1. the roman empire in hispania

8/10/2019 1. The Roman Empire in Hispania

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IES FRAY PEDRO DE URBINA. GEO. AND HISTORY DEPARTMENT

THE ROMAN EMPIRE IN HISPANIA

1. The origin of the Empire.

Latins who foun! Ro"! #!i$hth %!ntu&' B() in a hi**' a&!a a*on$ th! Ti+!& Ri,!&- a

*a%! suita+*! fo& a$&i%u*tu&! an t&a!- fi&st o*iti%a**' o&$ani/! as a "ona&%h'-

th!n as a &!u+*i% whos! %on0u!sts +' th! M!it!&&an!an !n&i%h! it- +ut that

%&!at! hu$! so%ia* in!0ua*iti!s- %i,i* wa&s an a $&owin$ &o*! of "i*ita&'

%o""an!&s.

On! of th!"- u*ius (a!sa&- was na"! i%tato& fo& *if! in 23 B(. His assassination

*! to a n!w %i,i* wa& that won his aot! son- O%ta,ian4 in 56 B( th! Ro"an

S!nat! &o%*ai"! hi" AUGUSTUS #7%hos!n +' th! $os7)- h! too8 a** th! ow!&s

#%onsu* fo& *if! 9 o*iti%a* ow!& as %hi!f "inist!&: !"!&o& 9 $!n!&a*- "i*ita&'

%hi!f: Pontif!; Ma;i"us 9 hi$h &i!st- &!*i$ious *!a!&) an inau$u&at! a n!w fo&"

of $o,!&n"!nt- th! E"i&!.

Th! Ro"an E"i&! *ast! f&o" th! fi&st %!ntu&' B( to th! !st #in Asia it was th! (hin!s! E"i&!). Its %aita* $&!w to on! "i**ion

inha+itants. Its %u*tu&!- *aw- a&t an *an$ua$! a&! th! founations- th! +asis of ou&

%i,i*i/ation.

5. The Roman economy.

Th! E"i&! *i,! two %!ntu&i!s of !a%!- &os!&it' an !,!*o"!nt. Th!&! w!&!

$&!at Hisani% !"!&o&s as T&a?an an Ha&ian. As in a** an%i!nt so%i!ti!s- th!

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E(ONOMY was +as! on a$&i%u*tu&!- +ut than8s to o*iti%a* sta+i*it'- to ha,! an

in*an s!a #Ma&! Nost&u") an a $oo n!two&8 of &oas- t&a! f*ou&ish! an as a

%ons!0u!n%!- th! %&aft an th! !,!*o"!nt of th! %iti!s.

Th! ow!& an w!a*th of Ro"! a*so &!*i! on (ON@UESTS of n!w t!&&ito&i!s-

wh!&! th!' $ot "!ta*s an !s!%ia**' SLAES. Th! Ro"an !%ono"' was &os*a,!&'-

s*a,!s %a&&i! out th! +u*8 of th! wo&8 in "in!s- fa&"s- wo&8shos an hous!s.

. The crisis and the end of the Empire.

Ru*in$ an !"i&! so ,ast- in whi%h a n!ws %ou* ta8! o,!& a "onth to $!t to Ro"!-

was %o"*i%at! an n!!! a ,!&' ow!&fu* a&"'- whi%h Ro"ans ha to a'. >h!n

th!' finish! th! %on0u!sts- in th! & (!ntu&'- !%ono"i% &o+*!"s #(RISIS)

+!$an4 *!ss $ains a%%ount! fo& *!ss $o* to a' th! *!$ions- who oft!n &!+!**!. In

aition- +a&+a&ians &!ssu&! at th! +o&!&s to !nt!& a %ount&' th!' 8n!w was

,!&' &i%h. >ith f!w!& $ains- f!w!& s*a,!s: so- th! &ou%tion an t&a! !%*in!-

th! %iti!s w!&! i"o,!&ish!.

In C!st!&n Ro"an E"i&! an th! East!&n Ro"an

E"i&!- with its %aita* in B'/antiu"4 "u%h &i%h!& an "o&! ou*at!- it &!sist!

th! +a&+a&ians #BYANTINE EMPIRE). GERMAN !o*!s !n! th! >!st!&n

E"i&! in 26= AD.

2. Pre-Roman people.

Th! histo&' of th! I+!&ian P!ninsu*a in an%i!nt ti"!s %an not +! s!a&at! f&o"

th! histo&' of th! Ro"an E"i&!- whi%h was a&t of. IBERIA was th! *an of th!

I+!&ians- th! M!it!&&an!an %oast wh!&! th! $&!at &i,!& I+!&us #E+&o) f*ows- +ut

!,!ntua**' th! !nti&! !ninsu*a wi** +! %a**! +' th! Ro"ans HISPANIA #f&o" a

Pho!ni%ian wo& I SPN YA- whi%h "!ans 7*an o& %oast of &a++its7).

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Du&in$ th! fi&st "i**!nniu" B(- th! Ro"an !o*!s who inha+it! th! !ninsu*a

w!&! an !,o*ution of th! N!o*ithi% !o*! who +!n!fit! f&o" two *a&$!

s!tt*!"!nts.

On th! on! han- th! !ast %oast an south of th! !ninsu*a saw th! a&&i,a* th&ou$h

th! M!it!&&an!an of Pho!ni%ians- G&!!8s an (a&tha$inians- %o*oni/!& !o*!s

s!!8in$ "!ta*s an t&a! with th! fi&st 8nown 8in$o" of th! !ninsu*a-

TARTESSOS #$o*- si*,!& an sa*t! fish +' fa+&i%s- ?!w!**!&'- ott!&'- i&on too*s-

!t%.). Th!' i not !n!t&at! in*an- +ut foun! %oasta* an s"a** towns as Gai&

#Pho!ni%ian) o& E"o&ion #G&!!8)- th!i& !%ono"i% an %u*tu&a* inf*u!n%! was ,!&'

$&!at- %ont&i+utin$ to th! !,!*o"!nt of IBERIAN (ULTURE.

On th! oth!& han- th! %!nt!&- no&th an w!st of th! !ninsu*a *i,! (!*ts

in,asions f&o" th! ,a**!' of th! Danu+!- with th!i& "i*ita&i*' ow!&fu* i&on

w!aons. In th!s! a&!as (ELTI( (ULTURE wi** +! !,!*o!.

2.1. The Iberians.

Di,i! into iff!&!nt nations an t&i+!s #Tu&!tani- E!tani- I*!&$!ta!-

Lai!tans...)- th!' o%%ui! th! M!it!&&an!an %oast an th! ,a**!' of th!

Guaa*0ui,i&. Th!' w!&! h!a,i*' inf*u!n%! +' M!it!&&an!an %o*oni/ations- who

+&ou$ht th!" w&itin$- th! %u&&!n%'- th! ott!&s wh!!*- !t%.

Th!i& ,i**a$!s w!&! *o%at! on hi**s an w!&! wa**!. Th! hous!s w!&! &!%tan$u*a&

an $&ou! in st&!!ts- th!i& wa**s w!&! of ao+! an th! &oof of that%h.

Th!' w!&! fa&"!&s an sto%8+&!!!&s- $oo ho&s! +&!!!&s- an 8n!w i&on

"!ta**u&$'. Th!i& so%i!t' was o"inat! +' a wa&&io& a&isto%&a%' that own! th!

*an. Th!n th!&! w!&! th! "!&%hants- %&afts"!n- so*i!&s- fa&"!&s an "in!&s.

A"on$ th! *att!& two th!&! w!&! s*a,!s.

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2.5. The Celts.

Th! !o*!s of %!nt&a*- no&th!&n an w!st!&n !ninsu*a #Ga**a!%i- Astu&!s-

(anta+&i- as%on!s- a%%a!i- !tton!s- Lusitani...) +!*on$ to th! (!*ti% a&!a-

a*thou$h so"! *i8! th! (!*ti+!&i of th! I+!&ian S'st!" #A&!,a%i - Luson!s ...) w!&!

inf*u!n%! +' th! I+!&ian %u*tu&! #th!' us! th!i& a*ha+!t an ha %oins).

Th!i& ,i**a$!s- a*so wa**! an hi$h- a&! 8nown +' th! na"! of %ast&os . Th! hous!s

insi! i not fo&" st&!!ts- th!' w!&! %i&%u*a&- with wa**s of ao+! o& ston! an

that%h.

Sto%8+&!!!&s an fa&"!&s- th!' w!&! "o&! wa&*i8! than th! I+!&ians- us! i&on

w!aons- ha no w&itin$ o& %oins an woo*!n %*oth!s w!&! *in!n inst!a. Th!' w!&!

o&$ani/! into %*ans an t&i+!s o"inat! +' wa&&io&s. Th!' %&!"at! th!i& !a-

*a%in$ th!i& ash!s in u&ns with th!i& t&ouss!au #w!aons- ?!w!**!&').


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2. 5C1C B.(. No&th!&n (on0u!st +' Au$ustus- fi$htin$ ha& with Ga**a!%i-

(anta+&i an Astu&!s.

=. Roman Hispania.

Th! t!&&ito&' of Hisania was i,i! +' Ro"! in &o,in%!s- h!a! +' $o,!&no&s

#&a!to&s). Ro"! !;*oit! th! !ninsu*a as a %o*on'- !;t&a%tin$ *a&$! a"ounts of

"!ta*s #si*,!&- $o*- %o!&- i&on- "!&%u&') an a$&i%u*tu&a* &ou%ts #wh!at- oi*-

win!)- whi%h no&"a**' %a"! f&o" *a&$! fa&"s %a**! ,i**as #!stat!s) an w!&!

ha&,!st! +' han s*a,! *a+o&. S*a,!s a*so wo&8! in th! "in!s an fa%to&i!s of

%u&! #sa*t! fish). Lif! !;!%tan%' i not !;%!! '!a&s.

In th! &o%!ss of ROMANIATION- that is- aotion of Ro"an %u*tu&! +'

Hisani% !o*! #*aw- &!*i$ion- *an$ua$!- a&t- %u&&!n%'- s*a,! !%ono"')- th!' *a'! a

8!' &o*! is%ha&$! so*i!&s of th! *!$ions who !sta+*ish! in th! n!w %iti!s as

s!tt*!&s #th! stat! ai th!i& 7!nsion7 with %onfis%at! *an). Hisani%s- as th!

&!st of th! !"i&!- w!&! $i,!n Ro"an %iti/!nshi +' !"!&o& (a&a%a**a '!a& 515

AD.

Hisani% So%i!t' was o&$ani/! in th! Ro"an wa'4 th!&! w!&! f&!! !o*! an

s*a,!s #th!' w!&! not !&sons *!$a**'). F&!! !o*! %ou* +! %iti/!ns #with &i$hts to

o*iti%a* a&ti%iation) o& fo&!i$n!&s.

But th! %iti/!ns a&! i,i! +' hu$! w!a*th in!0ua*iti!s4 th! so%i!t' an th!

$o,!&n"!nt of %iti!s w!&! %ont&o**! +' a *an! a&isto%&a%' #no+i*itas)- whi%h

"i"i%8! th! o* at&i%ian foun!&s of Ro"!. Th!n th!&! w!&! th! 8ni$hts

#!0uit!s)- !i%at! to +usin!ss- t&a! an %&aft- th!' w!&! th! &i%h!st

%o""on!&s o& *!+!ians #th! !o*!). Th! &!st of th! !o*! w!&! !asants o&

u&+an wo&8!&s in th! wo&8shos.

So"! f&!! s*a,!s #f&!!"!n o& *i+!&ti) !;!&t! +' t!a%h!&s- a%%ountants-

o%to&s... >o"!n w!&! a*wa's su+?!%t to th! fath!& o& hus+an- without u+*i% *if!

outsi! th! hous!.

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Th! %iti!s- *in8! +' a $oo n!two&8 of &oas #,ia!)- w!&! th! %!nt!& of o*iti%a*-

&!*i$ious an !%ono"i% ow!& #"a&8!ts)- th!' w!&! o&$ani/! in i"itation of th!

Ro"an %a"s #$&i *an)- +oastin$ s*!ni u+*i% +ui*in$s an s!&,i%!s. Th!i&

$o,!&n"!nt was %o'in$ Ro"!4 th!i& %iti/!ns ?oin! in ass!"+*' #%o"itiu") an

!*!%t! th!i& &u*!&s #"a$ist&at!s4 A!i*!s an @u!sto&s)- +ut th!s! w!&!

%ont&o**! +' a s"a** a&*ia"!nt #S!nat!)- in th! hans of th! ow!&fu* fa"i*i!s #w!

shou* %*a&if' that +!in$ a "a$ist&at! 'ou w!&!nt ai- it was an hono& to s!&,!

'ou& %it').

oooooo

DEFINITIONS4

Stat!4 o*iti%a* o&$ani/ation of a so%i!t' #o& nation) o,!& a t!&&ito&' #o&

%ount&'). Fo& !;a"*! th! Ro"an E"i&!.

Mona&%h'4 fo&" of stat! h!a! +' a 8in$- whi%h inh!&its th! osition.

R!u+*i%4 fo&" of stat! whos! to *!a!& is %hos!n #fo& !;a"*!- in Ro"!-

th! %onsu*s).

S!nat!4 ass!"+*' that &!&!s!nts th! !o*! an that "a8!s th! *aws- as a

a&*ia"!nt.

E"i&!4 fo&" of stat! that o%%ui!s *a&$! t!&&ito&i!s an is h!a! +' an

!"!&o& #"i*ita&' *!a!&)- whi%h a%ts as an a+so*ut! "ona&%h- with ow!& to

$o,!&n- *!$is*at! an a"inist!& ?usti%!.

L!$ion4 Ro"an a&"'. At fi&st- !o*! w!&! fo&%! to ?oin th! a&"'. Aft!&- it

tu&n! &of!ssiona*. In !a%h *!$ion th! fi$htin$ "!n w!&!


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@UESTIONNAIRE ON ROME AND ITS EMPIRE

1) Paint on th! "a with fou& iff!&!nt %o*o&s th! has!s of Ro"an !;ansion.

5) So%ia* $&ous that !;ist! in Ro"!. >ho a"on$ th!" %ou* +! %iti/!ns an

what &i$hts ha th!'

) How th! E"i&! was o&$ani/! Di it 8!! &!u+*i%an institutions

2) Bio$&ahi!s of two !"!&o&s #t!n *in!s).

7

Conquista de la pennsula

Itlica (343-272 a.C.)


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h' i th! %&isis of th! thi& %!ntu&' ta8! *a%! an whi%h w!&! its

%ons!0u!n%!s

=) >hat w!&! th! iff!&!n%!s +!tw!!n th! wa's of *if! in th! %ount&'si! an

in th! %it'- how w!&! th! ho"!s an ?o+s of th!i& inha+itants

6) >hat !o*!s inha+it! th! I+!&ian P!ninsu*a to th! a&&i,a* of th! Ro"ans

>hat a&! th! iff!&!n%!s +!tw!!n I+!&ians an (!*ts

3) >hat oth!& s!tt*!"!nts w!&! !sta+*ish! in th! !ninsu*a +!fo&! th!

Ro"ans

C) Phas!s of th! Ro"an %on0u!st of Hisania. R!o&t so"! hi$h*i$hts of th!

wa&s a$ainst th! Ro"ans #Nu"an%ia- i&iato- th! (anta+&ian wa&s...).

1) On th! "a of th! !ninsu*a- aint !,!&' Ro"an &o,in%! in a %o*o&- ut th!

na"! of th! "ain Ro"an &oas an %iti!s an *o%at! so"! i"o&tant "onu"!nt.

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11) D!s%&i+! a +ui*in$- "onu"!nt o& wo&8 of Ro"an a&t.

15) How w!&! th! shows an !nt!&tain"!nt in th! Ro"an E"i&!

1) >hat w!&! th! iff!&!n%!s +!tw!!n Ro"an &!*i$ion an that on! int&ou%!

+' th! (h&istians

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1. the roman empire in hispania

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