1. synovial joint dr iram tassaduq synovial joint joint in which two bones are separated by a space...
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SYNOVIAL JOINTDr Iram Tassaduq
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Synovial Joint
Joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity
Most are freely movable 3
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SALIENT FEATURES Articular cartilage Capsule Synovial membrane Synovial cavity Synovial fluid Articular discs Ligaments Menisci Bursa Intra articular structures
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ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
hyaline cartilage covering the bone surfaces
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CAPSULE fibrous
capsule lined by synovial membrane
continuous with periosteum
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SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
Synovial membrane attaches to the margins of the joint surfaces at the interface between cartilage and bone and encloses the articular cavity
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SYNOVIAL CAVITY
Joint cavity is synovial cavity
Surrounded by synovial membrane
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SYNOVIAL FLUID
viscous slippery fluid rich in albumin & hyaluronic acid & similar to raw egg white
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ARTICULAR DISC
Circular rim of fibrous cartilage between articular surfaces of two bones
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MENISCUS Meniscus is an
incomplete rim of white fibrous cartilage between articular cartilages.
Shock absorber Enhancement of
congruence Protection of edges Weight distribution Facilitation of
movement 12
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BURSA Lubricating
device consist of a closed fibrous sac.
Present wherever tendon rub against bones,ligaments or other tendons
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Tendon Sheaths and Bursae
Tendon sheaths = cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane and wrapped around a tendon
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INTRACAPSULAR STRUCTURE
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TYPES OF SYNOVIAL JOINT
Classified according to arrangement of articular surfaces and types of movement
Plane joint Hinge Pivot Condyloid Ellipsoid Saddle Ball and socket
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PLANE JOINT
Opposed articular surfaces are flat, allowing bones to slide on one another
Sternoclavicular and acromio clavicular joint
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HINGE JOINTResemble hinge on doorFlexion and extension
possibleElbow, knee and ankle joint
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CONDYLOID JOINTS
These are also known as bicondylar joints. There articular surfaces consist of two distinct condyles in which one is fitting into a concave surface of the other bone. These joints mainly permit the movement in plane around a transverse axis. Example of this type of joints is knee joint
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PIVOT JOINTS Pivot joints are formed by a central
bony pivot surrounded by an osteo-ligamentous ring. Movements are permitted in one plane around a vertical axis. Examples of this type are superior and inferior radioulnar joints and atlantoaxial joint
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SADDLE JOINT
Each articular surface is shaped like a saddle, concave in one direction and convex in the other Flexion, extension, abduction,
adduction and rotation carpometacarpal joint at the base of the
thumb
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ELLIPSOID JOINTS Oval convex surface on one bone fits into
a similarly shaped depression on the next radiocarpal joint of the wrist metacarpophalangeal joints at the bases of
the fingers
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BALL and SOCKET
Socket deepened by acetabular labrum Blood supply to head of femur found in ligament of
the head of the femur Joint capsule strengthened by ligaments
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