CO2 emissions under the Clean Air Act
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Drivers
Discussion Topics
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Baseline InventoryBaseline Inventory
Energy and Carbon - Inventory
Emissions Forecasting and Stabilization Wedges
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Emis
sion
s (m
etric
tons
CO
2E)
020072007
Year20502050
Business-as-usual Trajectory
Business-as-usual Trajectory
Desired Trajectory
Desired Trajectory
180000
120000Demand Side Management
RenewablesOffsets / RECs
• Building envelope• HVAC• Lighting Improvements• Improved Energy
Metering• Water Conservation• Continuous
Commissioning• Process Improvements• CHP & Distributed
Power
• Central Plant Biomass Conversion• On-site Wind• On-site Photovoltaics• Biogas
Example Energy AssessmentExample Energy Assessment
3.1.
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4. R
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3. A
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4. A
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5. C
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1. A
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2. P
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3. P
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3.14
.1. R
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3.14
.2. R
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3.14
.3. P
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3.14
.4. P
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ontin
ual H
ealth
and
Saf
ety
Eva
luat
ions
Aaron Davis Hall
Howard E. Wille Administration Building
Baskerville Hall
Compton/Goethels Hall
Shiff House Day Care Center
Harris Hall
HVAC ControlsOperation and Maintenance
Buildings
Envelope Lighting
Identifying Potential Energy Conservation Measures
Alternative / renewable energy opportunities Waste heat recovery Cogeneration / CHP Backpressure steam turbines Absorption chillers Solar photovoltaics (PV) Solar thermal Wind energy Biogas
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ECM Cost/Benefit AnalysisECM Cost/Benefit Analysis
Project Subcategory Investment CostAnnual Energy Cost
SavingsAnnual CO2e Reductions
$ mil % of total $ mil % of total MT eCO2 % of totalExisting Buildings: Equipment Replacements and Retrofits
ECM 1: Lighting Fixtures and Controls 8.00 15.2% 0.61 21.4% 2,065 17.9%ECM 8: Replace Pneumatic Domestic Water Supply System(Marshak) 0.08 0.1% 0.004 0.1% 12 0.1%ECM 9: Upgrade Laboratory Fume Hoods and Controls(Marshak and Steinman Halls) 31.79 60.2% 0.83 28.9% 3,629 31.4%ECM 11: Shepard Hall HVAC Renovation 0.75 1.4% 0.02 0.7% 76 0.7%
Existing Buildings: Other Capital Measures ECM 3: Campus-wide DDC Building Automation System 7.00 13.3% 0.74 26.0% 3,110 26.9%ECM 10: Building Envelope Improvements 4.50 8.5% 0.18 6.3% 752 6.5%
Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance ECM 4: Recommission Central Chiller Plant Controls 0.12 0.2% 0.22 7.6% 738 6.4%ECM 5: HVAC System Retro-Commissioning(Compton-Goethals and Baskerville Halls) 0.15 0.3% 0.02 0.7% 72 0.6%
ECM 6: Steam Trap Maintenance Program 0.15 0.3% 0.22 7.6% 1,006 8.7%
Clean Distributed Generation ECM 7: Boiler Heat Recovery 0.25 0.5% 0.02 0.7% 96 0.8%
Total 52.79 100.0% 2.87 100.0% 11,556 100.0%
Fort Eustis, Virginia (Army)
Baseline Carbon Footprint Available Data Sources Stationary Emissions Fuel Use Mobile Emissions Fuel Use Purchased Electricity Utility Data Solid Waste Waste Disposal Data
Evaluation of Mitigation Efforts Recycling Partial Solid Waste Diversion to Waste to Energy Plant instead of Landfill 9% Reduction in Carbon Footprint through Mitigation
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Discussion Topics
Pope AFB, North Carolina
Repair Control Tower Conversion from electric heat to the central steam systems using a
steam to hot water heat exchanger Installation of DDC controls with energy management capabilities Installation of exterior insulation and finish systems to reduce heating
and cooling costs
Renovation of Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron Buildings Boiler conversion from oil to more efficient gas-fired burner Energy efficient lighting replacement DDC controls with energy management capabilities Gas-fired makeup air units
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Discussion Topics
Projects at Military InstallationsFort Carson, Colorado – U.S. Army’s first LEED Gold facility
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Buildings & Facilities (LEED)
Mitigate impact of growth in the military
30% reduction in energy use Improved insulation Reflective Roof Lighting power density
reduction CO2 sensors for demand
control ventilation Variable speed chiller
Projects at Military Installations
Water & Waste
Source minimization, reuse, and recycle
Water and Sewer Usage Are you doing everything possible to minimize the use of water at your Base
(e.g., waterless devices or low-flow fixtures), along with the resulting waste streams associated with water use?
Printing and Packaging Can you reformulate your printed materials and packaging to eliminate all but
the absolutely necessary elements and utilize recycled materials? Are all printers configured for double-sided and reduced size printing?
Waste Minimization and Commodity Management Do you have a comprehensive waste minimization policy and program? Do you have effective programs in place to recover and recycle or reuse
valuable commodities and reduce solid waste streams?
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Discussion Topics
McGuire AFB, New Jersey
Water Recycle System Design of complete, stand alone recycle systems for two vehicle wash
racks to:› reduce discharge to the sanitary system› conserve water (used for washing) due to a Base-mandated goal for
overall reduction ~60,000 gal/yr saved for sanitary and water combined
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Projects at Military Installations
Procurement & Supply Chain
EO 13514 Ensure that 95% of new contract actions (except weapons systems) are energy-
efficient, water-efficient, biobased, environmentally preferable, non-ozone depleting, contain recycled content, and/or are non-toxic or less-toxic alternatives
Procurement What are your primary purchases? Are there alternative materials that are more environmentally friendly and provide
no worse than a cost-neutral comparison to current materials? Are you using recycled materials wherever possible? Have you asked your suppliers to provide environmentally friendly options or
alternatives where feasible? Supply Chain Consideration
Can you spell out your sustainability-related requirements? Can you incentivize/influence your suppliers to meet these requirements?
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Discussion Topics
Sustainability through “de-construction”
Deconstruction is the process of dismantling a building in order to salvage components for reuse and recycling
Fundamentally change notions about commerce and its role in shaping future
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Demolition Deconstruction
Highly Mechanized Labor Intensive
Capital Intensive Low-Tech
Waste Generating Material Reuse
Deconstruction is the sustainability preferred option.
Discussion Topics
Wright Patterson AFB
“Team Wright Patt” Sustainability ProjectProject: Deconstruction of Green Acres housing complex
Objective: Minimize environmental footprint of demolition by re-purposing much of the site material, including – 1000+ ceiling fans
Garage doors
Windows
“Soft goods” (sinks, fixtures, toilets)
Water heaters
Furnaces & HVAC
Cabinetry
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Projects at Military Installations
Sustainable Remediation
Environmental cleanup that is able to evaluate whether benefits outweigh remediation costs; ensure the environmental impact of the remediation activity is
less than the impact of leaving the land untreated; engage all stakeholders in the decision-making process; minimize or eliminate energy and natural resources
consumption; reduce or eliminate releases to the environment; harness or mimic natural processes; use renewable energy sources; and use recyclable materials.
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Discussion Topics
Sustainable Remediation
Traditional Cover Estimated GHG emissions
› Soil cover = 17,000 tons CO2
› Geomembrane cover = 11,000 tons CO2
Alternative Cover Estimated GHG emissions
› Willows cover = -11,000 tons CO2
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Discussion Topics
Sustainable Remediation
Mechanical dredging and off-site disposal Estimated GHG emissions = 56,000 tons CO2
Hydraulic dredging and on site disposal Estimated GHG emissions = 49,000 tons CO2
Hydraulic Dredging, Green Electric Power,
and On-Site Disposal Estimated GHG emissions = 30,000 tons CO2
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Discussion Topics
EO Compliance
EO 13123 Compliance Study - Robins AFB, Georgia
EO 13123 required that all DOD facilities:
1. Reduce their energy consumption by 20% by the year 2005;
2. Increase production flexibility by reconfiguring or upgrading the facility infrastructure to maximize utility and space flexibility and to accommodate the continually variable operations of this facility;
3. Lower maintenance costs through the repair or replacement of facility equipment
Capital and 20-year life cycle implementation costs used
Assessments conducted:› Potential to incorporate green products into the renovation› Impact to facility’s LEED score through the application of various
renovation scenarios
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Discussion Topics
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