1 “user” a person who “uses” the as/400 you are all “users” each with an unique userid a...
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“User”
• A person who “uses” the AS/400
• You are all “Users” each with an unique Userid
• A Userid identifies you to the system when you signon or run a job
• Each Userid has a User Profile which describes the user attributes, one of which is authorities.
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User Profile (*USRPRF) and Object Authorities
-The user profile is an object that defines system access for the user: what objects can be accessed, what libraries can be used, what authorities are assigned, and what special groups the user belongs.
DSPUSRPRF (F4 , F1)
The Current library is where any new objects that the user create reside by default.
User classes: *SECOFR *SECADM *PGMR *SYSOPR *USER Each user profile class has special default authorities based on the security level.
Each object has authorities attached to the object. *ALL *CHANGE *USE *EXCLUDE
A group profile (*GRPPRF) is similar to a user's profile except it gives the same set of authorities to multiple users.
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“Subsystem”
• Each (there are many) has been allocated a share of the total resources available in the system based on requirements.
• A Job runs in a specific subsystem.• A subsystem is where the system brings together the resources
needed to process work of LIKE type. Enable better performance tuning.
• Described / defined in subsystem descriptions. (*SBSD). • Most are started at IPL time.
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System vs Subsystems
• Access the WoRK with ACTive JOB Command to see the difference
• System is the entire AS/400
• Sub-System is a logical grouping of system resources designed to process jobs with similar requirements and demands on the resources.
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“Jobs and subsystems”
• Each Job runs in a specific subsystem based on type.
• A subsystem is where the system brings together and prioritizes the resources needed to process work of LIKE type to optimize performance.
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Consists of a set /group of related (one or many) programs
Receives all of its attributes from one or all
System values, User profile, a job description, inheritance such as name, library list, datefmt, queue,
output - run priorities,message logging level, printer.
We use the QDFTJOBD (IBM supplied) as a default job description here at Seneca.
CommandsDSPJOB, WRKJOB, CHGJOB
related commands CRTJOBD, WRKJOBD, CHGJOBD
A JOB
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JOBS - HOW INVOKED?
• Signing on and starting an interactive session
• Called by another JOB. (spawned)
• Automatic system function
• SCHEDULED once or repetitively
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Job Inheritance
• Attributes / properties are passed on from the initiating / spawning job
• The initial Job (starting session) inherits attributes from other sources such as System values, values from a user profile and from a job description are retrieved.
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JOB TYPES
Batch typically a series of programs to be executed consecutivelyBack up , Month end
SBMJOB CMD(CALL PGM(ARPOST) PARM(DB400A01))
Interactive on line real time processing - a dialogue between users and programs
CALL PGM(ARPOST) PARM(DB400A01))
Spooled can be input or output - retrieved or send to queuesWRKSPLF
Communication - started by a request from a remote system to initialize a program and allocate resources
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the best known are
• Interactive jobs run in subsystem QINTER
• Batch jobs run in subsystem QBATCH
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INTERACTIVE (USER)
High run time priority on job queue (20)
QUICK response
Low resource requirement (memory – disk)
Some Types of jobs
BATCH
NO interactivity (only messaging)
Low run time priority on job queue (50)
High resource requirement (memory – disk – media)
CLI – Command line interface Batch, Daemons, cron
In UNIX
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“Interactive Jobs”also called sessions
• it begins when a user signs on to the system and ends when they sign off.
• Has interaction between the user and the AS/400, similar to a conversation
(a polite conversation!).
• Input entered via the work station.
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“Batch Jobs”
• Runs in the background.
• No interactive input from the screen, receives data from files or data communication.
• Generally uses a lot of resources.
• Submitted / initiated by ANY job e.g. a program compile
• Communicate with the system through messaging.
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Queues
• A queue is a line-up! A place where things wait.• Examples of AS/400 queues:
– job queues: where batch jobs wait– message queues: where messages wait– output queues: where spool files wait to print
• Controlled by– Run time priority– Position in Stack– Etc
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CL - Control Language
Used from the command line - interactively
or
in CL programs (Scripting in UNIX) which can be called from
- the command line
- A Command directly
- From within other programs in either batch or interactive mode
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“Objects”
• anything on the AS/400 that has a name and takes up space in storage and is not of a temporary nature and has action”
• on Unix/Windows, everything is a file• on AS/400, everything is an object• on Windows, files have extensions (.txt)• on AS/400 objects are of TYPE and subtype• Common object types include:
– libraries, files, job queues, programs
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*ALL *CTLD *AUTL *DEVD *DOC *DTAARA *CMD *DTAQ *FILE *LIND *MENU *MSGQ *JOBQ *LIB *OUTQ *QRYDFN *SBSD *PGM *USRPRF
Some OBJECT type identifiers are (special values)
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Data Storage Hierarchy
Library
Files
Members contain data
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“Libraries”
• Library: an object whose purpose is to ‘store’ and index other objects. ie. objects are ‘stored’ in libraries.
• Exactly like a directory in Unix/Windows however you do not have libraries within libraries on the AS/400 (one exception).
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Files - type *FILE
• Are objects that store data
subtypes / attribute• PF-DTA DATA file
ie. customer file: customer #, address,billing info etc. for each customer
• PF-SRC SOURCE file special file that stores a programmer’s source code (scripts)
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File Members
• Source files have many ‘members’
• one member for each source (script) program
• PDM (Prog Dev Mgr) gives easy access to a programmer’s stuff (libs/files/mbrs)
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Library Liststype *LIBL
• A list of Libraries, in order of importance
• Similar to the DOS ‘Path’ concept
• Each Job has it’s own library list(Can be inherited)
• It determines where a Job finds Objects when SIMPLE naming is used
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Library Lists cont’d
• A Library List consists of 4 parts:– System Libraries (up to 15)– Product Libraries (none, 1 or 2)– Current Library(1 only)– User Library ( remaining)
Your library list can have up to 250 entries
• To view your library list - DSPLIBL
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Object storage in daily life
Public Library*Secretary desk (0-many) 1 : NN (root level)*Check out counter (0-many)*Reading corner (0-many)*Magazine stand (0-many)……(many other object types)…....*Shelves (0-many) 1 : NN
*DVD’s (0-many)*Audio tapes (0-many)*VHS tapes (0-many)……(many other types except Shelves) …....*Books (0-many) 1 : NN
Book1Chapter 1(1-many)……..
Book2 Chapter 1 ……(more maybe!)…….
*Shelves
NO
OTHER
LEVELS
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AS/400 STORAGE HIERARCHY
QSYS *USRPRF (0-many) 1 : NN (root level)
*DEVD (0-many)*LIND (0-many)*CTLD (0-many)……(many other types)…....
*LIB (0-many) 1 : NN
*PGM (0-many)*OUTQ (0-many)*MSGF (0-many)……(many other types except libraries ) …....*FILE (0-many) 1 : NN
MEMBER1 (1-many)MEMBER2……(more)…….
*FILE
*LIB
NO
OTHER
LEVELS
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. QSYS (root level) . *LIB *USRPRF *DEVD *LIND etc etc etc …(many other types)…
(0-many. Of each object type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . )
. Library level .
*PGM *OUTQ *MSGF *FILE ……(many other types except libraries ) …....
(0-many) (0-many)
File level
NO OTHER LEVELS! !
AS/400 STORAGE HIERARCHY
MBR1 , MBR2 , …..1-many
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Commonly Used Function Keys
• F1 = Help• F2 = Extended Help• F3 = Exit command
completely• F4 = Prompt• F5 = Refresh
Screen
• F9 = Retrieve Previous Command
• F12 = Cancel current level and return to previous level in command
• F23 = more options• F24 = more functions
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Using ‘ * ‘ On the AS/400
• As a special value when used leading a parameter value.Eg. *all, *libl, *curlib
• As a wild card when used as a trailer in a parameter value.– like in DOS e.g. WRKUSRPRF DC234F*
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Using F4 and ?
• The ? is used the same way F4 is.
• Entered into a command field, it gives you the possible values for the field.
• Entered before a command, puts you in prompt mode for that command.
Eg. ?CRTLIB
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STORAGE HIERARGY
• Library: an object whose purpose is to ‘store’ and index other objects. ie. objects are ‘stored’ in libraries.
• Files: objects that store data
• Members: Source files have many ‘members’
each source program = one memberData Files: most common 1 member
only exception multiple members (multi territory, multi company)
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Hierarchy of Storing Objects
• When an object is created, it is stored in the library specified.
• If no library is specified, it is stored in *CURLIB (current library).
• If there is no current library, it is stored in QGPL library.
• Exception: Libraries, Device Descriptions and User Profiles are always stored in library QSYS.
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How the AS/400 finds Objects
• When an object is created, it is created ‘in’ a particular library.
• To access an object, the AS/400 needs to know what library the object is in.
• You can prompt (CL) Commands for required parameters such as object name and library name.
• *LIBL is the default entry for a library parameter name request
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Qualified Name vs SIMPLE Name
• If you specify an object name and library, it is called a qualified name) e.g. Call OPS400LIB/PGM01
• if you just use the object name, it is called a simple name. The *LIBL is used to find the object .e.g. Call PGM01
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Searching for an object
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ADDPFM FILE(BBBBB/AAAA) MBR(CCCCC) TEXT('SAMPLE COMMAND')
Keyword v.s. Positional Notation
ADDPFM BBBBB/AAAA CCCCC 'SAMPLE COMMAND' WRKUSRJOB *ALL *ACTIVE *INTERACT
WRKUSRJOB USER(*ALL) STATUS(*ACTIVE) JOBTYPE(*INTERACT)
WRKUSRJOB JOBTYPE(*INTERACT) STATUS(*ACTIVE) USER(*ALL)
KEYWORD NOTATION - any order- no space separation between keyword and bracket
POSITIONAL NOTATION- parameters must be entered in the exact order of the command syntax- limit to maximum number of parameters entered
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ADDPFM FILE(BBBBB/AAAA) MBR(CCCCC) TEXT('SAMPLE COMMAND')
Keyword v.s. Positional Notation
ADDPFM BBBBB/AAAA CCCCC 'SAMPLE COMMAND' WRKUSRJOB *ALL *ACTIVE *INTERACT
WRKUSRJOB USER(*ALL) STATUS(*ACTIVE) JOBTYPE(*INTERACT)
WRKUSRJOB JOBTYPE(*INTERACT) STATUS(*ACTIVE) USER(*ALL)
KEYWORD NOTATION - any order- no space separation between keyword and bracket
POSITIONAL NOTATION- parameters must be entered in the exact order of the command syntax- limit to maximum number of parameters entered