1 tom acker associate professor mechanical engineering the wrap tribal renewables report and the...
TRANSCRIPT
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Tom AckerAssociate Professor
Mechanical Engineering
The WRAP Tribal Renewables Reportand
The WRAP Tribal Efficiency Report
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Outline
NAU Team Chronology of tribal
reports Tribal Renewables
Report Tribal Efficiency
Report The Next Steps
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NAU Team:• Tom Acker, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering
• Bill Auberle, Professor, Civil and Environmental Engineering
• Earl Duque, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering• John Eastwood, Lecturer, Economics
• William Jeffery, Environmental Attorney
• David LaRoche, Program Director, Center for Sustainable Environments,
also, U.S. EPA – Clean Air Act in Indian country
• Virgil Masayesva, Director, Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals
• Amanda Ormond, Principal, The Ormond Group
• Dean Smith, Assoc Professor, Economics and Applied Indigenous Studies
Oversight: WRAP AP2 ForumTribal Interests Working
Group
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The Tribal Reports: Chronology
Tribal Renewables Report– December 2000 Initiated– May 2001: Draft– April 2002: Final Draft (Under
Review) Tribal Efficiency Report
– September 2001 Initiated– June 2002 Preliminary Draft– August 2002 Draft
ICF Modeling of Impacts– IPM, REMI; ICF visit November 2001
Overall Summary Report– AP2 State & Tribal: Tellus; July 2002
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Tribal Renewables Report Motivation for
Renewable Energy (RE) development
Recommendations to tribal leaders
Resource for tribal staff
Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Biomass, Low-impact Hydro
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Assessment of Tribal Energy Issues– ITEP Assessment: 14 tribes– NAREEP Survey: 27 tribes
Extensive Literature Survey– Tribal economic development,
energy, opportunities, barriers Formulation of Potential
Actions & Recommendations Draft Report
– Policy and program recommendations
– Public review; 17 solicited reviews
Yurok Tribe, CA
Off-grid PV installation
Study Methodology
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Important Findings Lack of energy infrastructure
– Organizational– Physical
Great interest in RE and Energy Efficiency (EE)
RE development Economic development New electrification Energy independence, tribal sovereignty Cultural preservation State Actions less applicable
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Two Classifications of Recommendations
Options for Individual Tribal Implementation
Options for Collaborative Implementation
RE Recommendations
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Develop a tribal energy policy Establish an energy authority Establish an independent tribal
Economic Development Corporation
Initiate energy training and education programs
Expedite the permitting process for RE
Develop a TIP that includes RE Develop RE resources to
improve electric service and for economic development
Options for Individual Tribal Implementation
Navajo-Hopi Solar Photovoltaic
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Develop inter-tribal energy collaborations
Create partnerships with independent power producers
Require federal facilities on tribal lands use some RE
Request funding of existing statutes Expand federal “Buy Indian” program Support federal RPS and tax credits Equivalent “tax credits” Tribal SO2 emissions credits Explore state-tribal agreements
Options for Collaborative Implementation
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WRAP/RHR Background Baseline Information
– What counts as RE– RE info in a TIP
Tribal Energy Issues and Perspectives– RE Projects on NA Lands– Tribal Energy
Perspectives– Analysis of Tribal RE
Development
Potential and Recommended Actions
Appendices– RHR Fact Sheet– RE Systems and
Resources– RE Resource Maps– Information Sources– WRAP Tribes
Report Content
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Abundance of Wind – 60 reservations Class
5ICF modeling highest
penetration of RE is wind
Solar – most tribes with a developable resource
Biomass – majority of tribes with a developable resource
Geothermal – about 20 reservations with a resource
Resource Tables
Opportunities for RE
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The Tribal Efficiency Report
Motivation for Energy Efficiency (EE)
Recommendations to tribal leaders
Resource for tribal staff EE – maximizing the efficient
utilization of energy while minimizing the costs Flathead Reservation, MT
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Build on Tribal RE research
EE literature survey Case Studies:
- Pasqua Yaqui in So. Arizona
- Yurok tribe in No. California
- Confederated Salish and Kootenai tribes in Montana
Formulation of Potential Actions & Recommendations
Draft Report
Yurok Tribe, CA
Off-grid PV installation
Study Methodology
Ke’pel Headstart facility on the Yurok reservation
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Important Findings Lack of energy infrastructure
– Needed to implement EE program Great opportunity for EE
– Numerous older buildings– Significant growth in electrical load expected
EE can free significant financial resources for other uses
State EE measures many are applicable
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Three Classifications of Recommendations
Tribal Sponsored Programs
Collaborative Program Improvements in Tribal Energy Conservation
Tribal Leadership Beyond Tribal Lands
Recommendations
Mission Valley Power on the Flathead Reservation
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Adopt a Tribal Energy Plan Establish a Tribal Energy
Authority Hire an Energy Manager
Adopt Energy Efficient Building Codes
Initiate education programs Create a TIP that includes EE
Tribal Sponsored Programs
NAU Students Tehachapi, CA
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Collaborative Programs- Inter-tribal collaborations- Require federal facilities
employ EE- Participate in federal
programs Weatherization Assistance
Program DOE Rebuild America
Tribal Leadership- Support Demand Side
Management (DSM) progrmas- Support national EE standards
Recommendations - continued
1997 Residential Electric Consumption by End-Use
Space Heating14%
Water Heating11%
Air Conditioning
6%
Appliances (including
refrigetators and lighting)
69%
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WRAP/RHR Background Baseline Information
– What is EE?– Benefits and economic
analysis– Implementation of EE
Case Study Results Potential EE programs Recommended Actions Appendices
Report ContentAlaska 0.344Arizona 1.524California 0.000Colorado 4.352Idaho 0.000Montana 1.080New Mexico 3.438North Dakota 9.866Oregon 0.494South Dakota 4.358Utah 1.522Washington 1.246Wyoming 3.896
Mean 2.471Standard Deviation 2.748
Sulfur Dioxide (lbs/MWh)
End- Present Valueof- of Cash Flow
Year Cash Flow at 5% RoR Comment0 -$1,000 -$1,000 Initial investment1 $250 $238 $250 annual cost savings2 $250 $2273 $250 $2164 $250 $2065 $250 $196
$82 = NPV = Sum of present values
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Easily obtainable:- 10% savings in
electricity costs Possibly obtainable:
- 50% savings in electricity costs
Opportunity for EE
1997 data on energy consumption and expenditure for major energy sources in Indian households (EIA 2000)
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The Next Steps… Seek funding for tribal energy staff Establish/develop tribal energy
programs RE and EE training programs RE and EE Workshops and conferences
with focus on tribal issues Tribal participation in federal and state
legislative or regulatory processes pertaining to RE and EE
Others…
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Questions?
From 2002 Wind Powering America Calendar
Photo Credit: Lloyd Herziger, Enron Wind/PIX10653 NREL Photo Library
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NREL Resource Maps-Created for each WRAP State
-Tribal Boundaries, Transmission Lines
-Wind,Biomass, Solar PV, Concentrating Solar, Geothermal
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Resource Tables
- Developed from resource maps
- One table for each state in the WRAP region
Tribe Wind Class Solar PV Solar Conc Biomass Geothermal TransmissionAcoma 0,2 5.0-7.0 6.0-8.5 40,000+ 0 0Alamo Navajo 2 6.0-7.0 6.0-7.0 0-5,000 0 0Cochiti 2,3 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 345,115kVCononcito 0 5.0-7.0 6.0-8.5 40,000+ 0 115kVIsleta 0 5.0-7.0 7.0-8.5 40,000+ 1 345,115kVJemez 0,2,6 5.0-7.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 1 115kVJicaarillia Apache 0,6 5.0-6.0 6-8.5 0-5,000 0 345,115kVLaguna 0,2 5.0-7.0 6.0-8.5 40,000+ 0 230,115kVMescalero 6 5.0-7.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 115kVNambe 6 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 0Navajo 0,2,5 5.0-7.0 6-8.5 5-40,000 0 500,345,230kVPicuris 2 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 0-5,000 0 0Pojoaque 3 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 0Ramah Navajo 2 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 0-5,000 0 0San Felipe 0,2 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 345,115kVSan Ildefonso 3 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 0San Juan 2 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 0-5,000 0 115kVSandia 0 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 40,000+ 0 230,115kVSanta Ana 0,2 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 0Santa Clara 6 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 115kVSanto Domingo 3,6 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 345,115kVTaos 2,6 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 0-5,000 0 345,115kVTesuque 6 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 0Ute Mt. 0 5.0-6.0 5-6.0 5-40,000 0 345,230kVZia 0 5.0-7.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 345,115kVZuni 0,2 5.0-6.0 6.0-7.0 5-40,000 0 345kV
New Mexico tribal lands and renewable energy resources
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Specific EE MeasuresSector Measure Cost Maintenance Ease of
Implementation Energy saving
potential Residential Lighting retrofit with CFL bulbs Low Low Easy Low New Construction CFL Fixtures (Indoors &
Outdoors) Low Low Moderate Low
Heating and Cooling – New and Replacement Evaporative Cooling
Moderate Moderate Easy High
Heating and Cooling-Duct Testing and Sealing High Low Difficult High Heating and Cooling Service and repair Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Purchase energy star equipment (clothes
washers, etc.) Low Low Easy Moderate
Purchase efficient equipment (high SEER CAC, heat pumps and AC window units)
Moderate Low Easy Moderate
Retire old refrigerators Moderate Low Easy Moderate Weatherization-style program High Low Difficult High Shading and Landscaping Low Moderate Moderate Low Commercial/ Institutional Purchasing high efficiency gas boilers space
heat Moderate Moderate Easy Moderate
Gas boiler fuel switching High Moderate Moderate Low Install LED exit signs Low Low Easy Low Install LED traffic signals Low Low Easy Low Fluorescent lighting Moderate Low Easy High Heating and cooling, low cost measures Low Moderate Moderate Moderate Heating and cooling, high cost measures High Moderate Moderate Moderate
Ground-source heat pump High Moderate Difficult High
Sectors: residential, commercial/institutional, industrial, policy Developed from programs recommended for states.
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WRAP Region
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WRAP MembershipTribal*Pueblo of AcomaCampo Band of Kumeyaay IndiansCortina Indian RancheriaHopi TribeHualapai Nation of the
Grand CanyonNez Perce TribeNorthern Cheyenne TribeConfederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes Pueblo of San FelipeShoshone-Bannock Tribes of Fort Hall
StateAlaskaArizonaCaliforniaColoradoIdahoMontanaNew MexicoNorth DakotaOregonSouth DakotaUtahWashingtonWyoming
FederalU.S. Dept. of AgricultureU.S. Dept. of InteriorU.S. EPA
Staffed by:Western Governor’s
AssociationNational Tribal Environmental Council
* There are 237 Tribes in the WRAP region