1 the skeletal system chapter 5. 2 objectives: list and describe the major functions of the skeletal...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1
The Skeletal System
Chapter 5
![Page 2: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Objectives:
•List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system.•Describe the types of various bone tissues, their locations, and functions.•List, describe and give specific examples of the types of bones.•List and describe the two major divisions of the skeletal system and the bones which compose each.•Describe the process of bone formation.•List and describe the various types of joints.•List and describe various disorders and diseases of the skeletal system.
![Page 3: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The Skeletal System
Click on the trunk's lid and then use the red knob to pull the object from the trunk.
What would you look like if you did not have any bones? Take a minute a make a sketch of what you think you might look like. Could you stand up? Could you walk? Without bones you would be just a puddle of skin and organs on the floor.
![Page 4: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The human skeleton contains
206 bones!
![Page 5: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
3
Functions of the Skeletal System
•Support of the body•Protection of soft organs•Movement due to attached skeletal muscles•Storage of minerals and fats•Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)
![Page 6: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
4
·The skeleton has 206 bones·Two basic types of bone tissue·Compact bone·Homogeneous·Located on the outside surface·Spongy bone·Small needle-like ·pieces of bone (trabeculae)·Many open spaces
Where marrow is located
Types of Bone Tissue
Diagram on p. 118
![Page 7: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Compact Bone Spongy Bone- hard bone- surrounds spongy bone- made of osteon systems that contain blood vessels- made of osteocytes
(living bone cells)
- less dense bone- contains many holes and spaces
spongy
compact
![Page 8: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
5
Classification of Bones by Shape
•Long bones –Typically longer than wide –Have a shaft (long, central cylinder) with heads at both ends –Contain mostly compact bone
•Examples: Femur, humerus•Short bones
–Generally cube-shape –Contain mostly spongy bone
•Examples: Carpals, tarsals
![Page 9: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
6
•Flat bones –Thin and flattened –Usually curved –Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone
•Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum•Irregular bones
–Irregular shape –Usually with projections (processes) or openings (foramen) –Do not fit into other bone classification categories
•Example: Vertebrae and pelvic bones
Classification of Bones by Shape
![Page 10: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
7
Classification of Bones by Shape
Diagram on p. 117
![Page 11: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Color in the types of bonesbased on the correct classifications.
![Page 12: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
8
Microscopic Bone Anatomy
Diagram on p. 120
![Page 13: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
9
Microscopic Bone Anatomy
•Osteon (Haversian System)–A unit of bone
•Central (Haversian) canal–Opening in the center of an osteon–Carries blood vessels and nerves
•Perforating (Volkman’s) canal–Canal perpendicular to the central canal–Carries blood vessels and nerves
Diagram on p. 120
![Page 14: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
10
Microscopic Bone Anatomy
•Lacunae–Cavities containing bone cells (osteocytes)–Arranged in concentric rings
•Lamellae–Rings around the central canal–Sites of lacunae
•Canaliculi –Tiny canals–Radiate from the central canal to lacunae–Form a transport system between cells
Diagram on p. 120
![Page 15: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
11
Bone Cell Types
•Osteocytes–Mature bone cells surrounded by matrix•Osteoblasts–Bone-forming cells produce new matrix•Osteoclasts–Bone-destroying cells–Break down bone matrix for remodeling and release of calcium•Bone remodeling is a process by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts. –During your life span the your skeleton is broken down and rebuilt completely on the average of seven times!
![Page 16: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sharpey's fibersPeriosteum
Lacunae
LamellaOsteocytes Haversian/central canal
Volkmann's canal Spongy boneCompact boneBlood vessel
Osteon
Canaliculi Lamella
![Page 17: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Review! Bone ClassificationsLong Bones Flat Bones
Irregular Bones Short Bones
![Page 18: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
13
Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone
•Diaphysis–Shaft–Composed of compact bone
•Epiphysis –Ends of the bone–Composed mostly of spongy bone–Contains red marrow
•Medullary cavity–Cavity of the shaft–Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults
•Articular cartilage–Covers the external surface of the epiphyses–Made of hyaline cartilage–Decreases friction at joint surfaces
Diagram on p. 118
![Page 19: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
14
Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone
•Periosteum–Outside covering of the diaphysis–Fibrous connective tissue membrane
•Sharpey’s fibers–Secure periosteum to underlying bone
•Endosteum - Inner lining of the medullary cavity
•Arteries, veins, nerves–Found in the Haversian and Volkman canal systems within the compact bone.
Diagram on p. 118
![Page 20: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
15
Bone Development and Growth•During development, cartilage is replaced by bone (ossification)•Cartilage remains in isolated areas–Bridge of the nose–Parts of ribs–Joints •Bones are remodeled and lengthened until growth stops–Bones change shape somewhat–Bones grow in width
Diagram on p. 121
![Page 21: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
16
Bone Development and Growth
•Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of long bone during childhood–New cartilage is continuously formed–Older cartilage becomes ossified•Cartilage is broken down•Bone replaces cartilage
![Page 22: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Diaphysis
Sharpey's fibers
Bone marrow
Spongy bone
Compact boneEpiphyseal lineCartilage
EpiphysisEpiphysisSpongy bone
Compact bonePeriosteumBlood vessels
Medullary Cavity CartilageCompact bonePeriosteum
![Page 23: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
19
Divisions of the Skeleton
•The Skeleton is divided into two major regions:
a. Axial Skeleton b. Appendicular Skeleton
•Axial Skeleton - longitudinal part of the body
–Divided into three parts •Skull •Vertebral column •Bony thorax
![Page 24: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
20
•Appendicular skeleton - appendages and joints –Limbs (appendages) –Pectoral girdle (shoulder, scapula, and clavicle) –Pelvic girdle (pelvis)
Divisions of the Skeleton
![Page 25: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
21
Divisions of the Skeleton
Diagram p. 125
![Page 26: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
22
![Page 27: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Label Mr. Bones!
FibulaPatella
Cranium
Mandible
Metatarsals
Clavicle
Vertebra
Metacarpals
Radius
Scapula
Femur
Ulna
Sacrum
Humerus
Pelvic
Sternum
Ribs
Tibia
![Page 28: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
skull
clavicle
scapula
costals
humerus
radius
ulna
metacarpals
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
metatarsals
vertebra
pelvis
![Page 29: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Boneyard Bill'sBody Parts
Can you drag all the bones to their correct locations?
![Page 30: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
C L A V I C L E
FE
MU
R
VERTEB
AR
LN
A
RANIUM
IB
UL
A
HUMERUS
J W B O N E
P AT E L LA
PELVIS
P
AL
ANGES
H
AD
IU
S
I B S
L AS C U PA
SPINE
S T E R N U M
IBIA
LN
A
AB
C D
E
F
G
A
E
H
Y
T
JM
N
S
Y
S
O
O
P
E
P
L L
ES C H O O L
T
A
T
T
K
DC
T AB
E
E
E
E
ML
NN
TTS
S
B
DRAGO
N
O G
T
U
RT
L
ES
ZX
V
M
RWR
A
A
A
AAS
S
E
E
A
OO
O
S
S SA
A
A
H
M
T
N
K
I
T
EB O A
T
AB
CD
F
N
M L
O
How fast can your class find the words?
SPINE
ULNA
FIBULAFEMUR
PATELLA
CLAVICLE
RADIUS
STERNUM
TIBIAPELVISPHALANGES
JAWBONE
CRANIUM
RIBSHUMERUS
VERTEBRA
SCAPULA
BONES, BONES, BONESAs you find the bones, identify them on Steve!
![Page 31: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
23
Axial Skeleton: The Skull
•Two sets of bones –Cranium –Facial bones
•Bones are joined by sutures (fixed, non-movable joints)
•Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint
![Page 32: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
24
Axial Skeleton: The Skull
Diagram p. 126
![Page 33: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
25
Axial Skeleton: The SkullDiagram p. 129
![Page 34: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
26
Axial Skeleton: The SkullDiagram p. 127
![Page 35: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
27
Axial Skeleton: The Skull•Paranasal sinuses: Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity –Functions •Lighten the skull •Give resonance and amplification to voice
Diagram p. 128
![Page 36: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Parietal bone
Temporal bone Occipital bone
Frontal bone
MandibleSphenoid bone
Lacrimal boneEthmoid boneNasal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla Suture
Suture Suture
Auditory meatus
Styloid process
Mastoid process
Mandibular ramusMental foramen
![Page 37: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Suture
Frontal bone
Parietal boneTemporal bone
Sphenoid bone
Nasal bone
MaxillaMandible VomerLacrimal bone Ethmoid bone
Zygomatic boneInferior nasal concha
Alveolar margins
Optic canal
Middle nasal concha
Practice Makes Perfect!
![Page 38: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
30
Axial Skeleton: Hyoid Bone
·The only bone that does not articulate with another bone·Serves as a moveable base for the tongue
Figure 5.12
Diagram p. 130
![Page 39: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
31
Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column
·Vertebrae are separated by intervertebral discs composed of fibrocartilage·The spine has a normal curvature·Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location
Diagram p. 131
![Page 40: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
32
Axial Skeleton: Vertebral Column
Diagram p. 133
![Page 41: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacrum Coccyx C1 Atlas
C2 Axis
![Page 42: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
36
Appendicular Skeleton: Pectoral Girdle
•Composed of two bones –Clavicle – collarbone –Scapula – shoulder blade•These bones allow the upper limb to have
exceptionally free movement
![Page 43: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
37
Appendicular Skeleton: Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder)
Diagram p. 139
![Page 44: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
38
Appendicular Skeleton: Brachium Region
·The arm is formed by a single bone·Humerus
Diagram p. 140
![Page 45: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
39
Appendicular Skeleton: Antebrachium Region
•The forearm has two bones •Ulna (side adjacent to little finger) •Radius (side adjacent to thumb)
Diagram p. 140
![Page 46: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
40
Appendicular Skeleton: Carpus, Manus, and Digits Region
·The hand ·Carpals – wrist
·Metacarpals – palm ·Phalanges – fingers
Diagram p. 141
![Page 47: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
41
Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic Girdle
•Hip bones•Composed of three pair of fused bones
–Ilium –Ischium –Pubic bone•The total weight of the upper body rests on the
pelvis•Protects several organs
–Reproductive organs –Urinary bladder –Part of the large intestine
![Page 48: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
42
Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic Girdle
The sacrum and coccyx are part of the axial skeleton not appendicular skeleton.
Diagram p. 142
![Page 49: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
43
Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic GirdleCoxal Bone Structure
Diagram p. 142
![Page 50: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
44
Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic GirdleMale and Female Pelvis Comparison
Diagram p. 142
![Page 51: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
45
Appendicular Skeleton: Femoral Region
·The thigh has one bone·Femur – thigh bone
Diagram p. 144
![Page 52: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
46
Appendicular Skeleton: Patellar and Crural Regions
·The leg has two bones·Tibia·Fibula
Diagram p. 144
![Page 53: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
47
Appendicular Skeleton: Tarsal, Pes, and Digits Regions
·The foot·Tarsus – ankle·Metatarsals – sole·Phalanges – toes
Diagram p. 145
![Page 54: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Word Sort! Arrange the words into categories!
Compact
Spongy
Lacunae
Lamella Osteoclast
Osteoblast
Central canal
Volkmann's canal
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
MarrowHumerus
Cartilage Ossification
Femur
Phalanges
Costals
Scapula
Vertebra
Pelvis
CarpalsSternum
Patella
Cranium
Mandible
Suture
Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone
Ethmoid bone
Maxilla
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Sphenoid bone
Temporal bone
Frontal bone
Lumbar
Cervical
![Page 55: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
49
Articulations: Joints•A joint is a location where two or more bones
meet.•Functions of joints
–Hold bones together –Allow for mobility
![Page 56: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
50
Types of Joints
•Ways joints are classified structurally: –Fibrous joints •Generally immovable (sutures of skull) –Cartilaginous joints •Immovable or slightly moveable (vertebral disc) –Synovial joints •Freely moveable (shoulder, pelvis, knee, elbow, digits) •Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity •Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity
•Ways joints are classified functionally: •Synarthroses – immovable
•Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable •Diarthroses – freely moveable
![Page 58: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
51
Anatomy of Synovial Joints
•Articular cartilage – (hyaline) covers ends of bones•Fibrous articular capsule – enclose joint surfaces; lined with synovial membrane •Joint cavity – cavity between bones of a joint containing a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid•Ligaments – reinforce the joint
![Page 59: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
52
Structure of a Synovial Joint
Figure 5.28
Diagram p. 149
![Page 60: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
53
Type of Synovial Joints
Diagram p. 151
![Page 61: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
54
Types of Synovial Joints
Diagram p. 151
![Page 62: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
HingePivotGliding
Identify the type of joint in the diagrams.
Ball and Socket
![Page 63: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Ball and Socket
Gliding
Hinge & Pivot
What joint(s) is she using?
![Page 64: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
55
Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System
•A fracture is a break in a bone•Types of bone fractures
–Closed (simple) fracture – break that does not penetrate the skin –Open (compound) fracture – broken bone penetrates through the skin•Bone fractures are treated by reduction and
immobilization –Realignment of the bone
![Page 65: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
56
•Open reduction – surgery is needed to secure the bones together with pins or wires. •Closed reduction – bone ends coaxed back into position by physician
Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System
![Page 66: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
57
Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System Diagram p. 123
![Page 67: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
ComminutedFracture radius
CompoundFracture tibia and fibula
SimpleSpiral fibula
SimpleGreenstick
radius
58
Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System: Fractures
Identify the fractures.
X - Ray NQ
![Page 68: 1 The Skeletal System Chapter 5. 2 Objectives: List and describe the major functions of the skeletal system. Describe the types of various bone tissues,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e0c5503460f94af50c2/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
59
Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System
•Osteoporosis: afflicts both men and women but most common in post menopausal women–Bone tissue becomes brittle and breaks easily with little applied stress–Cause - loss of calcium from bone matrix