10 PROVES OF THE SEGREGATION IN THE USA DURING THE 19TH CENTURY

In the decades of the 50s and 60s in the USA, white and black people received the same services but each race in different installations and quality, without any mix between them.

After the victory of the north in the civil war and the abolition of the slavery, black rights kept protected in the constitution of the USA, creating an harmonic relationship between white and black people in the country. The states of the south implanted a serie of laws of segregation that did not involve any decrease of rights, if not simply the application in separated of the law. For this reason, blacks and whites came in for different doors in school or even in the swimming pool, or they drank water from different taps1. But all of them could have water, education and fun.

In the states of the north the segregation was not very evident related to the daily life but it was known in issues like work or housing.

In theory any law forbid black people to buy a house in the center of a city or to work in Manhattan but the reality was that one sold a house to a black in this area or even hired them for a job.

Northern blacks crowded into ghettos where crime grew, becoming a much more complex social problem in the south.

In the fifties and sixties in the United States thanks to the work of Martin Luther King and other activists of social rights, the problem of the segregation began to change.

Blacks occupied the back seat on the bus: On December 1, 1955 Dressmaker Rosa Parks became an icon of the struggle for civil rights by refusing to give up her seat to a white man in Montgomery, in the State of Alabama. Thus would begin a boycott of the bus company led by Martin Luther King, a Baptist pastor who would become known worldwide after this season.

There were public toilets, waiting platform, entrance to the pool and fountains for blacks only. Most utilities in the southern states had the embarrassing poster of ' colored' when blacks were unfit.

Martial Law for blacks. In some cities in the south, to avoid conflicts night between blacks and whites, a kind of martial law requiring blacks to be home at ten in the evening. This interracial fights or incidents were avoided.

Territorial segregation. In large northern industrial cities like Chicago, Detroit and New York, blacks crowded into neighborhoods like Harlem. Also, as a matter of image, no owner sold their house to a black in the fifties or sixties in one of the most exclusive neighborhoods of these cities.

Hospitals for black and white: In 1937, in Chattanooga, in the state of Tennessee , the most famous singer of his time blues , Bessie Smith, died after a traffic accident . Around her the story was that had been rejected in three hospitals white and in the way to other hospital she bled and died in the ambulance.1 Taps/grifos

In general , blacks had less education than whites and therefore occupy less skilled jobs , but while in the south have had access to jobs craftsmen ( tailors , blacksmiths, carpenters ... ) and achieve a degree of economic stability - despite societal discrimination - in the north were cheap labor in factories or they occupied the bottom rung of the service sector (cleaning, elevator operators ... )

Blacks did not vote. The first black suffrage in America dates back to 1965, with Lyndon B. Johnson as president. Until then , some states were still Jim Crow Laws (1876 ) in which the colored vote refused to impose certain requirements such as having properties to read or pay a special tax issues that black people did not meet a rule .

Black schools. In May 1954 the Supreme Court outlawed racial segregation in schools in the United States to understand that education remains an essential right, segregation generated an unacceptable inequality. However, in 1957, Elizabeth Eckford and eight other African American students had to be escorted by the army to attend classes in Secondary Institute of Little Rock, Arkansas . Black schools also received far less funding than white schools, hence the decision of the Supreme Court, he saw discrimination in segregation.

Blacks in the southern universities. A similar case was James Meredith, the first black graduate of the University of Mississippi . Meredith was confronted with Governor Ross Barnett, deep racist segregationist ideas clashed virulently to Kennedy - attorney general Robert was then living and defender of civil rights , as well as John F. from the presidency - to prevent a black licenciase at a university until then whites only . Meredith 's attendance to class caused an incredible altercation that ended with federal and racist engaged in a firefight in which he was shot and wounded thirty agents. Meredith would graduate in Political Science in 1963.

There was the Ku Klux Klan. The Ku Klux Clan, a racist society founded by former Confederate soldiers in 1865 , was a constant punishment for blacks and other racial minorities in the southern states , particularly in the late nineteenth century. Severance and renamed several times , the group resumed its place in the fifties and sixties , opposing all causes in favor of civil rights . Several of its members were convicted of murder and lynchings perpetrated on these dates