10 dna by dr altaf langrial final - iri.aiou.edu.pk fileindividual's dna-called also dna...

26
(Genetic Fingerprint) Š z § ] . h + ~ 7 4 5 4 5 ë E G E G H ¢ 5 ¾ æ E E Y 6 , . $ Å ã C Š 6 , Z s ò » × ] Å c * Z ® s @ 6 c * w ** · , œ ~ ~ ? y Z y ~ ¹ Ï 5 Š g c * © ƒ N Ô Z y ~ Ð Z q - Z ë Š g c * Ä z g Z ( Å Ù | # T Æ ! * ¯ ) 0 Z y Z k . Þ ƒ ñ Ř z { Z ĩ Û Z Š Å z g Z ( S : ] » ! * ¯ ) DNA â Š } W z Z á 8 2 . ç E G E E Å Ù | # à Z z g Z k § b Ð Y 0 + Z g z V Æ Ÿ ~ | ƒ ñ Z C à e à T y Z Ð Z ¨ K ã } . # Ö ~ Z E w à X C Ù Š g c * Ä Å § b Z k Š g c * Ä ä Ì c I ƒ Æ ¹ Ð y Z y Å w Š b Z z g Z s x Æ ¬ © Z z g » ð ¸ Z 2 Å g z Ý ~ Z k Æ Z : t » Î Z w Ì a Z ƒ Z X DNA Profiling, DNA Testing, Ô Z ~ ] Ö f Û è ] Ö ç ] $ n è b » t y Z y ² ! ~ Forinsic B @ * ì X Z k Æ f g ) Ð E Ä » ð ) DNA Typing, Genetic Fingerprinting (1 Æ f g ) Å Y C ì X ) DNA ( ~ Z ĩ Û Z Š Å Ù | # Z y Æ Sciences Sir Jefferey's Alec ~ 1984 à DNA Profiling Technique ƒ Ð ¬ Z Ö ~ g s Z c * Z z g Z [ Z k Å ã C Š 6 , ¹ Ð ˜ ´ ä ¸ ò e ð University of Leicester ä Base Æ ¿ ~ e ~ Z + Z } ~ ! * g ! * g Š C Ù Z ñ Y ä z Z á ] Ö f Û è ] Ö ç ] $ n ä (2 ä » g g Ç X ) » _ · H Y @ * ì ł Ř Z q - Z 0 + Z i ~ ! * g ! * g Z q - Y 0 + Z g ~ Š C Ù Z ñ Y D Ô Z z g t Š C Ù Z ñ Pairs  L Ì ò 7 @ * p T Š g Š C Ù Z ñ Y ä » ¿ 100 Y ä z Z à ® Z Š " Z Z ƒ C ì t variable number tandem Z y ~ i c * Š { ò } Ç Z Ú Z k Å g ¸ Š Z g ~ Œ Û R U * " $ ƒ Ï X g ¸ Š Z g z V ~ i c * Š { Œ Û R ƒ D Z z g ł g ¸ Š Z g : ƒ V Z y Ð ¹ loci Æ repeats (VNTRs) (3 i c * Š { Z ƒ D X ) 7 8 1 e Z ] , I · z 5 Ó & Z k 6 , z W Ô % E x Z s ð Ô Z s ð - E g ; · z w 7 g Ô 0 * Î y * ¼ Z g % E x Z s ð Ô Í g ¯ p Z z ĩ Û h + 7 ¤ / Ń f $ » Ò g ° c * g { y Ô 0 * Î y **

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Page 1: 10 DNA BY DR ALTAF LANGRIAL FINAL - iri.aiou.edu.pk fileindividual's DNA-called also DNA typing, genetic fingerprinting.(7) Base Æ}Z + Z ~e ÆŠZÛZaÆ(œ£ð,) ì2+Z q-Zt + Z~eÔ

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* Z®s@6c*w** ·›

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ZKã}.#Ö~ZEw™ÃXCÙŠgc*ÄŧbZkŠgc*ÄäÌcIƒÆ¹ÐyZyÅwŠbZzgZsxƬ©Zzg»ð¸Z2ÅgzÝ~ZkÆZ:t»ÎZwÌaZƒZX

DNA Profiling, DNA Testing, ÔZ‹~ ]Öf’Ûè]Öç…]$nè ‚b»tyZy²!~Forinsic B@*ìXZkÆfg)ÐEÄ»ð) DNA Typing, Genetic Fingerprinting

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Page 2: 10 DNA BY DR ALTAF LANGRIAL FINAL - iri.aiou.edu.pk fileindividual's DNA-called also DNA typing, genetic fingerprinting.(7) Base Æ}Z + Z ~e ÆŠZÛZaÆ(œ£ð,) ì2+Z q-Zt + Z~eÔ

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Page 3: 10 DNA BY DR ALTAF LANGRIAL FINAL - iri.aiou.edu.pk fileindividual's DNA-called also DNA typing, genetic fingerprinting.(7) Base Æ}Z + Z ~e ÆŠZÛZaÆ(œ£ð,) ì2+Z q-Zt + Z~eÔ

individual's DNA-called also DNA typing, genetic fingerprinting.(7)

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Page 4: 10 DNA BY DR ALTAF LANGRIAL FINAL - iri.aiou.edu.pk fileindividual's DNA-called also DNA typing, genetic fingerprinting.(7) Base Æ}Z + Z ~e ÆŠZÛZaÆ(œ£ð,) ì2+Z q-Zt + Z~eÔ

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( 31 ¢aJ-ƒCìX) 3Ð2 Z}ÆâÅ5½3ð GGwÅMð

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(1) John Dempsey, Linda Forst , An Introduction to Policing, Cengage

Learning., 2010, p469

(2) Diana M. Concannon, Kidnapping: An Investigator's Guide, Newnes Ltd.

London. 2nd Edition, 2013, p150.

(3) William Goodwin, Adrian Linacre, Sibte Hadi, , An Introduction to

Forensic Genetics, John Wiley & Sons, 2007, p 12

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(8) http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/DNA_fingerprinting.aspx (19-12-2014)

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Principles and Practice, Elsevier Corporation 2006, Ch 05, Genetic Basis

of Cancer, PP 74.

(12) Peter S. Harper, Landmarks in Medical Genetics: Classic Papers with

Commentaries, Oxford University Press, 2004, Part4 Human Gene

Mapping, P 144

(13) Chris R. Calladine, Horace Drew, Understanding DNA: The Molecule and

How it Work, Academic Press, 3rd Edition 2004, P105.

(14) Rajesh Bardale, Principles of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, JP

Medical Ltd. New Delhi, India, Edition1, 2011, P116

(15) James Norman Spuhler, Genetic diversity and human behavior,

Transaction Publishers, 2009, P54

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(17) Edited by U S Congress , Congressional Record, V. 149, PT. 1, January

7, 2003 to January 17, 2003. Proceedings and debates of 108th

congress, session 1 , p 499

(18) ht tp : / /www.ea jaz.o rg / index .p hp /component / con tent /a r t i c le /

67-Issue-No/553-Islami c-vision-of-some-contemporary-medical-

problems (18-12-2014)

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(22) (17-12-2014)

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01:250 AM)

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