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1 Sustainability of the Peruvian anchoveta-based supply chains from sea to plate ANCHOVETA-SC PROJECT status report Angel Avadi, IRD, Universit Montpellier II DISCOH Scientific Workshop 29-31 March 2012 Main project collaborators: Maril Bouchon, IMARPE Camilo Cuba, UNFV Dr. Pierre Fron, IRD Federico Iriarte, UNFV Ana Medina, IMARPE Jesus Nuez, IRD Jorge Tam, IMARPE Rosa Vinatea, UNFV Slide 2 2 Outline 1.The ANCHOVETA-SC project 2.Supply chain modelling and evaluation Modelling Sustainability indicators 3.Initial LCA results Slide 3 3 ANCHOVETA-SC Project financed by IRD and project partners Coordinator: Pierre Fron, IRD Location: Peru Duration: 4 years (01.2010 - 12-2013) Theme: Environmental and socio-economic assessment of major international supply chains consuming Peruvian anchoveta (aligned to WP5 DISCOH) Outputs: Sustainability assessment Policy and sustainability suggestions PhD thesis (plus other theses) Slide 4 4 Focus 1.Characterisation of biophisical flows along the supply chains (SC) Featuring ecosystem-SC interactions 2.Comparison of scenarios based on different fishing intensities and fate of landings (DHC vs IHC) 3.Sustainability comparison of chains/scenarios based upon: Energy performance Environmental impacts (LCA) Seafood-specific impact categories Nutritional value Selected socio-economic indicators Slide 5 5 1) Simplified SC diagram Ecosystem dynamics Fisheries Emissions Inputs DHC processing Emissions Inputs Reduction Emissions Inputs Anchoveta, predators Anchoveta Aquafeed Emissions Inputs (including crops) Aquaculture Emissions Inputs Con- sumption Canned, cured, frozen Chinese finfish? European salmon? Shrimp? Slide 6 6 Modelling ecosystem-SC interactions Ecopath with Ecosym Trophic model Umberto Material and energy flow model Slide 7 7 2) Scenarios and 3) Indicators To compare feed ingredients, feed formulations and seafood products: Gross energy content (MJ/kg) Edible protein Energy Return On Investment (%) Biotic Resource Use (g C/kg) Ecological Footprint (ha/t) To compare intermediate and final seafood products, and competing supply chains: LCA impact categories Socio-economic indicators (to be defined) Status quo (maximum anchoveta stock exploitation) Status quo (1-2% DHC) Status quo (maximum anchoveta stock exploitation) Increase in DHC (10-15% DHC) Diversification (reduction of anchoveta catches + increase of predator catches) Mixed model with anchoveta DHC/IHC and anchoveta predators DHC HarvestFateIndicators rationale Slide 8 8 LCAs carried out Two fishmeal plants: a conventional one producing only Fair Average Quality (FAQ) fishmeal and using mainly heavy fuel as energy source a more modern steam plant producing both FAQ and prime quality fishmeal and using both heavy fuel and natural gas Detailed inventories of industrial anchoveta fleet under processing preliminary LCA of representative average 395 m3 vessel category Two aquafeed plants (Iquitos) A pilot facility and a working commercial facility One aquaculture farm (Iquitos) Peruvian Amazonian species Slide 9 9 Iquitos Colossoma farm Colossoma macropomum (Gamitana), a large Amazonian fish Farm: 30 ha, converted from rain forest, 11.2 ha of ponds (no wastewater treatment), production: 100 t/a, feed: 150 t/a Slide 10 10 Network: Colossoma farm Slide 11 11 Characterisation: Colossoma farm Main impact contributors: feed and rain forest transformation FRY Marine ecotoxicity Freshwater ecotoxicity Freshwater eutrophication Terrestrial acidification Photochemical oxidant formation Ozone depletion Urban land occupation Terrestrial ecotoxicity Ionising radiation Agricultural land occupation Climate change Ecosystems Natural land transformation Particulate matter formation Human toxicity Climate change Human Health Metal depletion Fossil depletion Slide 12 12 Iquitos Aquafeed plants 2 plants visited: 30 t/a IIAP plant 8 t/m commercial plant (competing with Purina, etc.) < 6% Peruvian fishmeal content in feeds > 33% Bolivian soymeal content > 45% local cornmeal content Slide 13 13 Network: Aquafeed plant (8 t/m) Slide 14 14 Characterisation: Aquafeed plant Main impact contributor: use phase Marine ecotoxicity Freshwater ecotoxicity Freshwater eutrophication Terrestrial acidification Photochemical oxidant formation Ozone depletion Urban land occupation Terrestrial ecotoxicity Ionising radiation Agricultural land occupation Climate change Ecosystems Natural land transformation Particulate matter formation Human toxicity Climate change Human Health Metal depletion Fossil depletion LCA FISHMEAL PLANT Slide 15 15 Aquafeed plant use phase Impact contributors in use phase: oil-powered electricity feed ingredients, mainly Bolivian soymeal (due to clearcutting in Bolivia) Marine ecotoxicity Freshwater ecotoxicity Freshwater eutrophication Terrestrial acidification Photochemical oxidant formation Ozone depletion Urban land occupation Terrestrial ecotoxicity Ionising radiation Agricultural land occupation Climate change Ecosystems Natural land transformation Particulate matter formation Human toxicity Climate change Human Health Metal depletion Fossil depletion Slide 16 16 Network: Hypothetical trout feed plant (43% fishmeal) Slide 17 17 Comparison of feed plants Slide 18 18 Network: Fishing vessel 395 m3 Slide 19 19 Design remarks Key aquaculture products havent been characterised for Peruvian conditions E.g. Peruvian rice and corn. Proxies were used and adaptations introduced when possible (e.g. Bolivian soymeal adapted from Brazilian) Key industrial products havent been characterised, yet its composition is known/estimated E.g. electric and combustion engines Slide 20 20 LCA results Construction and maintenance of (reduction, feed) plants contributes negligibly Fuel use is the main contributor to impacts in all activities (fishing, reduction, feed processing) Feed provision is the main contributor to impacts in extensive Peruvian aquaculture The sourcing of feed ingredients is a critical factor for associated environmental impacts of feeds E.g. Brazilian soymeal performing much worst than Bolivian one, due to clear cutting of rain forest vs. of shrublands. Slide 21 21 Further (ongoing) work EwE scenarios definition and integration with Umberto Selection of and data gathering for socio-economic indicators Statistical processing of fleet inventories and comprehensive LCA of fleet categories Further LCAs: Canning, curing and freezing plants Carnivore fish and shrimp aquaculture farms Gathering supply chains operative data and LCIs Background processes for provision of feed ingredients Published LCI/LCA data must be recalculated to ensure consistency Slide 22 22 Gracias por su atencin Preguntas, comentarios? XXXX